- To melt 1 gram of ice requires 80 calories. (A calorie is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water 1°C.)

- The change from liquid to ice is called solidification. This process will release 80 calories per gram.

- The change from liquid to vapor is called evaporation. This process requires 600 calories.

- The opposite of evaporation is called condensation. The latent heat of condensation will release 600 calories per gram of liquid water.

- Sublimation is the process of changing vapor to a solid or from a solid to vapor (although the change from vapor to solid is sometimes called deposition). High ice clouds and dry ice are examples of sublimation.

Example:

How many calories does it take to sublimate ice (0°C) to vapor (100°C)?

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