UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 10 DEC 25 Searching for KIAD... Searching the city database file for: KIAD ... Date:1200Z 10 DEC 25 Station: KIAD WMO ident: 72403 Latitude: 38.95 Longitude: -77.45 Elevation: 98.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 69 190 9 SFC 998 98 -0.3 -2.7 84 2.4 -1.2 190 9 273.0 273.5 272.1 281.5 3.13 2 961 392 -2.9 -3.3 97 0.4 -3.0 206 22 273.3 273.9 272.2 281.8 3.11 3 954 449 -2.7 -3.4 95 0.7 -3.0 207 24 274.1 274.6 272.7 282.6 3.11 4 949 490 -1.1 -4.5 78 3.4 -2.4 208 26 276.2 276.6 273.5 284.1 2.88 5 945 523 1.8 -6.2 55 8.0 -1.2 209 27 279.4 279.9 274.9 286.6 2.54 6 943 540 2.6 -6.4 51 9.0 -0.7 209 28 280.4 280.8 275.4 287.5 2.51 7 933 625 3.2 -7.8 44 11.0 -0.8 212 29 281.9 282.3 275.8 288.4 2.27 8 927 676 3.6 -6.4 48 10.0 -0.2 218 24 282.8 283.3 276.7 290.1 2.55 9 925 693 4.6 -6.4 45 11.0 0.3 220 22 284.0 284.5 277.3 291.4 2.56 10 921 728 5.6 -5.4 45 11.0 1.2 225 22 285.4 285.9 278.3 293.4 2.77 11 902 899 5.2 -4.8 48 10.0 1.1 248 24 286.7 287.2 279.2 295.3 2.96 12 888 1027 5.8 -3.2 52 9.0 1.9 248 28 288.6 289.2 280.7 298.4 3.40 13 883 1073 6.4 -3.6 49 10.0 2.1 247 30 289.7 290.3 281.0 299.3 3.31 14 862 1270 5.8 -5.2 45 11.0 1.2 245 37 291.1 291.6 281.3 299.9 3.01 15 850 1385 5.0 -6.0 45 11.0 0.5 245 40 291.4 291.9 281.3 299.9 2.87 16 717 2744 -6.5 -9.5 79 3.0 -7.6 240 50 293.3 293.7 281.8 301.0 2.59 17 711 2810 -6.9 -10.4 76 3.5 -8.1 242 49 293.5 294.0 281.7 300.8 2.43 18 707 2854 -6.5 -10.5 73 4.0 -7.9 243 49 294.4 294.9 282.1 301.8 2.43 19 700 2932 -6.9 -10.7 74 3.8 -8.2 245 48 294.8 295.3 282.3 302.1 2.41 20 635 3686 -11.7 -12.7 92 1.0 -12.1 265 45 297.7 298.1 283.2 304.7 2.27 21 603 4080 -14.3 -15.8 88 1.5 -14.7 265 42 299.1 299.5 283.4 304.9 1.85 22 590 4245 -15.5 -16.0 96 0.5 -15.6 265 41 299.6 300.0 283.5 305.4 1.86 23 569 4518 -17.1 -18.6 88 1.5 -17.5 265 42 300.9 301.1 283.7 305.8 1.55 24 538 4936 -19.9 -20.2 97 0.3 -20.0 267 44 302.4 302.6 284.1 306.9 1.43 25 531 5033 -18.7 -20.4 86 1.7 -19.1 272 46 304.9 305.2 285.1 309.5 1.42 26 512 5304 -19.7 -22.7 77 3.0 -20.4 278 52 306.9 307.2 285.7 310.9 1.20 27 510 5333 -19.7 -23.0 75 3.3 -20.4 278 52 307.3 307.5 285.7 311.1 1.18 28 508 5362 -19.9 -23.3 74 3.4 -20.7 277 52 307.4 307.6 285.7 311.2 1.15 29 506 5392 -20.1 -23.4 75 3.3 -20.8 277 53 307.5 307.7 285.8 311.3 1.15 30 500 5480 -20.7 -24.1 74 3.4 -21.4 275 54 307.8 308.0 285.8 311.4 1.09 31 480 5780 -22.7 -26.8 69 4.1 -23.5 273 56 308.9 309.1 286.0 311.9 0.89 32 469 5949 -23.9 -26.7 78 2.8 -24.4 271 58 309.5 309.7 286.2 312.6 0.92 33 448 6281 -26.5 -30.7 68 4.2 -27.2 271 61 310.3 310.4 286.2 312.6 0.66 34 415 6829 -29.9 -31.6 85 1.7 -30.2 274 69 312.8 312.9 287.1 315.1 0.65 35 404 7020 -31.1 -34.4 73 3.3 -31.5 275 71 313.7 313.8 287.2 315.5 0.51 36 400 7090 -31.9 -34.8 75 2.9 -32.3 275 72 313.5 313.6 287.2 315.3 0.50 37 391 7250 -33.1 -37.2 67 4.1 -33.6 275 74 314.0 314.1 287.2 315.4 0.40 38 386 7341 -34.1 -38.1 67 4.0 -34.5 275 76 313.9 313.9 287.1 315.2 0.37 39 374 7561 -35.5 -39.8 65 4.3 -35.9 275 79 314.8 314.9 287.4 316.0 0.32 40 365 7730 -36.1 -39.1 74 3.0 -36.4 275 82 316.2 316.3 287.9 317.5 0.35 41 362 7788 -36.5 -39.9 71 3.4 -36.8 275 83 316.5 316.5 288.0 317.6 0.33 42 361 7807 -36.3 -40.7 64 4.4 -36.7 275 83 317.0 317.0 288.1 318.1 0.30 43 358 7864 -36.7 -42.7 54 6.0 -37.2 275 84 317.2 317.2 288.1 318.1 0.25 44 351 8001 -37.9 -43.9 53 6.0 -38.4 275 86 317.4 317.4 288.2 318.2 0.22 45 332 8381 -41.5 -45.3 67 3.8 -41.8 275 93 317.5 317.6 288.2 318.3 0.20 46 327 8484 -42.5 -48.5 52 6.0 -42.8 275 95 317.5 317.6 288.1 318.1 0.14 47 325 8525 -42.7 -47.7 58 5.0 -43.0 275 95 317.8 317.8 288.2 318.4 0.16 48 322 8588 -43.3 -49.3 52 6.0 -43.6 275 97 317.8 317.9 288.2 318.3 0.13 49 313 8778 -45.1 -51.1 51 6.0 -45.4 275 100 317.9 317.9 288.2 318.3 0.11 50 312 8799 -45.3 -51.3 51 6.0 -45.6 275 100 317.9 317.9 288.2 318.3 0.11 51 308 8885 -45.7 -52.7 45 7.0 -46.0 275 102 318.5 318.6 288.4 318.9 0.09 52 301 9038 -46.9 -51.9 57 5.0 -47.1 275 105 318.9 319.0 288.5 319.4 0.11 53 300 9060 -47.1 -53.1 50 6.0 -47.3 275 105 319.0 319.0 288.5 319.3 0.09 54 295 9172 -47.9 -53.9 50 6.0 -48.1 275 103 319.4 319.4 288.6 319.7 0.08 55 293 9217 -47.7 -53.7 50 6.0 -47.9 275 104 320.3 320.3 288.9 320.6 0.09 56 285 9400 -48.9 -53.0 62 4.1 -49.0 274 107 321.1 321.1 289.2 321.5 0.10 57 250 10250 -55.9 -60.5 56 4.6 -56.0 270 120 323.0 323.0 289.7 323.1 0.04 58 238 10562 -58.3 -63.0 55 4.7 -58.4 270 126 323.8 323.9 290.0 324.0 0.03 59 227 10859 -60.7 -65.5 53 4.8 -60.7 275 121 324.7 324.7 290.2 324.8 0.03 60 200 11650 -60.1 -77.1 9 17.0 -60.2 275 103 337.6 337.6 293.7 337.6 0.01 61 150 13450 -58.9 -83.9 3 25.0 -59.1 265 70 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.00 62 100 15950 -64.1 -86.1 3 22.0 -64.3 265 76 403.9 403.9 305.7 403.9 0.00 63 95 16263 -64.9 -86.9 3 22.0 -65.1 267 79 408.3 408.3 306.3 408.3 0.00 64 90 16595 -62.9 -86.9 3 24.0 -63.1 270 82 418.6 418.6 307.6 418.6 0.00 65 84 17016 -65.7 -87.7 3 22.0 -65.9 272 77 421.3 421.3 307.9 421.3 0.00 66 80 17313 -65.9 -87.9 3 22.0 -66.1 273 74 426.8 426.8 308.5 426.8 0.00 67 77 17546 -63.1 -88.1 2 25.0 -63.4 273 71 437.3 437.3 309.6 437.3 0.00 68 70 18130 -64.7 -87.7 3 23.0 -64.9 275 65 446.0 446.0 310.5 446.0 0.00 69 68 18306 -65.5 -88.5 3 23.0 -65.7 275 66 448.0 448.0 310.7 448.0 0.00 70 65 18581 -65.1 -89.1 2 24.0 -65.3 275 56 454.6 454.6 311.3 454.7 0.00 71 63 18772 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.3 275 59 465.8 465.8 312.3 465.8 0.00 72 52 19950 -65.1 -89.1 2 24.0 -65.4 275 42 484.6 484.6 313.8 484.6 0.00 73 51 20068 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.7 272 44 491.5 491.5 314.3 491.5 0.00 74 50 20190 -63.3 -88.3 2 25.0 -63.7 265 52 494.3 494.3 314.5 494.3 0.00 75 48 20440 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.1 265 51 499.2 499.2 314.9 499.2 0.00 76 45 20838 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -62.0 265 50 513.8 513.8 315.9 513.8 0.00 77 42 21264 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.8 257 39 522.1 522.1 316.4 522.1 0.00 78 40 21566 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.7 256 41 532.4 532.4 317.1 532.4 0.00 79 36 22216 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.8 259 56 543.0 543.0 317.7 543.0 0.00 80 32 22942 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -62.2 257 53 566.4 566.4 319.0 566.5 0.00 81 30 23340 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.3 265 63 571.0 571.0 319.2 571.0 0.00 82 27 23985 -65.1 -90.1 2 25.0 -65.7 265 55 584.5 584.5 319.9 584.5 0.00 83 25 24458 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -63.3 267 55 605.0 605.0 320.8 605.0 0.01 84 24 24714 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -59.0 268 62 626.6 626.6 321.7 626.7 0.01 85 21 25567 -52.9 -84.9 1 32.0 -55.5 253 55 664.9 664.9 323.2 665.0 0.01 86 20 25880 -56.3 -85.3 1 29.0 -58.2 245 57 663.8 663.8 323.2 663.9 0.01 87 19 26205 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -59.1 245 63 670.5 670.6 323.4 670.6 0.01 88 18 26547 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -60.0 246 68 677.8 677.8 323.7 677.9 0.01 89 18 26547 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -60.0 246 68 677.8 677.8 323.7 677.9 0.01 90 17 26908 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -59.2 252 66 692.9 692.9 324.2 692.9 0.01 91 14 28130 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -61.4 258 59 724.3 724.3 325.2 724.4 0.01 92 13 28598 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -58.6 256 64 753.0 753.0 326.0 753.1 0.02 93 12 29108 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -58.9 254 70 769.7 769.7 326.5 769.8 0.02 94 12 29108 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -57.6 254 70 776.1 776.1 326.7 776.2 0.02 95 11 29666 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -58.2 252 76 793.4 793.5 327.1 793.6 0.02 96 11 29666 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -56.9 252 76 800.7 800.7 327.3 800.9 0.02 97 11 29666 -50.3 -84.3 1 34.0 -55.4 252 76 809.4 809.4 327.5 809.7 0.03 98 10 30300 -42.1 -80.1 1 38.0 -51.2 245 66 862.4 862.4 328.7 863.1 0.07 99 10 30300 -41.7 -79.7 1 38.0 -51.0 245 66 863.9 863.9 328.7 864.6 0.07 100 9.1 30933 -44.7 -80.7 1 36.0 -52.9 242 63 876.0 876.0 329.0 876.7 0.07 101 8.1 31702 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -56.1 239 60 885.8 885.9 329.1 886.3 0.04 102 7.7 32034 -48.1 -83.1 1 35.0 -55.4 238 58 905.2 905.2 329.5 905.7 0.05 103 7.0 32660 -48.7 -82.7 1 34.0 -56.1 235 55 927.7 927.8 329.9 928.4 0.06 104 6.5 33144 -52.1 -84.1 1 32.0 -58.2 933.2 933.3 330.1 933.8 0.05 105 6.0 33664 -49.9 -83.9 1 34.0 -57.3 964.4 964.4 330.6 965.0 0.06 TRP 227 10859 -60.7 -65.5 53 4.8 -60.7 275 121 324.7 324.7 290.2 324.8 0.03 WND 238 10562 -58.3 -63.0 55 4.7 -58.4 270 126 323.8 323.9 290.0 324.0 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5411.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Freezing level: 947.48 mb = 502.62 m = 1649.00 ft Freezing level: 792.17 mb = 1976.08 m = 6483.14 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.53 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 74.53 % Est. max temperature: 18.10 C = 64.57 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 961.19 mb = 390.85 m = 1282.30 ft T: -2.89 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.42 C/km ThetaE index: 0.18 C Layer 711.0- 707.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 670.67 mb = 3262.93 m = 10705.02 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.89 g/kg Conv temperature: 22.79 C = 73.02 F Cap Strength: 17.73 C Lifted Index: 17.89 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 22.78 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.83 C Showalter Index: 8.34 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 40.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 25.70 C Cross Totals Index: 14.70 C K Index: 15.90 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 221.50 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.32 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 76.23 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 12.35 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 60526.49 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.80 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 864.29 mb = 1248.66 m = 4096.59 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 285 at 32 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 998 98 190 9 1.6 8.9 | 120 34 -29.5 17.1 1 972 305 205 18 7.6 16.3 | 136 34 -23.5 24.5 2 935 610 210 31 15.5 26.8 | 156 38 -15.6 35.1 3 925 693 220 22 14.1 16.9 | 146 30 -17.0 25.1 4 900 914 250 24 22.6 8.2 | 153 19 -8.5 16.4 5 867 1219 245 35 31.7 14.8 | 182 23 0.6 23.0 6 850 1385 245 40 36.3 16.9 | 192 26 5.2 25.1 7 804 1829 235 46 37.7 26.4 | 191 35 6.6 34.6 8 774 2134 240 49 42.4 24.5 | 199 35 11.3 32.7 9 745 2438 240 50 43.3 25.0 | 200 35 12.2 33.2 10 717 2743 240 50 43.3 25.0 | 200 35 12.2 33.2 11 700 2932 245 48 43.5 20.3 | 204 31 12.4 28.5 12 636 3658 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 229 18 13.7 12.1 13 587 4267 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 220 15 9.8 11.8 14 541 4877 265 43 42.8 3.7 | 224 17 11.7 12.0 15 520 5182 280 50 49.2 -8.7 | 271 18 18.1 -0.5 16 500 5480 275 54 53.8 -4.7 | 261 23 22.7 3.5 17 459 6096 270 59 59.0 -0.0 | 254 29 27.9 8.2 18 400 7090 275 72 71.7 -6.3 | 267 41 40.6 2.0 19 370 7620 275 80 79.7 -7.0 | 269 49 48.6 1.3 20 300 9060 275 105 104.6 -9.2 | 271 74 73.5 -0.9 21 296 9144 275 103 102.6 -9.0 | 271 72 71.5 -0.8 22 250 10250 270 120 120.0 -0.0 | 265 89 88.9 8.2 23 238 10562 270 126 126.0 -0.0 | 265 95 94.9 8.2 24 234 10668 270 126 126.0 -0.0 | 265 95 94.9 8.2 25 227 10859 275 121 120.5 -10.5 | 271 89 89.4 -2.3 26 200 11650 275 103 102.6 -9.0 | 271 72 71.5 -0.8 27 193 11887 275 102 101.6 -8.9 | 271 71 70.5 -0.7 28 183 12192 275 84 83.7 -7.3 | 269 53 52.6 0.9 29 166 12802 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 254 57 54.6 15.7 30 150 13450 265 70 69.7 6.1 | 250 41 38.6 14.3 31 144 13716 265 69 68.7 6.0 | 249 40 37.6 14.2 32 124 14630 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 269 52 51.6 1.0 33 112 15240 265 73 72.7 6.4 | 251 44 41.6 14.6 34 107 15545 265 64 63.8 5.6 | 247 35 32.7 13.8 35 100 15950 265 76 75.7 6.6 | 252 47 44.6 14.8 36 97 16154 265 76 75.7 6.6 | 252 47 44.6 14.8 37 92 16459 270 83 83.0 -0.0 | 261 53 51.9 8.2 38 70 18130 275 65 64.8 -5.7 | 266 34 33.7 2.6 39 68 18288 275 67 66.7 -5.8 | 266 36 35.7 2.4 40 65 18593 275 56 55.8 -4.9 | 262 25 24.7 3.3 41 62 18898 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 264 30 29.7 2.9 42 56 19507 290 46 43.2 -15.7 | 302 14 12.1 -7.5 43 53 19812 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 259 7 7.3 1.5 44 51 20117 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 239 16 13.9 8.2 45 50 20190 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 238 24 20.7 12.8 46 44 21031 265 50 49.8 4.4 | 236 23 18.7 12.6 47 42 21336 255 36 34.8 9.3 | 192 18 3.7 17.5 48 34 22555 260 64 63.0 11.1 | 239 37 31.9 19.3 49 31 23165 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 215 25 14.3 20.4 50 30 23340 265 63 62.8 5.5 | 247 35 31.7 13.7 51 25 24384 265 51 50.8 4.4 | 237 23 19.7 12.7 52 24 24689 270 62 62.0 -0.0 | 255 32 30.9 8.2 53 23 24994 260 65 64.0 11.3 | 239 38 32.9 19.5 54 22 25298 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 231 28 22.1 17.6 55 20 25880 245 57 51.7 24.1 | 212 38 20.6 32.3 56 18 26518 245 68 61.6 28.7 | 220 48 30.5 37.0 57 16 27432 260 64 63.0 11.1 | 239 37 31.9 19.3 58 15 27737 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 231 28 22.1 17.6 59 10 30175 250 82 77.1 28.0 | 232 59 46.0 36.3 60 10 30300 245 66 59.8 27.9 | 218 46 28.7 36.1 61 7 32660 235 55 45.1 31.5 | 199 42 14.0 39.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 254.8 at 42.9 knts Storm direction: 284.8 at 32.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.1 neg: 3.2 tot: 8.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 88.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 389.6 neg: -52.4 tot: 337.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 112.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.52 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 14.2 stream: 7.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.16 Bulk Rich Number: 0.52 Bulk Shear: 147.87 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 206 20 139 34| 22.9 0.0 22.9|200.4 0.0 200.4 400.8 0.97| 23.0 22.2 1000 222 23 147 30| 13.8 0.0 13.8|253.0 -48.4 204.6 204.6 0.51| 25.7 13.1 1500 232 28 160 27| 9.2 4.5 13.6|301.9 -48.8 253.2 168.8 0.52| 21.9 11.5 2000 234 32 170 28| 6.9 4.8 11.7|342.2 -52.4 289.7 144.9 0.51| 18.7 9.6 2500 236 36 177 28| 5.8 3.9 9.7|353.7 -52.4 301.3 120.5 0.52| 15.3 8.0 3000 237 38 182 29| 5.1 3.2 8.3|389.6 -52.4 337.2 112.4 0.52| 14.2 7.4 4000 244 40 190 26| 4.1 2.4 6.5|438.0 -60.0 378.0 94.5 0.50| 12.6 6.3 5000 249 40 196 24| 4.3 1.9 6.3|487.1 -62.9 424.1 84.8 0.54| 11.4 6.2 6000 255 43 208 22| 3.6 2.6 6.2|504.3-105.4 398.9 66.5 0.44| 11.0 4.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KIAD/skewt/KIAD.skewt.20251210.12.gif