UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 8 DEC 25 Searching for MMMD... Searching the city database file for: MMMD ... Date:1200Z 8 DEC 25 Station: MMMD WMO ident: 76644 Latitude: 20.98 Longitude: -89.65 Elevation: 10.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1016 10 24.4 23.1 92 1.3 23.5 70 1 296.2 299.4 296.1 347.5 17.78 1 1000 148 24.8 23.8 94 1.0 24.1 140 2 298.0 301.4 297.3 352.8 18.88 2 995 192 25.0 23.5 91 1.5 23.9 151 2 298.6 302.0 297.3 352.9 18.63 3 925 832 21.2 20.5 96 0.7 20.7 345 4 301.0 304.0 296.6 349.9 16.63 4 885 1216 18.4 18.2 99 0.2 18.3 34 4 301.9 304.7 295.8 346.2 15.03 5 850 1564 17.2 15.6 90 1.6 16.1 25 4 304.2 306.6 295.2 343.6 13.23 6 776 2338 13.6 10.4 81 3.2 11.6 270 4 308.3 310.2 294.2 339.5 10.26 7 726 2896 9.6 8.6 93 1.0 9.0 277 3 309.9 311.7 294.2 339.6 9.71 8 700 3199 8.2 5.9 85 2.3 6.8 280 4 311.6 313.1 293.7 337.3 8.35 9 638 3960 2.8 1.6 92 1.2 2.1 255 10 313.8 315.1 293.0 334.9 6.75 10 624 4140 2.6 -4.4 60 7.0 -0.8 242 7 315.6 316.4 291.6 329.7 4.42 11 597 4498 0.6 -6.4 59 7.0 -2.7 255 7 317.3 318.0 291.7 330.1 3.97 12 595 4525 0.4 -7.6 55 8.0 -3.3 258 7 317.3 318.0 291.5 329.1 3.63 13 590 4593 0.8 -16.2 27 17.0 -5.5 265 8 318.6 318.9 290.2 324.7 1.83 14 589 4606 0.8 -18.2 23 19.0 -6.0 265 8 318.7 319.0 290.0 324.0 1.55 15 580 4730 1.0 -28.0 9 29.0 -7.3 263 9 320.4 320.5 289.6 322.7 0.66 16 545 5230 -1.9 -23.9 17 22.0 -8.7 304 10 322.7 322.9 290.6 326.2 1.02 17 521 5587 -5.1 -13.1 53 8.0 -8.3 318 10 323.0 323.5 292.3 332.0 2.68 18 509 5770 -6.1 -22.1 27 16.0 -11.1 284 10 323.9 324.2 291.3 328.4 1.28 19 500 5910 -7.1 -26.1 20 19.0 -12.4 265 12 324.4 324.6 291.0 327.6 0.91 20 455 6640 -9.9 -35.9 10 26.0 -15.5 217 12 329.7 329.8 292.0 331.2 0.39 21 427 7126 -12.9 -32.9 17 20.0 -17.4 237 19 332.0 332.1 292.8 334.1 0.56 22 420 7251 -13.5 -23.5 43 10.0 -16.4 245 22 332.8 333.0 293.7 337.7 1.37 23 400 7620 -16.1 -27.1 38 11.0 -18.9 240 18 334.1 334.3 293.8 337.9 1.04 24 389 7828 -18.1 -27.1 45 9.0 -20.4 242 19 334.1 334.3 293.8 338.0 1.07 25 382 7963 -19.3 -28.3 45 9.0 -21.4 243 20 334.3 334.5 293.8 337.8 0.97 26 379 8021 -19.7 -27.7 49 8.0 -21.6 243 20 334.5 334.7 293.9 338.3 1.04 27 378 8041 -19.9 -28.9 45 9.0 -22.0 243 20 334.5 334.7 293.8 337.9 0.93 28 376 8080 -19.5 -35.5 23 16.0 -22.5 244 20 335.5 335.6 293.7 337.4 0.49 29 375 8100 -19.5 -40.5 14 21.0 -22.9 244 20 335.8 335.8 293.6 336.9 0.30 30 350 8606 -23.9 -37.9 26 14.0 -26.2 232 23 336.5 336.6 293.9 338.1 0.42 31 340 8816 -25.1 -49.1 9 24.0 -27.8 239 23 337.7 337.7 293.9 338.2 0.13 32 300 9710 -31.9 -53.9 9 22.0 -33.6 240 25 340.4 340.4 294.5 340.8 0.08 33 250 10970 -43.3 -57.3 20 14.0 -43.9 245 31 341.7 341.7 294.8 342.0 0.07 34 207 12210 -53.5 -63.5 28 10.0 -53.7 244 43 344.6 344.6 295.4 344.8 0.04 35 200 12430 -55.3 -66.3 24 11.0 -55.5 245 45 345.2 345.2 295.6 345.3 0.03 36 163 13714 -65.1 -72.1 37 7.0 -65.1 245 45 349.5 349.5 296.5 349.6 0.01 37 150 14220 -68.1 -76.1 31 8.0 -68.1 245 49 352.8 352.8 297.3 352.8 0.01 38 132 14976 -73.3 -81.3 28 8.0 -73.3 243 51 356.6 356.6 298.0 356.6 0.00 39 110 16033 -76.5 -85.5 23 9.0 -76.5 247 52 369.7 369.7 300.5 369.7 0.00 40 107 16192 -77.9 -85.9 26 8.0 -77.9 253 50 370.0 370.0 300.5 370.0 0.00 41 106 16245 -78.3 -86.3 26 8.0 -78.3 255 49 370.2 370.2 300.6 370.2 0.00 42 100 16580 -75.1 -86.1 16 11.0 -75.2 265 33 382.6 382.6 302.6 382.6 0.00 43 76 18153 -81.7 -90.7 20 9.0 -81.7 198 24 400.1 400.1 305.2 400.1 0.00 44 71 18539 -78.5 -90.5 12 12.0 -78.6 204 25 414.8 414.8 307.1 414.8 0.00 45 70 18620 -79.5 -89.5 18 10.0 -79.6 205 25 414.3 414.3 307.0 414.3 0.00 46 68 18784 -80.5 -89.5 21 9.0 -80.5 205 25 415.6 415.6 307.2 415.6 0.00 47 50 20570 -68.1 -85.1 7 17.0 -68.3 140 6 483.0 483.0 313.7 483.0 0.01 48 39 22074 -65.7 -87.7 3 22.0 -66.1 270 3 524.6 524.7 316.6 524.7 0.00 49 34 22920 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -61.3 238 4 559.3 559.3 318.6 559.4 0.01 50 31 23496 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.9 198 4 572.7 572.7 319.3 572.7 0.01 51 30 23700 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -61.0 220 6 580.8 580.8 319.7 580.8 0.01 52 24 25107 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.7 258 12 634.8 634.8 322.1 634.8 0.01 53 21 25958 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -57.3 254 18 657.7 657.7 323.0 657.7 0.01 54 20 26270 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -56.2 270 19 671.8 671.8 323.5 671.9 0.01 55 19 26600 -53.1 -87.1 1 34.0 -55.9 270 19 683.6 683.6 323.9 683.7 0.01 56 18 26951 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -53.5 270 18 705.0 705.0 324.6 705.1 0.01 57 12 29594 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -55.9 308 30 785.3 785.3 326.9 785.5 0.02 TRP 106 16245 -78.3 -86.3 26 8.0 -78.3 255 49 370.2 370.2 300.6 370.2 0.00 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5762.00 m Freezing level: 567.93 mb = 4902.51 m = 16084.14 ft Wetbulb zero: 627.83 mb = 4090.26 m = 13419.34 ft Precipitable water: 2.08 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 71.75 % Est. max temperature: 31.35 C = 88.44 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 997.35 mb = 171.43 m = 562.43 ft T: 24.91 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.64 C/km ThetaE index: 13.39 C Layer 925.0- 726.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 932.66 mb = 759.71 m = 2492.47 ft Mean mixing ratio: 17.68 g/kg Conv temperature: 28.93 C = 84.08 F Cap Strength: 0.66 C Lifted Index: -4.54 C Risk: Severe thunderstorms probable Lifted Index @300 mb: -4.15 C Lifted Index @700 mb: -2.72 C Showalter Index: -1.73 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 47.00 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.30 C Cross Totals Index: 22.70 C K Index: 37.60 Risk: > 80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 207.20 Risk: None Energy Index: -3.08 Risk: Severe Thunderstorms probable Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 1672.60 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 57.84 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 3.60 J/kg Cap Strength: 0.66 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 950.74 mb = 591.27 m = 1939.85 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 915.74 mb = 919.38 m = 3016.30 ft Equ Level (EL): 155.74 mb = 13991.40 m = 45902.97 ft B at Equ Level: 1669.07 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 85.74 mb = 17461.51 m = 57287.71 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 313 at 4 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1016 10 70 1 -0.9 -0.3 | 123 5 -4.1 2.6 1 1000 148 140 2 -1.3 1.5 | 135 6 -4.5 4.5 2 982 305 180 2 0.0 2.0 | 147 6 -3.2 5.0 3 949 610 355 2 0.2 -2.0 | 108 3 -3.0 1.0 4 925 832 345 4 1.0 -3.9 | 67 2 -2.1 -0.9 5 916 914 340 4 1.4 -3.8 | 66 2 -1.8 -0.8 6 885 1219 35 4 -2.3 -3.3 | 87 5 -5.5 -0.3 7 854 1524 355 4 0.3 -4.0 | 70 3 -2.8 -1.0 8 850 1564 25 4 -1.7 -3.6 | 82 5 -4.9 -0.7 9 824 1829 350 2 0.3 -2.0 | 109 3 -2.8 1.0 10 794 2134 280 4 3.9 -0.7 | 199 2 0.8 2.3 11 766 2438 265 4 4.0 0.3 | 194 3 0.8 3.3 12 739 2743 275 4 4.0 -0.3 | 197 3 0.8 2.6 13 713 3048 280 2 2.0 -0.3 | 155 3 -1.2 2.6 14 700 3199 280 4 3.9 -0.7 | 199 2 0.8 2.3 15 687 3353 270 6 6.0 -0.0 | 224 4 2.8 3.0 16 661 3658 260 8 7.9 1.4 | 227 6 4.7 4.4 17 637 3962 255 10 9.7 2.6 | 229 9 6.5 5.6 18 613 4267 230 4 3.1 2.6 | 179 6 -0.1 5.5 19 590 4572 265 8 8.0 0.7 | 233 6 4.8 3.7 20 568 4877 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 235 8 6.7 4.7 21 547 5182 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 290 6 5.5 -2.0 22 527 5486 335 10 4.2 -9.1 | 350 6 1.1 -6.1 23 507 5791 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 260 7 6.7 1.2 24 500 5910 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 245 10 8.8 4.0 25 469 6401 240 12 10.4 6.0 | 219 12 7.2 9.0 26 451 6706 210 12 6.0 10.4 | 192 14 2.8 13.4 27 416 7315 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 240 21 18.4 10.8 28 400 7620 240 18 15.6 9.0 | 226 17 12.4 12.0 29 368 8230 245 21 19.0 8.9 | 233 20 15.9 11.8 30 353 8534 230 23 17.6 14.8 | 219 23 14.4 17.8 31 324 9144 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 240 21 18.4 10.8 32 300 9710 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 230 24 18.5 15.5 33 298 9754 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 230 24 18.5 15.5 34 273 10363 255 29 28.0 7.5 | 247 27 24.8 10.5 35 250 10970 245 31 28.1 13.1 | 237 30 24.9 16.1 36 239 11278 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 233 32 25.4 19.5 37 200 12430 245 45 40.8 19.0 | 240 44 37.6 22.0 38 155 14021 245 45 40.8 19.0 | 240 44 37.6 22.0 39 150 14220 245 49 44.4 20.7 | 240 48 41.2 23.7 40 113 15850 240 54 46.8 27.0 | 235 53 43.6 30.0 41 106 16245 255 49 47.3 12.7 | 250 47 44.2 15.6 42 100 16580 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 259 30 29.7 5.8 43 97 16764 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 259 30 29.7 5.8 44 87 17374 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 274 23 23.4 -1.7 45 78 17983 195 23 6.0 22.2 | 186 25 2.8 25.2 46 70 18620 205 25 10.6 22.7 | 196 27 7.4 25.6 47 60 19507 205 23 9.7 20.8 | 195 25 6.5 23.8 48 57 19812 330 4 2.0 -3.5 | 67 1 -1.2 -0.5 49 54 20117 240 8 6.9 4.0 | 208 8 3.8 7.0 50 51 20422 170 4 -0.7 3.9 | 151 8 -3.9 6.9 51 50 20570 140 6 -3.9 4.6 | 137 10 -7.0 7.6 52 49 20726 125 8 -6.6 4.6 | 128 12 -9.7 7.6 53 46 21031 230 16 12.3 10.3 | 214 16 9.1 13.3 54 44 21336 280 12 11.8 -2.1 | 264 9 8.6 0.9 55 42 21641 5 4 -0.3 -4.0 | 74 4 -3.5 -1.0 56 40 21946 265 4 4.0 0.3 | 194 3 0.8 3.3 57 38 22250 275 2 2.0 -0.2 | 157 3 -1.2 2.8 58 36 22555 155 4 -1.7 3.6 | 144 8 -4.9 6.6 59 34 22860 220 4 2.6 3.1 | 174 6 -0.6 6.0 60 33 23165 295 4 3.6 -1.7 | 199 1 0.5 1.3 61 31 23470 195 4 1.0 3.9 | 163 7 -2.1 6.8 62 30 23700 220 6 3.9 4.6 | 185 8 0.7 7.6 63 30 23774 265 8 8.0 0.7 | 233 6 4.8 3.7 64 28 24079 215 6 3.4 4.9 | 182 8 0.3 7.9 65 27 24384 275 14 13.9 -1.2 | 261 11 10.8 1.7 66 24 24994 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 235 8 6.7 4.7 67 23 25298 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 240 14 12.3 7.1 68 22 25603 225 18 12.7 12.7 | 211 18 9.6 15.7 69 20 26213 275 18 17.9 -1.6 | 265 15 14.8 1.4 70 20 26270 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 259 16 15.8 3.0 71 17 26822 270 18 18.0 -0.0 | 259 15 14.8 3.0 72 14 27432 295 21 19.0 -8.9 | 290 17 15.9 -5.9 73 12 28042 310 31 23.7 -19.9 | 309 27 20.6 -17.0 74 11 28346 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 297 21 18.5 -9.5 75 10 28651 300 31 26.8 -15.5 | 298 27 23.7 -12.5 76 9 29261 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 261 20 19.8 3.0 77 8 29566 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 303 19 15.7 -10.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 283.1 at 5.8 knts Storm direction: 313.1 at 4.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 0.8 neg: 1.3 tot: 2.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 37.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 10.1 neg: -5.9 tot: 4.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 1.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.08 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 5.0 stream: 0.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.10 Bulk Rich Number: 279.91 Bulk Shear: 5.98 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 171 2 144 6| 0.0 2.9 2.9| 5.5 -0.7 4.8 9.6 0.39| 7.5 2.9 1000 355 3 99 3| 1.8 1.4 3.2| 5.6 -3.3 2.3 2.3 -0.06| 6.6 -0.4 1500 9 3 90 4| 1.2 1.0 2.1| 6.9 -4.6 2.3 1.5 -0.04| 6.1 -0.2 2000 5 3 90 3| 0.9 1.3 2.2| 9.5 -4.6 4.9 2.4 0.11| 6.1 0.7 2500 339 3 90 2| 0.7 1.5 2.2| 10.0 -4.7 5.3 2.1 0.15| 5.5 0.8 3000 322 3 110 1| 0.8 1.3 2.1| 10.1 -5.9 4.2 1.4 0.08| 5.0 0.4 4000 288 4 204 2| 0.6 1.9 2.5| 13.1 -8.0 5.2 1.3 0.13| 4.9 0.7 5000 275 5 213 3| 0.8 1.5 2.3| 26.4 -15.8 10.5 2.1 0.16| 5.4 0.9 6000 283 6 236 3| 1.4 2.3 3.7| 40.6 -36.2 4.4 0.7 0.08| 6.4 0.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//MMMD/skewt/MMMD.skewt.20251208.12.gif