UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 15 OCT 25 Searching for NSTU... Searching the city database file for: NSTU ... Date:1200Z 15 OCT 25 Station: NSTU WMO ident: 91765 Latitude: -14.33 Longitude: -170.72 Elevation: 3.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1011 3 27.0 24.0 84 3.0 24.8 95 13 299.2 302.7 297.6 354.5 18.90 1 1007 38 27.2 22.3 75 4.9 23.6 95 15 299.8 302.9 296.5 349.7 17.07 2 1000 100 26.6 22.1 76 4.5 23.3 95 19 299.8 302.8 296.5 349.4 16.98 3 925 784 20.6 19.7 95 0.9 20.0 90 19 300.4 303.3 295.9 346.7 15.81 4 918 850 20.2 19.8 98 0.4 19.9 90 19 300.6 303.6 296.1 347.7 16.03 5 878 1234 17.8 16.8 94 1.0 17.1 79 18 302.0 304.5 295.0 342.8 13.84 6 873 1283 18.0 14.0 77 4.0 15.4 78 18 302.7 304.8 293.6 337.0 11.59 7 871 1303 18.0 13.6 75 4.4 15.1 77 18 302.9 305.0 293.4 336.4 11.31 8 861 1402 17.2 14.8 86 2.4 15.6 74 17 303.0 305.3 294.3 339.8 12.39 9 859 1422 17.4 13.8 79 3.6 15.0 73 17 303.5 305.6 293.8 338.0 11.62 10 850 1512 17.2 14.5 84 2.7 15.4 70 17 304.2 306.4 294.5 340.8 12.31 11 840 1613 16.6 14.5 87 2.1 15.2 73 19 304.6 306.9 294.7 341.7 12.46 12 827 1746 15.8 14.0 89 1.8 14.6 77 20 305.1 307.4 294.7 341.7 12.24 13 818 1839 15.8 11.2 74 4.6 12.9 80 20 306.0 308.0 293.6 336.9 10.27 14 815 1870 15.4 13.1 86 2.3 13.9 79 19 305.9 308.1 294.6 341.1 11.71 15 807 1954 15.4 11.6 78 3.8 13.0 78 18 306.8 308.8 294.1 339.0 10.70 16 781 2231 13.6 11.2 85 2.4 12.0 78 16 307.8 309.8 294.4 340.3 10.76 17 771 2340 13.4 7.4 67 6.0 9.7 82 17 308.7 310.3 292.9 334.3 8.41 18 769 2362 13.8 4.8 55 9.0 8.6 82 17 309.3 310.7 292.0 330.9 7.03 19 755 2517 12.8 4.8 58 8.0 8.1 84 18 309.9 311.2 292.2 331.9 7.16 20 732 2777 11.4 2.4 54 9.0 6.3 82 16 311.1 312.3 291.8 330.4 6.23 21 726 2846 11.2 0.2 47 11.0 5.3 87 15 311.6 312.6 291.2 328.4 5.35 22 721 2903 11.4 -4.6 32 16.0 3.5 92 13 312.5 313.2 290.1 324.4 3.77 23 714 2985 10.4 -1.6 43 12.0 4.2 98 11 312.2 313.1 290.9 327.2 4.77 24 709 3044 10.2 -5.8 32 16.0 2.5 102 10 312.6 313.3 289.9 323.8 3.50 25 703 3114 9.6 -2.4 43 12.0 3.4 107 8 312.7 313.6 290.9 327.1 4.56 26 700 3150 9.6 -4.4 37 14.0 2.7 110 7 313.1 313.9 290.5 325.7 3.94 27 698 3174 9.8 -5.2 34 15.0 2.5 108 7 313.6 314.3 290.4 325.5 3.72 28 690 3269 9.0 -6.0 34 15.0 1.8 102 8 313.7 314.4 290.3 325.1 3.54 29 680 3390 8.4 -12.6 21 21.0 -0.3 94 8 314.4 314.8 289.2 321.4 2.13 30 670 3512 7.4 -11.6 24 19.0 -0.6 86 9 314.6 315.0 289.5 322.3 2.35 31 665 3573 7.2 -15.8 18 23.0 -1.7 82 9 315.0 315.4 288.9 320.6 1.68 32 663 3598 6.8 -11.2 26 18.0 -0.9 80 10 314.9 315.3 289.6 322.9 2.45 33 661 3623 6.8 -18.2 15 25.0 -2.3 78 10 315.1 315.4 288.6 319.8 1.38 34 657 3672 6.4 -13.6 22 20.0 -1.7 75 10 315.2 315.6 289.3 322.0 2.04 35 645 3823 5.4 -18.6 16 24.0 -3.2 70 10 315.8 316.0 288.9 320.4 1.37 36 619 4156 1.8 -5.2 60 7.0 -1.6 45 7 315.4 316.2 291.4 328.8 4.20 37 618 4169 1.8 -5.2 60 7.0 -1.6 43 7 315.5 316.3 291.4 329.0 4.20 38 616 4196 1.8 -6.2 55 8.0 -2.0 40 6 315.8 316.6 291.3 328.4 3.91 39 614 4222 2.0 -4.0 64 6.0 -1.0 37 6 316.3 317.2 292.0 331.2 4.63 40 613 4235 2.0 -5.0 60 7.0 -1.4 36 6 316.5 317.3 291.8 330.3 4.30 41 612 4248 2.6 -15.4 25 18.0 -4.3 34 6 317.3 317.7 289.9 323.6 1.88 42 609 4288 2.4 -9.6 41 12.0 -2.9 30 5 317.5 318.1 291.0 327.5 3.03 43 606 4328 3.0 -22.0 14 25.0 -5.3 34 5 318.7 318.9 289.5 322.4 1.08 44 605 4341 3.0 -15.0 25 18.0 -4.0 35 5 318.8 319.2 290.4 325.4 1.97 45 603 4368 2.8 -14.2 27 17.0 -4.0 37 4 318.9 319.3 290.6 326.0 2.11 46 602 4381 2.8 -16.2 23 19.0 -4.4 38 4 319.1 319.4 290.3 325.1 1.79 47 601 4395 2.8 -11.2 35 14.0 -3.2 39 4 319.2 319.7 291.2 328.1 2.70 48 600 4408 3.0 -17.0 21 20.0 -4.5 40 4 319.6 319.9 290.3 325.3 1.68 49 599 4422 3.0 -14.0 27 17.0 -3.8 41 4 319.7 320.2 290.9 327.0 2.16 50 596 4462 2.8 -16.2 23 19.0 -4.4 45 4 320.0 320.3 290.6 326.1 1.81 51 595 4476 3.0 -29.0 7 32.0 -6.2 46 4 320.4 320.5 289.5 322.4 0.58 52 592 4517 2.8 -37.2 3 40.0 -6.8 49 3 320.6 320.6 289.2 321.6 0.26 53 583 4640 1.6 -25.4 11 27.0 -6.7 59 3 320.6 320.8 289.8 323.5 0.83 54 500 5860 -5.5 -47.5 2 42.0 -12.8 115 11 326.3 326.4 290.8 326.7 0.10 55 400 7570 -16.7 -48.7 4 32.0 -21.1 75 12 333.3 333.3 292.7 333.7 0.11 56 300 9670 -31.7 -52.7 11 21.0 -33.4 190 27 340.7 340.7 294.6 341.1 0.10 57 250 10930 -42.1 -62.1 10 20.0 -42.9 205 31 343.5 343.5 295.2 343.6 0.04 58 200 12400 -53.1 -72.1 8 19.0 -53.4 245 23 348.7 348.7 296.4 348.7 0.01 59 150 14190 -67.3 -78.3 20 11.0 -67.4 275 32 354.2 354.2 297.5 354.2 0.01 60 100 16550 -80.1 -86.1 36 6.0 -80.1 275 22 373.0 373.0 301.1 373.0 0.00 61 99 16607 -80.3 -86.3 36 6.0 -80.3 265 21 373.7 373.7 301.2 373.7 0.00 62 97 16723 -77.9 -85.9 26 8.0 -77.9 273 22 380.5 380.5 302.3 380.5 0.00 63 95 16843 -76.7 -85.7 23 9.0 -76.7 268 20 385.1 385.1 303.1 385.2 0.00 64 91 17089 -78.5 -87.5 22 9.0 -78.5 256 16 386.3 386.3 303.2 386.3 0.00 65 87 17347 -77.1 -86.1 22 9.0 -77.1 320 14 394.2 394.2 304.4 394.2 0.00 66 84 17547 -78.5 -87.5 22 9.0 -78.5 334 12 395.3 395.3 304.6 395.3 0.00 67 79 17900 -75.7 -88.7 11 13.0 -75.7 3 10 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 68 79 17900 -75.7 -88.7 11 13.0 -75.7 3 10 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 69 77 18048 -75.9 -88.9 11 13.0 -75.9 8 11 410.7 410.7 306.6 410.7 0.00 70 75 18202 -72.7 -89.7 6 17.0 -72.8 3 12 420.5 420.5 307.7 420.5 0.00 71 73 18361 -71.1 -90.1 4 19.0 -71.2 352 12 427.1 427.1 308.5 427.1 0.00 72 70 18610 -70.7 -89.7 4 19.0 -70.8 65 4 433.1 433.1 309.1 433.1 0.00 73 62 19331 -70.1 -90.1 4 20.0 -70.2 15 21 449.8 449.8 310.8 449.8 0.00 74 56 19943 -65.9 -89.9 2 24.0 -66.1 337 10 472.6 472.6 312.8 472.6 0.00 75 51 20510 -66.9 -90.9 2 24.0 -67.1 45 11 483.1 483.1 313.7 483.1 0.00 76 50 20630 -64.5 -90.5 2 26.0 -64.8 60 11 491.5 491.5 314.3 491.5 0.00 77 48 20878 -65.5 -90.5 2 25.0 -65.8 58 10 494.9 494.9 314.6 494.9 0.00 78 45 21272 -64.1 -90.1 2 26.0 -64.5 89 10 507.5 507.5 315.5 507.5 0.00 79 42 21691 -66.1 -90.1 2 24.0 -66.4 90 26 512.7 512.7 315.8 512.7 0.00 80 38 22300 -64.7 -90.7 2 26.0 -65.1 85 28 531.1 531.1 317.0 531.1 0.00 81 37 22463 -63.9 -90.9 1 27.0 -64.4 85 29 537.2 537.2 317.3 537.2 0.00 82 37 22463 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -62.7 85 29 541.9 541.9 317.6 541.9 0.00 83 35 22806 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.8 85 30 553.1 553.1 318.3 553.2 0.00 84 33 23175 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.9 99 31 574.2 574.2 319.4 574.2 0.01 85 31 23572 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.3 105 32 586.7 586.7 320.0 586.8 0.01 86 30 23780 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.0 105 40 590.1 590.1 320.2 590.1 0.01 87 28 24217 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.8 101 40 599.6 599.6 320.6 599.6 0.01 88 24 25202 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -55.9 97 38 637.7 637.7 322.2 637.7 0.01 89 20 26380 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -54.8 75 41 677.3 677.3 323.7 677.4 0.01 90 20 26380 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -54.8 75 41 677.3 677.3 323.7 677.4 0.01 91 20 26380 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -55.0 75 41 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 92 13 29233 -42.3 -80.3 1 38.0 -50.2 85 27 799.4 799.4 327.3 799.8 0.05 93 12 29771 -45.5 -81.5 1 36.0 -52.2 68 25 806.5 806.6 327.4 806.9 0.04 94 11 30353 -44.1 -81.1 1 37.0 -51.8 42 19 831.9 832.0 328.0 832.4 0.05 95 10 30990 -45.9 -81.9 1 36.0 -53.2 355 1 848.2 848.2 328.4 848.7 0.05 96 8.6 31992 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -54.4 336 7 880.9 880.9 329.1 881.4 0.05 97 7.8 32644 -43.7 -81.7 1 38.0 -53.1 324 11 919.5 919.5 329.8 920.2 0.06 98 7.5 32906 -45.3 -82.3 1 37.0 -54.1 319 13 923.4 923.4 329.9 924.0 0.06 99 7.0 33370 -42.3 -81.3 1 39.0 -53.0 310 16 954.2 954.2 330.4 955.0 0.08 100 6.8 33567 -40.9 -80.9 1 40.0 -52.5 968.0 968.0 330.7 968.9 0.08 101 6.1 34299 -44.9 -81.9 1 37.0 -54.8 981.3 981.4 330.9 982.2 0.08 102 5.9 34523 -42.9 -81.9 1 39.0 -54.1 999.4 999.4 331.2 1000.3 0.08 103 5.8 34640 -36.5 -79.5 0 43.0 -51.7 1032.2 1032.3 331.7 1033.7 0.12 104 5.6 34884 -34.9 -77.9 0 43.0 -51.3 1049.7 1049.8 331.9 1051.7 0.17 105 5.3 35267 -36.3 -78.3 1 42.0 -52.1 1060.1 1060.2 332.1 1062.1 0.17 TRP 99 16607 -80.3 -86.3 36 6.0 -80.3 265 21 373.7 373.7 301.2 373.7 0.00 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5760.00 m Freezing level: 564.30 mb = 4915.04 m = 16125.25 ft Wetbulb zero: 681.53 mb = 3371.04 m = 11059.71 ft Precipitable water: 1.62 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 48.33 % Est. max temperature: 30.85 C = 87.53 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 968.35 mb = 382.15 m = 1253.76 ft T: 24.12 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.57 C/km ThetaE index: 11.24 C Layer 878.0- 861.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 918.00 mb = 849.83 m = 2788.11 ft Mean mixing ratio: 16.42 g/kg Conv temperature: 28.41 C = 83.14 F Cap Strength: 0.27 C Lifted Index: -1.95 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Lifted Index @300 mb: -2.36 C Lifted Index @700 mb: -0.50 C Showalter Index: 0.93 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 42.70 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 22.70 C Cross Totals Index: 20.00 C K Index: 23.20 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 219.00 Risk: None Energy Index: -2.62 Risk: Severe Thunderstorms probable Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 723.83 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 38.05 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.57 J/kg Cap Strength: 0.27 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 925.26 mb = 781.55 m = 2564.12 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 910.26 mb = 922.85 m = 3027.70 ft Equ Level (EL): 210.26 mb = 12070.50 m = 39600.88 ft B at Equ Level: 723.61 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 110.26 mb = 15981.61 m = 52432.46 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 116 at 9 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1011 3 95 13 -13.0 1.1 | 59 6 -4.8 -2.9 1 1000 100 95 19 -18.9 1.7 | 78 11 -10.7 -2.4 2 944 610 85 21 -20.9 -1.8 | 65 14 -12.7 -5.9 3 925 784 90 19 -19.0 0.0 | 70 12 -10.8 -4.0 4 911 914 90 19 -19.0 0.0 | 70 12 -10.8 -4.0 5 850 1512 70 17 -16.0 -5.8 | 38 13 -7.8 -9.8 6 849 1524 70 19 -17.9 -6.5 | 43 14 -9.7 -10.5 7 819 1829 80 20 -19.7 -3.5 | 57 14 -11.5 -7.5 8 790 2134 75 15 -14.5 -3.9 | 39 10 -6.3 -7.9 9 762 2438 85 18 -17.9 -1.6 | 60 11 -9.8 -5.6 10 735 2743 80 17 -16.7 -3.0 | 51 11 -8.6 -7.0 11 700 3150 110 7 -6.6 2.4 | 316 2 1.6 -1.6 12 657 3658 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 13 7 -1.5 -6.6 13 633 3962 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 6 8 -0.9 -8.3 14 609 4267 30 5 -2.5 -4.3 | 326 10 5.7 -8.4 15 565 4877 80 1 -1.0 -0.2 | 300 8 7.2 -4.2 16 504 5791 170 10 -1.7 9.8 | 228 9 6.4 5.8 17 500 5860 115 11 -10.0 4.6 | 109 2 -1.8 0.6 18 485 6096 85 11 -11.0 -1.0 | 29 6 -2.8 -5.0 19 466 6401 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 24 4 -1.8 -4.0 20 448 6706 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 64 1 -1.2 -0.6 21 430 7010 75 18 -17.4 -4.7 | 47 13 -9.2 -8.7 22 414 7315 65 15 -13.6 -6.3 | 28 12 -5.4 -10.4 23 400 7570 75 12 -11.6 -3.1 | 26 8 -3.4 -7.1 24 397 7620 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 20 7 -2.4 -6.9 25 381 7925 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 3 9 -0.5 -9.0 26 350 8534 100 2 -2.0 0.3 | 301 7 6.2 -3.7 27 322 9144 190 10 1.7 9.8 | 240 11 9.9 5.8 28 300 9670 190 27 4.7 26.6 | 210 26 12.9 22.6 29 260 10668 210 45 22.5 39.0 | 221 47 30.7 34.9 30 250 10930 205 31 13.1 28.1 | 221 32 21.3 24.1 31 248 10973 205 32 13.5 29.0 | 221 33 21.7 25.0 32 237 11278 210 23 11.5 19.9 | 231 25 19.7 15.9 33 206 12192 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 259 30 29.0 5.7 34 200 12400 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 259 30 29.0 5.7 35 170 13411 255 27 26.1 7.0 | 265 34 34.3 3.0 36 162 13716 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 280 35 34.1 -6.3 37 150 14190 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 280 41 40.1 -6.8 38 125 15240 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 279 43 42.1 -7.0 39 113 15850 255 29 28.0 7.5 | 265 36 36.2 3.5 40 102 16459 270 17 17.0 -0.0 | 279 25 25.2 -4.0 41 100 16550 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 281 31 30.1 -5.9 42 99 16607 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 274 29 29.1 -2.2 43 96 16764 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 281 31 30.1 -5.9 44 91 17069 250 16 15.0 5.5 | 266 23 23.2 1.4 45 87 17374 325 14 8.0 -11.5 | 314 22 16.2 -15.5 46 82 17678 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 319 18 11.6 -13.4 47 78 17983 10 10 -1.7 -9.8 | 335 15 6.4 -13.9 48 74 18288 360 13 -0.0 -13.0 | 334 19 8.2 -17.0 49 70 18593 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 314 18 13.2 -12.7 50 70 18610 65 4 -3.6 -1.7 | 321 7 4.6 -5.7 51 67 18898 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 0 10 -0.0 -9.8 52 60 19507 360 25 -0.0 -25.0 | 344 30 8.2 -29.0 53 57 19812 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 309 19 14.6 -11.7 54 50 20630 60 11 -9.5 -5.5 | 8 10 -1.3 -9.5 55 49 20726 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 0 10 -0.0 -9.8 56 47 21031 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 3 9 -0.5 -9.0 57 45 21336 95 10 -10.0 0.9 | 29 4 -1.8 -3.2 58 42 21641 85 28 -27.9 -2.4 | 72 21 -19.7 -6.5 59 40 21946 110 20 -18.8 6.8 | 105 11 -10.6 2.8 60 38 22250 85 28 -27.9 -2.4 | 72 21 -19.7 -6.5 61 35 22860 85 30 -29.9 -2.6 | 73 23 -21.7 -6.6 62 32 23470 110 31 -29.1 10.6 | 107 22 -21.0 6.6 63 30 23774 95 35 -34.9 3.1 | 88 27 -26.7 -1.0 64 30 23780 105 40 -38.6 10.4 | 102 31 -30.5 6.3 65 29 24079 110 39 -36.6 13.3 | 108 30 -28.5 9.3 66 27 24384 90 41 -41.0 0.0 | 83 33 -32.8 -4.0 67 23 25603 100 36 -35.5 6.3 | 95 27 -27.3 2.2 68 20 26380 75 41 -39.6 -10.6 | 65 35 -31.4 -14.6 69 19 26822 75 42 -40.6 -10.9 | 65 36 -32.4 -14.9 70 13 29261 85 27 -26.9 -2.4 | 71 20 -18.7 -6.4 71 11 30175 55 24 -19.7 -13.8 | 33 21 -11.5 -17.8 72 10 30990 355 1 0.1 -1.0 | 301 10 8.3 -5.0 73 7 33370 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 305 25 20.4 -14.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 86.2 at 12.2 knts Storm direction: 116.2 at 9.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.6 neg: 1.3 tot: 2.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): -14.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 32.4 neg: -42.9 tot: -10.4 m^2/s^2 ave: -3.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: -0.07 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 7.0 stream: -0.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.10 Bulk Rich Number: 110.16 Bulk Shear: 6.57 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 92 19 72 11| 0.0 8.1 8.1| 5.2 -6.7 -1.5 -2.9 0.07| 9.5 0.7 1000 90 19 70 12| 0.0 3.1 3.1| 8.3 -11.8 -3.4 -3.4 0.00| 7.0 0.0 1500 86 19 64 12| 0.0 2.6 2.6| 8.3 -28.9 -20.6 -13.7 -0.28| 6.6 -1.9 2000 84 19 60 12| 0.5 1.9 2.5| 22.9 -34.9 -12.0 -6.0 -0.12| 6.9 -0.8 2500 83 18 58 12| 0.9 1.6 2.4| 31.9 -38.6 -6.6 -2.7 -0.04| 6.5 -0.3 3000 83 18 58 11| 1.6 1.3 2.9| 32.4 -42.9 -10.4 -3.5 -0.07| 7.0 -0.5 4000 83 16 51 9| 1.2 1.7 2.9| 34.4 -48.2 -13.9 -3.5 -0.10| 6.8 -0.7 5000 81 13 39 8| 1.2 1.2 2.4| 35.0 -70.0 -34.9 -7.0 -0.22| 6.6 -1.5 6000 86 12 39 6| 1.3 1.3 2.7| 35.0 -82.4 -47.3 -7.9 -0.38| 7.7 -3.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//NSTU/skewt/NSTU.skewt.20251015.12.gif