UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2026011512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 15 JAN 26 Searching for PTRO... Searching the city database file for: PTRO ... Date:1200Z 15 JAN 26 Station: PTRO WMO ident: 91408 Latitude: 7.33 Longitude: 134.48 Elevation: 33.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1001 33 28.2 24.6 81 3.6 25.5 230 7 301.3 304.9 298.7 359.7 19.81 1 1000 60 28.2 24.6 81 3.6 25.5 235 5 301.4 305.0 298.7 359.9 19.84 2 987 177 28.0 24.5 81 3.5 25.4 226 12 302.3 306.0 299.0 361.5 19.98 3 962 405 25.8 22.9 84 2.9 23.7 218 19 302.3 305.7 298.1 357.3 18.58 4 925 750 22.6 22.2 98 0.4 22.3 230 17 302.4 305.8 298.1 357.2 18.51 5 921 788 22.4 22.3 99 0.1 22.3 231 18 302.6 306.0 298.3 358.1 18.71 6 890 1086 21.0 18.1 84 2.9 19.0 235 21 304.1 306.9 296.3 348.3 14.85 7 855 1434 20.0 14.0 68 6.0 16.0 223 23 306.6 308.8 294.8 342.2 11.84 8 850 1485 19.6 14.9 74 4.7 16.4 220 23 306.7 309.0 295.4 344.7 12.64 9 831 1680 17.8 16.2 90 1.6 16.7 215 21 306.8 309.4 296.4 349.1 14.08 10 816 1836 17.2 14.6 85 2.6 15.4 210 20 307.7 310.2 295.9 346.7 12.91 11 811 1888 16.8 15.1 90 1.7 15.7 212 21 307.9 310.4 296.3 348.5 13.43 12 807 1931 16.8 13.7 82 3.1 14.7 213 21 308.3 310.6 295.6 345.6 12.31 13 805 1952 16.6 14.4 87 2.2 15.1 214 22 308.3 310.7 296.1 347.4 12.92 14 785 2167 16.2 11.9 76 4.3 13.4 220 24 310.1 312.2 295.4 344.4 11.22 15 763 2408 14.4 11.2 81 3.2 12.3 219 22 310.7 312.8 295.4 344.4 11.02 16 752 2532 14.2 8.2 67 6.0 10.4 218 21 311.8 313.5 294.3 339.9 9.11 17 742 2645 13.6 8.7 72 4.9 10.5 217 20 312.3 314.1 294.7 341.8 9.56 18 736 2713 13.2 10.3 83 2.9 11.3 217 19 312.6 314.6 295.7 345.8 10.76 19 728 2806 12.8 8.3 74 4.5 10.0 217 19 313.1 314.9 294.9 342.5 9.49 20 715 2957 11.8 8.0 78 3.8 9.4 216 17 313.6 315.5 295.0 343.0 9.46 21 712 2992 11.6 9.3 86 2.3 10.1 216 17 313.8 315.8 295.7 346.0 10.39 22 707 3052 11.4 8.8 84 2.6 9.7 215 17 314.2 316.1 295.7 345.6 10.11 23 702 3111 11.2 8.8 85 2.4 9.7 215 16 314.6 316.6 295.8 346.3 10.19 24 700 3135 11.2 7.4 77 3.8 8.8 215 16 314.9 316.7 295.3 343.8 9.27 25 692 3231 11.2 6.2 71 5.0 8.1 209 16 315.9 317.6 295.0 343.0 8.63 26 682 3353 10.8 5.9 72 4.9 7.8 200 17 316.8 318.5 295.2 343.8 8.58 27 661 3614 9.0 5.2 77 3.8 6.7 197 17 317.6 319.2 295.3 344.2 8.43 28 652 3727 8.4 3.4 71 5.0 5.5 196 17 318.2 319.6 294.8 342.1 7.52 29 647 3791 8.0 4.3 77 3.7 5.8 195 17 318.4 320.0 295.3 344.1 8.08 30 638 3907 7.4 1.4 66 6.0 4.0 194 17 319.0 320.3 294.4 340.3 6.65 31 633 3972 6.8 0.8 66 6.0 3.4 193 17 319.1 320.3 294.2 339.6 6.42 32 610 4275 4.4 1.4 81 3.0 2.7 190 17 319.7 321.1 294.8 342.0 6.96 33 606 4329 4.4 0.7 77 3.7 2.3 189 17 320.3 321.6 294.7 341.7 6.66 34 596 4465 3.8 0.2 77 3.6 1.8 186 17 321.1 322.4 294.8 342.2 6.53 35 561 4954 -0.5 -0.5 100 0.0 -0.5 177 18 321.7 323.0 295.0 343.0 6.59 36 522 5529 -2.9 -5.6 82 2.7 -4.3 198 19 325.5 326.4 294.7 341.5 4.83 37 520 5560 -2.9 -7.5 71 4.6 -5.1 201 19 325.8 326.7 294.3 339.8 4.19 38 518 5590 -3.1 -7.9 69 4.8 -5.3 204 19 325.9 326.8 294.2 339.5 4.08 39 516 5621 -3.3 -6.6 78 3.3 -4.9 208 19 326.1 327.0 294.6 341.1 4.53 40 514 5652 -3.5 -7.8 72 4.3 -5.5 211 18 326.2 327.0 294.3 340.0 4.14 41 511 5698 -3.9 -5.8 87 1.9 -4.8 215 18 326.2 327.2 294.9 342.4 4.86 42 500 5870 -4.9 -6.6 88 1.7 -5.7 210 12 327.1 328.0 295.0 342.6 4.67 43 493 5981 -5.5 -6.9 90 1.4 -6.2 210 12 327.7 328.6 295.1 343.1 4.63 44 490 6028 -5.1 -8.9 75 3.8 -6.8 210 11 328.7 329.5 294.8 342.2 3.98 45 488 6060 -4.9 -8.7 75 3.8 -6.7 210 11 329.3 330.2 295.1 343.1 4.06 46 450 6691 -9.7 -11.5 87 1.8 -10.5 151 14 331.0 331.8 295.1 343.1 3.53 47 445 6777 -10.3 -13.0 81 2.7 -11.4 145 14 331.3 332.0 294.8 342.2 3.16 48 428 7075 -12.7 -13.7 92 1.0 -13.1 125 16 332.0 332.6 295.0 342.7 3.10 49 423 7165 -12.9 -14.4 88 1.5 -13.5 119 17 332.9 333.5 295.1 343.1 2.96 50 422 7183 -12.7 -14.5 86 1.8 -13.4 118 17 333.3 333.9 295.2 343.6 2.95 51 420 7219 -12.3 -16.6 70 4.3 -13.9 115 17 334.3 334.8 295.0 343.0 2.49 52 419 7237 -12.5 -17.3 67 4.8 -14.2 114 18 334.3 334.8 294.9 342.5 2.35 53 417 7274 -12.5 -15.3 80 2.8 -13.6 112 18 334.7 335.3 295.4 344.5 2.79 54 400 7590 -14.3 -19.1 67 4.8 -15.9 90 20 336.4 336.8 295.3 343.9 2.11 55 300 9720 -28.5 -43.5 22 15.0 -30.4 95 29 345.2 345.3 295.8 346.3 0.27 56 250 11000 -38.3 -46.3 43 8.0 -39.0 85 35 349.1 349.2 296.7 350.1 0.24 57 200 12490 -51.1 -54.0 71 2.9 -51.2 75 36 351.8 351.9 297.1 352.4 0.12 58 150 14290 -67.1 -73.1 42 6.0 -67.1 95 41 354.5 354.5 297.6 354.6 0.01 59 100 16620 -85.7 -90.7 40 5.0 -85.7 95 50 362.1 362.1 299.1 362.2 0.00 60 98 16730 -86.1 -90.8 42 4.7 -86.1 95 50 363.5 363.5 299.4 363.5 0.00 61 96 16843 -87.1 -93.1 32 6.0 -87.1 105 52 363.7 363.7 299.4 363.7 0.00 62 95 16900 -85.3 -92.3 27 7.0 -85.3 104 52 368.3 368.3 300.2 368.3 0.00 63 93 17017 -84.3 -92.3 23 8.0 -84.3 101 53 372.5 372.5 301.0 372.5 0.00 64 92 17077 -80.5 -90.5 17 10.0 -80.5 101 52 381.2 381.2 302.4 381.2 0.00 65 90 17201 -79.5 -89.5 18 10.0 -79.5 107 45 385.6 385.6 303.1 385.6 0.00 66 83 17658 -80.9 -90.9 17 10.0 -80.9 129 19 391.8 391.8 304.0 391.8 0.00 67 74 18294 -85.7 -91.7 33 6.0 -85.7 1 0 394.7 394.7 304.5 394.7 0.00 68 71 18522 -84.5 -91.5 28 7.0 -84.5 46 8 402.0 402.0 305.5 402.0 0.00 69 70 18600 -85.1 -91.1 33 6.0 -85.1 105 16 402.3 402.3 305.5 402.3 0.00 70 69 18679 -85.3 -91.3 33 6.0 -85.3 104 15 403.6 403.6 305.7 403.6 0.00 71 68 18760 -83.5 -90.5 28 7.0 -83.5 102 15 409.1 409.1 306.4 409.1 0.00 72 64 19099 -81.1 -89.1 25 8.0 -81.1 114 19 421.5 421.5 307.9 421.6 0.00 73 58 19657 -78.7 -89.7 15 11.0 -78.7 118 21 439.0 439.0 309.8 439.0 0.00 74 56 19860 -73.1 -88.1 8 15.0 -73.2 106 24 456.2 456.2 311.4 456.2 0.00 75 55 19966 -71.5 -89.5 5 18.0 -71.6 108 22 462.2 462.2 312.0 462.2 0.00 76 54 20075 -68.7 -87.7 5 19.0 -68.9 110 19 471.1 471.1 312.7 471.1 0.00 77 53 20188 -67.7 -88.7 3 21.0 -67.9 101 21 476.0 476.0 313.1 476.0 0.00 78 50 20540 -66.1 -89.1 3 23.0 -66.4 65 29 487.7 487.7 314.1 487.7 0.00 79 49 20662 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.2 62 21 491.0 491.0 314.3 491.0 0.00 80 45 21176 -68.1 -90.1 3 22.0 -68.3 67 29 497.8 497.8 314.8 497.8 0.00 81 44 21312 -65.3 -90.3 2 25.0 -65.6 70 33 507.8 507.8 315.5 507.8 0.00 82 42 21596 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.9 92 36 516.6 516.6 316.1 516.6 0.00 83 36 22532 -66.5 -90.5 2 24.0 -66.8 70 40 534.7 534.7 317.2 534.7 0.00 84 35 22704 -64.1 -91.1 1 27.0 -64.6 76 41 545.3 545.3 317.8 545.3 0.00 85 31 23449 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -63.6 109 39 567.8 567.8 319.0 567.8 0.00 86 30 23650 -63.9 -89.9 2 26.0 -64.5 95 33 570.4 570.4 319.2 570.5 0.00 87 29 23858 -63.3 -91.3 1 28.0 -64.0 99 32 577.6 577.6 319.5 577.7 0.00 88 28 24075 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.3 97 36 594.6 594.6 320.3 594.6 0.00 89 25 24791 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.9 92 46 626.2 626.2 321.7 626.3 0.01 90 24 25051 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.6 89 49 631.3 631.3 322.0 631.3 0.01 91 23 25322 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -56.4 85 47 643.7 643.7 322.4 643.8 0.01 92 20 26210 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.6 100 44 658.9 658.9 323.0 659.0 0.01 93 19 26534 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -60.4 102 43 665.6 665.6 323.3 665.6 0.01 94 17 27238 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -58.3 107 41 696.1 696.1 324.3 696.1 0.01 95 17 27238 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -55.9 107 41 706.3 706.3 324.6 706.4 0.01 96 17 27238 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -55.9 107 41 706.3 706.3 324.6 706.4 0.01 97 16 27630 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.5 110 40 721.3 721.3 325.1 721.4 0.01 98 16 27630 -47.1 -84.1 1 37.0 -52.2 110 40 737.6 737.6 325.6 737.8 0.02 99 15 28061 -45.1 -82.1 1 37.0 -51.2 91 30 758.0 758.0 326.1 758.3 0.03 100 15 28061 -45.1 -82.1 1 37.0 -51.2 91 30 758.0 758.0 326.1 758.3 0.03 101 14 28519 -48.3 -83.3 1 35.0 -53.4 44 23 762.3 762.3 326.3 762.5 0.03 102 13 29008 -48.1 -84.1 1 36.0 -53.5 55 20 779.3 779.3 326.7 779.5 0.03 103 13 29008 -41.9 -81.9 1 40.0 -50.0 55 20 800.7 800.8 327.3 801.1 0.04 104 12 29552 -41.5 -80.5 1 39.0 -50.1 241 11 820.7 820.7 327.7 821.2 0.05 105 11 30139 -44.3 -82.3 1 38.0 -52.0 293 19 831.2 831.2 328.0 831.6 0.04 106 10 30780 -43.7 -81.7 1 38.0 -52.0 275 30 856.4 856.4 328.5 856.9 0.05 107 9.6 31054 -43.7 -82.7 1 39.0 -52.2 866.5 866.5 328.8 866.9 0.04 108 9.3 31269 -40.1 -81.1 0 41.0 -50.7 888.1 888.1 329.2 888.7 0.06 109 9.0 31493 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -50.9 895.7 895.7 329.4 896.3 0.06 110 8.7 31725 -38.3 -80.3 0 42.0 -50.3 912.2 912.2 329.7 913.0 0.07 111 8.3 32050 -37.5 -79.5 0 42.0 -50.1 927.7 927.8 329.9 928.7 0.09 112 7.6 32656 -39.1 -80.1 1 41.0 -51.2 944.9 945.0 330.2 945.9 0.09 TRP 96 16843 -87.1 -93.1 32 6.0 -87.1 105 52 363.7 363.7 299.4 363.7 0.00 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5810.00 m Freezing level: 565.07 mb = 4896.94 m = 16065.87 ft Wetbulb zero: 568.77 mb = 4842.57 m = 15887.52 ft Precipitable water: 2.41 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 81.56 % Est. max temperature: 33.60 C = 92.47 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 950.59 mb = 509.79 m = 1672.52 ft T: 24.83 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.89 C/km ThetaE index: 15.86 C Layer 890.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 917.12 mb = 824.61 m = 2705.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 18.68 g/kg Conv temperature: 29.71 C = 85.48 F Cap Strength: 0.29 C Lifted Index: -4.57 C Risk: Severe thunderstorms probable Lifted Index @300 mb: -4.14 C Lifted Index @700 mb: -1.42 C Showalter Index: 0.00 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 44.30 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.50 C Cross Totals Index: 19.80 C K Index: 35.60 Risk: > 80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 236.80 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.43 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 1697.13 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 58.26 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.26 J/kg Cap Strength: 0.21 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 922.33 mb = 775.27 m = 2543.50 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 897.33 mb = 1014.74 m = 3329.17 ft Equ Level (EL): 877.33 mb = 1210.60 m = 3971.73 ft B at Equ Level: 5.39 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 67.33 mb = 18815.62 m = 61730.30 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 239 at 14 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1001 33 230 7 5.4 4.5 | 67 7 -6.5 -2.7 1 1000 60 235 5 4.1 2.9 | 61 9 -7.7 -4.3 2 973 305 215 20 11.5 16.4 | 178 9 -0.4 9.2 3 925 750 230 17 13.0 10.9 | 198 4 1.2 3.7 4 908 914 235 20 16.4 11.5 | 227 6 4.5 4.3 5 876 1219 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 229 8 6.2 5.4 6 850 1485 220 23 14.8 17.6 | 196 11 2.9 10.4 7 846 1524 220 23 14.8 17.6 | 196 11 2.9 10.4 8 816 1829 210 20 10.0 17.3 | 170 10 -1.8 10.1 9 788 2134 220 24 15.4 18.4 | 198 12 3.6 11.2 10 700 3135 215 16 9.2 13.1 | 156 6 -2.7 5.9 11 681 3353 200 17 5.8 16.0 | 146 11 -6.0 8.8 12 609 4267 190 17 3.0 16.7 | 137 13 -8.9 9.5 13 565 4877 175 18 -1.6 17.9 | 129 17 -13.4 10.7 14 524 5486 195 19 4.9 18.4 | 148 13 -6.9 11.2 15 505 5791 225 18 12.7 12.7 | 189 6 0.9 5.5 16 500 5870 210 12 6.0 10.4 | 119 7 -5.8 3.2 17 486 6096 210 11 5.5 9.5 | 110 7 -6.3 2.3 18 467 6401 170 12 -2.1 11.8 | 108 15 -13.9 4.6 19 400 7590 90 20 -20.0 0.0 | 77 33 -31.8 -7.2 20 398 7620 95 19 -18.9 1.7 | 80 31 -30.8 -5.5 21 300 9720 95 29 -28.9 2.5 | 83 41 -40.7 -4.7 22 262 10668 100 32 -31.5 5.6 | 88 43 -43.4 -1.6 23 250 11000 85 35 -34.9 -3.1 | 78 48 -46.7 -10.3 24 229 11582 70 32 -30.1 -10.9 | 67 46 -41.9 -18.1 25 200 12490 75 36 -34.8 -9.3 | 70 49 -46.6 -16.5 26 173 13411 80 39 -38.4 -6.8 | 74 52 -50.3 -14.0 27 157 14021 90 35 -35.0 0.0 | 81 47 -46.8 -7.2 28 150 14290 95 41 -40.8 3.6 | 86 53 -52.7 -3.6 29 127 15240 110 56 -52.6 19.2 | 101 66 -64.5 12.0 30 103 16459 90 39 -39.0 0.0 | 82 51 -50.8 -7.2 31 100 16620 95 50 -49.8 4.4 | 87 62 -61.7 -2.8 32 97 16764 95 50 -49.8 4.4 | 87 62 -61.7 -2.8 33 96 16843 105 52 -50.2 13.5 | 96 62 -62.1 6.3 34 92 17069 100 53 -52.2 9.2 | 92 64 -64.0 2.0 35 83 17678 130 17 -13.0 10.9 | 99 25 -24.9 3.7 36 74 18288 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 59 14 -11.8 -7.2 37 70 18593 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 59 24 -20.5 -12.2 38 70 18600 105 16 -15.5 4.1 | 84 27 -27.3 -3.1 39 66 18898 100 14 -13.8 2.4 | 79 26 -25.6 -4.8 40 63 19202 120 21 -18.2 10.5 | 96 30 -30.0 3.3 41 60 19507 135 15 -10.6 10.6 | 99 23 -22.5 3.4 42 57 19812 105 26 -25.1 6.7 | 89 37 -37.0 -0.5 43 54 20117 110 19 -17.9 6.5 | 89 30 -29.7 -0.7 44 50 20540 65 29 -26.3 -12.3 | 63 43 -38.1 -19.5 45 48 20726 60 17 -14.7 -8.5 | 59 31 -26.6 -15.7 46 44 21336 70 33 -31.0 -11.3 | 67 47 -42.9 -18.5 47 42 21641 95 36 -35.9 3.1 | 85 48 -47.7 -4.1 48 36 22555 70 40 -37.6 -13.7 | 67 54 -49.4 -20.9 49 32 23165 95 45 -44.8 3.9 | 87 57 -56.7 -3.3 50 31 23470 110 39 -36.6 13.3 | 97 49 -48.5 6.1 51 30 23650 95 33 -32.9 2.9 | 84 45 -44.7 -4.3 52 29 23774 100 31 -30.5 5.4 | 88 42 -42.4 -1.8 53 24 24994 90 49 -49.0 0.0 | 83 61 -60.8 -7.2 54 22 25603 80 45 -44.3 -7.8 | 75 58 -56.2 -15.0 55 20 26210 100 44 -43.3 7.6 | 90 55 -55.2 0.4 56 16 27737 110 40 -37.6 13.7 | 97 50 -49.4 6.5 57 15 28042 105 32 -30.9 8.3 | 91 43 -42.8 1.1 58 14 28346 40 23 -14.8 -17.6 | 47 36 -26.6 -24.8 59 13 28956 50 24 -18.4 -15.4 | 53 38 -30.2 -22.6 60 13 29261 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 61 24 -20.9 -11.4 61 12 29566 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 55 4 -3.2 -2.2 62 11 29870 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 291 14 13.1 -5.0 63 11 30175 295 19 17.2 -8.0 | 341 16 5.4 -15.2 64 10 30780 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 299 21 18.0 -9.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 208.7 at 18.5 knts Storm direction: 238.7 at 13.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 0.9 neg: 2.2 tot: 3.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 94.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 33.5 neg: -38.6 tot: -5.1 m^2/s^2 ave: -1.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.10 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.2 stream: 0.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.30 Bulk Rich Number: 725.58 Bulk Shear: 2.34 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 219 16 157 5| 0.0 11.9 11.9| 13.3 0.0 13.3 26.6 0.68| 17.1 11.5 1000 225 17 184 5| 2.5 5.9 8.4| 18.2 0.0 18.2 18.2 0.64| 12.0 7.7 1500 227 19 199 6| 1.6 5.3 7.0| 18.4 -13.4 5.0 3.3 0.31| 10.4 3.3 2000 223 19 193 7| 1.2 4.1 5.3| 28.2 -26.0 2.2 1.1 0.22| 9.9 2.2 2500 222 20 193 8| 1.0 3.2 4.3| 33.5 -31.8 1.7 0.7 0.19| 9.0 1.7 3000 222 20 190 8| 0.9 2.2 3.0| 33.5 -38.6 -5.1 -1.7 0.10| 8.2 0.8 4000 217 19 177 8| 0.7 2.1 2.8| 33.5 -47.3 -13.8 -3.5 0.02| 7.1 0.2 5000 210 19 165 9| 0.5 2.0 2.5| 38.4 -56.9 -18.5 -3.7 -0.00| 6.3 -0.0 6000 209 18 162 9| 1.3 1.7 3.0| 65.8 -67.6 -1.8 -0.3 0.02| 7.0 0.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//PTRO/skewt/PTRO.skewt.20260115.12.gif