UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 28 APR 25 Searching for KTOP... Searching the city database file for: KTOP ... Date:0000Z 28 APR 25 Station: KTOP WMO ident: 72456 Latitude: 39.07 Longitude: -95.62 Elevation: 270.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 112 SFC 981 270 18.6 17.3 92 1.3 17.7 130 11 293.4 295.6 291.6 329.7 12.76 2 964 422 17.2 17.1 99 0.1 17.1 139 17 293.4 295.7 291.7 329.9 12.83 3 935 687 16.4 16.4 100 0.0 16.4 157 27 295.2 297.4 292.1 331.4 12.65 4 925 780 16.6 16.6 100 0.0 16.6 165 30 296.3 298.6 292.7 333.6 12.95 5 873 1274 15.8 15.8 100 0.0 15.8 190 29 300.4 302.8 294.0 338.6 13.04 6 850 1501 15.0 14.3 96 0.7 14.6 190 28 301.9 304.1 293.7 337.7 12.15 7 829 1713 13.8 13.8 100 0.0 13.8 193 31 302.8 305.0 293.9 338.4 12.05 8 822 1785 14.4 12.4 88 2.0 13.1 194 31 304.1 306.2 293.6 337.1 11.08 9 807 1940 13.4 12.2 92 1.2 12.6 200 31 304.7 306.7 293.8 338.0 11.14 10 768 2356 10.8 9.2 90 1.6 9.8 214 31 306.2 308.0 293.0 335.0 9.56 11 760 2444 10.4 7.4 82 3.0 8.6 215 31 306.7 308.3 292.4 332.5 8.53 12 749 2565 9.8 7.2 84 2.6 8.2 217 31 307.3 308.9 292.6 333.2 8.54 13 743 2632 9.6 5.2 74 4.4 7.1 218 32 307.8 309.2 291.9 330.6 7.49 14 729 2791 10.0 -1.0 46 11.0 4.3 222 31 309.9 310.9 290.3 325.1 4.88 15 725 2837 10.0 -2.0 43 12.0 3.9 224 30 310.4 311.3 290.2 324.7 4.56 16 700 3128 7.8 -3.2 46 11.0 2.3 230 21 311.1 311.9 290.2 324.7 4.31 17 663 3572 4.0 -4.0 56 8.0 0.1 226 21 311.7 312.5 290.3 325.2 4.29 18 647 3769 2.4 -6.6 51 9.0 -1.7 230 22 312.1 312.8 289.8 323.6 3.60 19 632 3958 1.0 -13.0 34 14.0 -4.4 239 24 312.6 313.0 288.7 319.8 2.22 20 629 3996 1.0 -18.0 23 19.0 -5.5 241 24 313.0 313.3 288.1 317.9 1.47 21 607 4281 -1.1 -21.1 20 20.0 -7.4 254 27 313.8 314.0 288.0 317.7 1.17 22 556 4971 -7.5 -22.5 29 15.0 -11.8 250 26 314.2 314.4 288.1 318.0 1.13 23 554 4999 -7.5 -27.5 18 20.0 -12.5 251 27 314.5 314.7 287.8 317.0 0.72 24 548 5084 -7.7 -31.7 13 24.0 -13.1 251 28 315.3 315.4 287.8 317.0 0.49 25 524 5430 -10.1 -35.1 11 25.0 -15.1 253 33 316.5 316.5 288.0 317.8 0.37 26 519 5504 -10.5 -31.5 16 21.0 -15.1 253 34 316.8 316.9 288.3 318.7 0.53 27 501 5775 -11.9 -35.9 12 24.0 -16.5 255 39 318.3 318.4 288.6 319.6 0.36 28 500 5790 -11.9 -34.9 13 23.0 -16.4 255 39 318.5 318.6 288.7 320.0 0.39 29 465 6342 -16.5 -42.5 9 26.0 -20.3 264 43 319.5 319.5 288.8 320.2 0.19 30 435 6841 -20.3 -42.3 12 22.0 -23.3 265 43 320.8 320.9 289.2 321.6 0.21 31 414 7208 -22.3 -47.3 8 25.0 -25.1 265 40 322.8 322.8 289.8 323.3 0.13 32 400 7460 -24.5 -47.5 10 23.0 -26.9 265 39 323.1 323.2 289.9 323.7 0.13 33 340 8617 -34.1 -55.1 10 21.0 -35.4 262 40 325.5 325.5 290.5 325.7 0.06 34 329 8845 -35.5 -58.5 8 23.0 -36.7 261 42 326.6 326.6 290.8 326.8 0.04 35 328 8867 -35.5 -59.5 7 24.0 -36.7 261 42 326.9 326.9 290.9 327.0 0.04 36 323 8973 -36.1 -60.1 7 24.0 -37.3 261 43 327.5 327.5 291.0 327.6 0.04 37 300 9480 -40.1 -59.1 11 19.0 -40.9 265 50 328.8 328.9 291.5 329.0 0.04 38 260 10442 -47.9 -63.9 14 16.0 -48.3 265 59 331.1 331.1 292.0 331.2 0.03 39 254 10596 -49.1 -59.1 30 10.0 -49.4 265 61 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.8 0.05 40 253 10622 -49.5 -61.5 23 12.0 -49.8 265 61 331.3 331.3 292.1 331.5 0.04 41 250 10700 -49.9 -69.9 8 20.0 -50.3 265 62 331.9 331.9 292.2 331.9 0.01 42 242 10911 -51.5 -66.5 15 15.0 -51.8 265 64 332.6 332.6 292.4 332.7 0.02 43 226 11350 -54.7 -72.7 9 18.0 -54.9 265 68 334.3 334.3 292.9 334.3 0.01 44 206 11936 -58.9 -74.0 12 15.1 -59.0 265 73 336.7 336.7 293.5 336.7 0.01 45 205 11966 -59.1 -74.1 13 15.0 -59.2 265 73 336.8 336.8 293.5 336.8 0.01 46 200 12120 -59.9 -75.9 11 16.0 -60.0 265 71 337.9 337.9 293.8 337.9 0.01 47 183 12672 -63.7 -76.7 15 13.0 -63.8 265 70 340.4 340.4 294.4 340.4 0.01 48 172 13055 -62.9 -77.9 12 15.0 -63.0 267 65 347.8 347.8 296.1 347.9 0.01 49 166 13276 -60.1 -83.1 3 23.0 -60.3 267 63 356.1 356.1 297.9 356.1 0.00 50 164 13352 -59.9 -83.9 3 24.0 -60.1 268 62 357.6 357.6 298.2 357.6 0.00 51 162 13429 -59.9 -82.9 3 23.0 -60.1 268 61 358.9 358.9 298.5 358.9 0.00 52 150 13910 -60.9 -84.9 3 24.0 -61.1 270 55 365.2 365.2 299.7 365.2 0.00 53 132 14701 -61.1 -86.1 2 25.0 -61.3 274 58 378.4 378.4 302.0 378.4 0.00 54 124 15086 -63.3 -87.3 2 24.0 -63.4 268 50 381.2 381.2 302.5 381.2 0.00 55 113 15657 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -61.9 254 52 394.5 394.5 304.5 394.5 0.00 56 106 16050 -63.5 -87.5 2 24.0 -63.7 267 46 398.3 398.3 305.0 398.4 0.00 57 100 16410 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.2 260 54 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 58 95 16731 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -58.9 259 53 420.8 420.8 307.8 420.8 0.00 59 87 17278 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 281 40 423.1 423.1 308.1 423.1 0.00 60 79 17871 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -63.9 275 27 432.9 432.9 309.1 432.9 0.00 61 77 18029 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -61.8 275 26 440.6 440.6 310.0 440.6 0.00 62 75 18192 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.6 275 25 444.4 444.4 310.3 444.4 0.00 63 72 18445 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.2 290 19 448.3 448.3 310.7 448.3 0.00 64 71 18532 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.1 299 16 452.7 452.7 311.1 452.7 0.00 65 70 18620 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 285 9 452.4 452.4 311.1 452.4 0.00 66 69 18709 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.6 290 8 453.0 453.0 311.1 453.0 0.00 67 56 19993 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.0 209 15 475.4 475.4 313.1 475.4 0.00 68 53 20330 -64.5 -90.5 2 26.0 -64.8 246 15 483.4 483.4 313.7 483.4 0.00 69 51 20567 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -62.1 321 14 495.3 495.3 314.6 495.3 0.00 70 50 20690 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.7 20 15 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 71 48 20942 -62.9 -88.9 2 26.0 -63.3 25 14 501.1 501.1 315.0 501.1 0.00 72 40 22070 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.7 16 1 532.4 532.4 317.1 532.4 0.00 73 38 22392 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.5 351 2 549.5 549.5 318.1 549.5 0.00 74 36 22732 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -60.0 330 5 553.9 553.9 318.3 553.9 0.00 75 36 22732 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.0 330 5 556.5 556.5 318.5 556.5 0.00 76 33 23279 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -60.0 313 12 567.8 567.8 319.0 567.9 0.00 77 30 23880 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.4 20 6 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.01 78 27 24548 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -57.3 115 3 610.9 610.9 321.1 611.0 0.01 79 25 25036 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -58.1 113 2 622.2 622.2 321.6 622.3 0.01 80 20 26470 -50.3 -85.3 1 35.0 -53.7 285 4 682.2 682.2 323.9 682.3 0.01 81 18 27158 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -53.4 274 6 705.6 705.6 324.6 705.7 0.02 82 14 28802 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -54.4 53 10 756.8 756.8 326.1 757.0 0.02 83 13 29289 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -53.2 77 11 780.7 780.7 326.8 780.9 0.02 84 12 29815 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -54.8 170 10 790.9 791.0 327.0 791.2 0.02 85 10 31020 -44.9 -83.9 0 39.0 -52.7 270 4 851.9 852.0 328.4 852.3 0.03 86 10 31020 -45.3 -84.3 0 39.0 -52.9 270 4 850.5 850.5 328.4 850.8 0.03 87 8.9 31805 -40.9 -81.9 0 41.0 -51.2 268 6 896.3 896.3 329.4 896.8 0.05 88 8.4 32197 -41.9 -82.9 0 41.0 -52.0 268 7 907.3 907.3 329.5 907.8 0.05 89 7.0 33450 -35.1 -78.1 0 43.0 -50.1 265 11 983.9 984.0 330.9 985.4 0.13 90 6.8 33652 -34.5 -77.5 0 43.0 -50.1 994.6 994.7 331.1 996.4 0.15 91 6.4 34076 -34.9 -77.9 0 43.0 -50.5 1010.3 1010.4 331.4 1012.1 0.15 92 6.2 34298 -33.5 -77.5 0 44.0 -50.3 1025.5 1025.6 331.6 1027.5 0.16 TRP 183 12672 -63.7 -76.7 15 13.0 -63.8 265 70 340.4 340.4 294.4 340.4 0.01 WND 206 11936 -58.9 -74.0 12 15.1 -59.0 265 73 336.7 336.7 293.5 336.7 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5678.00 m Freezing level: 618.52 mb = 4131.52 m = 13554.68 ft Wetbulb zero: 661.79 mb = 3586.26 m = 11765.80 ft Precipitable water: 1.36 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 57.64 % Est. max temperature: 27.87 C = 82.16 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 962.59 mb = 434.90 m = 1426.80 ft T: 17.16 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.40 C/km ThetaE index: 8.55 C Layer 743.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 960.83 mb = 450.73 m = 1478.77 ft Mean mixing ratio: 12.87 g/kg Conv temperature: 18.84 C = 65.92 F Cap Strength: 3.15 C Lifted Index: -2.08 C Risk: Severe thunderstorms possible Lifted Index @300 mb: -1.74 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.39 C Showalter Index: -4.13 C Risk: Severe thunderstorms possible Total Totals Index: 53.10 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 26.90 C Cross Totals Index: 26.20 C K Index: 30.20 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 486.89 Risk: Severe Thunderstorms possible Energy Index: -3.50 Risk: Severe Thunderstorms probable Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 621.73 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 35.26 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 176.30 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.95 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 928.25 mb = 749.66 m = 2459.50 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 613.25 mb = 4198.73 m = 13775.20 ft Equ Level (EL): 233.25 mb = 11147.66 m = 36573.23 ft B at Equ Level: 614.80 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 163.25 mb = 13380.62 m = 43899.14 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 256 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 981 270 130 11 -8.4 7.1 | 94 29 -29.1 2.0 1 943 610 150 25 -12.5 21.7 | 117 37 -33.2 16.6 2 925 780 165 30 -7.8 29.0 | 130 37 -28.5 23.9 3 911 914 170 30 -5.2 29.5 | 133 36 -25.9 24.5 4 879 1219 190 29 5.0 28.6 | 146 28 -15.7 23.5 5 850 1501 190 28 4.9 27.6 | 145 28 -15.8 22.5 6 817 1829 195 32 8.3 30.9 | 154 29 -12.4 25.8 7 788 2134 210 30 15.0 26.0 | 165 22 -5.7 20.9 8 760 2438 215 31 17.8 25.4 | 172 21 -2.9 20.3 9 733 2743 220 32 20.6 24.5 | 180 19 -0.1 19.4 10 707 3048 235 26 21.3 14.9 | 184 10 0.6 9.8 11 700 3128 230 21 16.1 13.5 | 151 10 -4.6 8.4 12 655 3658 225 21 14.8 14.8 | 149 11 -5.8 9.8 13 606 4267 255 27 26.1 7.0 | 250 6 5.4 1.9 14 561 4877 250 25 23.5 8.6 | 219 4 2.8 3.5 15 500 5790 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 254 18 17.0 5.0 16 480 6096 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 265 16 15.7 1.3 17 461 6401 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 273 24 24.1 -1.2 18 400 7460 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 275 18 18.2 -1.7 19 391 7620 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 275 18 18.2 -1.7 20 374 7925 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 279 13 13.2 -2.1 21 315 9144 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 263 24 23.6 2.7 22 300 9480 265 50 49.8 4.4 | 271 29 29.1 -0.7 23 250 10700 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 270 41 41.1 0.3 24 206 11936 265 73 72.7 6.4 | 269 52 52.0 1.3 25 200 12120 265 71 70.7 6.2 | 269 50 50.0 1.1 26 198 12192 265 73 72.7 6.4 | 269 52 52.0 1.3 27 183 12672 265 70 69.7 6.1 | 269 49 49.0 1.0 28 150 13910 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 278 35 34.3 -5.1 29 133 14630 275 59 58.8 -5.1 | 285 39 38.1 -10.2 30 121 15240 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 272 26 26.1 -1.0 31 115 15545 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 246 33 30.1 13.4 32 104 16154 270 44 44.0 -0.0 | 282 24 23.3 -5.1 33 100 16410 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 262 33 32.5 4.3 34 99 16459 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 254 26 24.7 7.1 35 94 16764 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 262 33 32.5 4.3 36 86 17374 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 314 21 15.0 -14.7 37 81 17678 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 313 11 8.2 -7.6 38 74 18288 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 336 8 3.2 -7.2 39 70 18593 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 35 16 -9.2 -13.1 40 70 18620 285 9 8.7 -2.3 | 58 14 -12.0 -7.4 41 67 18898 300 6 5.2 -3.0 | 62 17 -15.5 -8.1 42 64 19202 270 17 17.0 -0.0 | 36 6 -3.7 -5.1 43 61 19507 275 14 13.9 -1.2 | 47 9 -6.7 -6.3 44 58 19812 170 10 -1.7 9.8 | 102 23 -22.4 4.8 45 55 20117 235 19 15.6 10.9 | 139 8 -5.1 5.8 46 52 20422 250 13 12.2 4.4 | 86 8 -8.5 -0.6 47 50 20690 20 15 -5.1 -14.1 | 53 32 -25.8 -19.2 48 50 20726 335 18 7.6 -16.3 | 31 25 -13.1 -21.4 49 47 21031 45 13 -9.2 -9.2 | 64 33 -29.9 -14.3 50 45 21336 90 5 -5.0 0.0 | 79 26 -25.7 -5.1 51 39 22250 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 76 21 -20.7 -5.1 52 34 23165 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 49 17 -12.5 -10.8 53 32 23470 325 14 8.0 -11.5 | 37 21 -12.7 -16.5 54 31 23774 60 11 -9.5 -5.5 | 71 32 -30.2 -10.6 55 30 23880 20 6 -2.1 -5.6 | 65 25 -22.7 -10.7 56 28 24384 115 3 -2.7 1.3 | 81 24 -23.4 -3.8 57 21 26213 110 1 -0.9 0.3 | 78 22 -21.6 -4.7 58 20 26470 285 4 3.9 -1.0 | 70 18 -16.8 -6.1 59 17 27432 270 7 7.0 -0.0 | 70 15 -13.7 -5.1 60 16 27737 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 55 13 -11.0 -7.7 61 15 28346 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 52 24 -19.0 -14.9 62 14 28651 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 66 30 -27.8 -12.1 63 12 29566 90 12 -12.0 0.0 | 81 33 -32.7 -5.1 64 12 29870 185 10 0.9 10.0 | 104 20 -19.8 4.9 65 11 30175 170 1 -0.2 1.0 | 79 21 -20.9 -4.1 66 10 31020 270 4 4.0 -0.0 | 73 17 -16.7 -5.1 67 7 33450 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 67 11 -9.7 -4.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 226.2 at 28.4 knts Storm direction: 256.2 at 21.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.3 neg: 0.0 tot: 4.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 56.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 379.7 neg: -18.4 tot: 361.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 120.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.57 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.1 stream: 6.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 1.37 Bulk Rich Number: 4.84 Bulk Shear: 128.33 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 150 21 113 34| 22.1 0.0 22.1|196.2 0.0 196.2 392.4 0.91| 24.2 22.0 1000 166 25 126 33| 13.0 0.0 13.0|281.9 0.0 281.9 281.9 0.84| 19.0 16.0 1500 175 27 133 31| 9.7 0.0 9.7|309.4 -3.7 305.7 203.8 0.83| 14.2 11.8 2000 184 28 140 29| 8.0 0.0 8.0|352.6 -3.7 349.0 174.5 0.79| 13.3 10.5 2500 191 28 146 27| 6.9 0.0 6.9|375.9 -3.7 372.2 148.9 0.80| 11.7 9.3 3000 197 28 150 25| 4.3 0.0 4.3|379.7 -18.4 361.2 120.4 0.57| 12.1 6.9 4000 206 27 154 21| 4.4 0.0 4.4|401.4 -19.1 382.3 95.6 0.61| 11.0 6.7 5000 216 27 163 17| 4.1 0.3 4.4|406.3 -22.6 383.7 76.7 0.55| 9.7 5.4 6000 226 28 179 15| 4.4 0.2 4.7|436.7 -22.6 414.1 69.0 0.53| 9.5 5.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KTOP/skewt/KTOP.skewt.20250428.00.gif