UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025123012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 30 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 30 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 70 SFC 981 215 -6.3 -10.6 72 4.3 -7.5 280 20 268.3 268.6 266.7 273.1 1.73 2 979 231 -6.3 -12.3 62 6.0 -7.9 280 21 268.5 268.7 266.5 272.7 1.52 3 925 676 -10.7 -13.9 77 3.2 -11.5 285 36 268.4 268.6 266.2 272.3 1.41 4 903 861 -12.5 -14.4 86 1.9 -12.9 289 36 268.4 268.6 266.1 272.2 1.39 5 875 1101 -14.3 -15.9 88 1.6 -14.6 293 43 268.9 269.1 266.3 272.5 1.26 6 869 1153 -14.7 -16.5 86 1.8 -15.1 294 45 269.0 269.2 266.3 272.4 1.21 7 850 1320 -16.1 -17.6 88 1.5 -16.4 290 48 269.3 269.5 266.3 272.5 1.13 8 815 1635 -18.5 -18.6 99 0.1 -18.5 285 49 270.0 270.2 266.7 273.0 1.08 9 767 2084 -22.3 -22.7 97 0.4 -22.4 293 52 270.6 270.8 266.7 272.9 0.80 10 762 2132 -22.7 -23.5 93 0.8 -22.8 295 53 270.7 270.8 266.6 272.9 0.75 11 759 2161 -22.7 -27.7 64 5.0 -23.4 296 53 271.0 271.1 266.4 272.5 0.52 12 757 2180 -22.7 -33.7 36 11.0 -23.8 297 53 271.2 271.3 266.1 272.1 0.29 13 755 2200 -22.5 -34.5 33 12.0 -23.7 298 52 271.6 271.7 266.3 272.5 0.27 14 743 2317 -22.9 -36.9 27 14.0 -24.2 304 51 272.4 272.5 266.8 273.1 0.22 15 723 2517 -22.1 -40.1 18 18.0 -23.7 310 52 275.5 275.5 268.6 276.0 0.16 16 700 2755 -22.3 -43.3 13 21.0 -24.0 310 56 277.8 277.8 270.0 278.2 0.12 17 690 2861 -22.3 -44.3 12 22.0 -24.1 309 56 278.9 279.0 270.7 279.3 0.11 18 686 2903 -22.5 -32.5 40 10.0 -23.7 308 56 279.2 279.2 271.3 280.3 0.36 19 685 2914 -22.5 -34.5 33 12.0 -23.8 308 56 279.3 279.3 271.3 280.2 0.30 20 681 2957 -22.7 -27.2 67 4.5 -23.4 308 56 279.5 279.6 271.9 281.4 0.60 21 672 3055 -22.5 -30.5 48 8.0 -23.5 307 56 280.8 280.9 272.4 282.2 0.45 22 663 3154 -22.7 -31.7 44 9.0 -23.8 306 56 281.7 281.8 272.9 283.0 0.41 23 651 3288 -23.7 -31.7 48 8.0 -24.6 304 56 282.0 282.1 273.1 283.3 0.41 24 616 3690 -25.5 -36.5 35 11.0 -26.6 300 56 284.5 284.5 274.2 285.3 0.27 25 593 3965 -27.3 -39.3 31 12.0 -28.3 300 52 285.5 285.5 274.6 286.2 0.21 26 572 4224 -29.1 -40.1 34 11.0 -30.0 300 49 286.3 286.4 275.1 287.0 0.20 27 567 4287 -29.7 -41.7 30 12.0 -30.6 300 48 286.3 286.4 275.0 286.9 0.17 28 565 4312 -29.9 -44.9 22 15.0 -30.9 300 49 286.4 286.4 275.0 286.8 0.12 29 560 4375 -29.5 -62.5 3 33.0 -30.9 301 51 287.6 287.6 275.5 287.7 0.02 30 553 4465 -29.1 -57.1 5 28.0 -30.4 302 54 289.1 289.1 276.3 289.2 0.03 31 500 5180 -32.7 -50.7 15 18.0 -33.7 300 66 293.2 293.2 278.3 293.4 0.07 32 490 5322 -33.3 -50.3 17 17.0 -34.2 299 66 294.1 294.1 278.8 294.4 0.08 33 489 5336 -33.5 -48.5 21 15.0 -34.4 299 66 294.1 294.1 278.8 294.4 0.10 34 477 5509 -34.7 -45.7 32 11.0 -35.4 298 66 294.7 294.7 279.1 295.1 0.13 35 467 5656 -36.1 -50.1 22 14.0 -36.8 297 66 294.7 294.7 279.1 295.0 0.08 36 454 5851 -37.5 -50.5 25 13.0 -38.1 296 66 295.4 295.4 279.4 295.6 0.08 37 452 5881 -37.5 -46.5 39 9.0 -38.0 296 66 295.7 295.8 279.6 296.2 0.13 38 451 5897 -37.5 -48.5 31 11.0 -38.1 296 66 295.9 295.9 279.7 296.3 0.10 39 448 5942 -37.7 -46.7 38 9.0 -38.2 296 66 296.2 296.3 279.8 296.7 0.13 40 446 5973 -38.1 -49.1 31 11.0 -38.7 296 66 296.1 296.1 279.7 296.5 0.10 41 436 6128 -39.5 -45.5 53 6.0 -39.8 295 66 296.3 296.3 279.9 296.8 0.15 42 429 6238 -40.7 -45.3 61 4.6 -40.9 296 67 296.1 296.1 279.8 296.6 0.16 43 413 6495 -42.5 -48.5 52 6.0 -42.8 298 69 297.0 297.0 280.2 297.4 0.11 44 410 6544 -42.7 -53.7 29 11.0 -43.1 299 70 297.4 297.4 280.3 297.6 0.06 45 408 6577 -43.1 -53.1 32 10.0 -43.5 299 70 297.3 297.3 280.3 297.5 0.07 46 400 6710 -44.1 -54.1 32 10.0 -44.4 300 66 297.7 297.7 280.4 297.9 0.06 47 392 6846 -45.1 -56.1 28 11.0 -45.4 296 64 298.1 298.1 280.6 298.3 0.05 48 390 6880 -45.1 -57.1 25 12.0 -45.4 295 64 298.5 298.5 280.7 298.7 0.04 49 388 6914 -44.7 -65.7 8 21.0 -45.1 295 64 299.5 299.5 281.1 299.5 0.01 50 376 7125 -44.5 -65.5 8 21.0 -44.9 295 61 302.5 302.5 282.4 302.5 0.02 51 317 8263 -47.3 -71.3 5 24.0 -47.7 282 48 313.7 313.7 286.6 313.7 0.01 52 300 8630 -45.7 -76.7 2 31.0 -46.2 275 43 320.9 320.9 289.0 321.0 0.00 53 298 8674 -45.3 -77.3 2 32.0 -45.9 274 42 322.1 322.1 289.4 322.1 0.00 54 250 9830 -49.9 -80.9 1 31.0 -50.3 265 54 331.9 331.9 292.2 331.9 0.00 55 245 9962 -50.7 -80.7 2 30.0 -51.1 267 54 332.6 332.6 292.4 332.6 0.00 56 230 10376 -49.5 -81.5 1 32.0 -50.0 275 53 340.5 340.5 294.4 340.5 0.00 57 223 10579 -51.1 -82.1 1 31.0 -51.5 278 53 341.1 341.1 294.6 341.1 0.00 58 200 11290 -50.3 -83.3 1 33.0 -50.8 265 57 353.1 353.1 297.3 353.1 0.00 59 150 13160 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -52.8 260 55 380.0 380.0 302.2 380.0 0.00 60 120 14601 -54.0 -86.0 1 32.0 -54.5 255 74 402.0 402.0 305.5 402.0 0.00 61 100 15770 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -55.8 265 55 420.9 420.9 307.8 420.9 0.00 62 96 16030 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -56.2 265 55 425.0 425.0 308.3 425.0 0.00 63 94 16165 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -54.9 265 55 430.4 430.4 308.9 430.4 0.00 TRP 390 6880 -45.1 -57.1 25 12.0 -45.4 295 64 298.5 298.5 280.7 298.7 0.04 WND 120 14601 -54.0 -86.0 1 32.0 -54.5 255 74 402.0 402.0 305.5 402.0 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5110.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.14 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 49.05 % Est. max temperature: -4.96 C = 23.07 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 916.22 mb = 749.21 m = 2458.00 ft T: -11.41 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.29 C/km ThetaE index: 0.95 C Layer 767.0- 755.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 871.62 mb = 1129.98 m = 3707.25 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.42 g/kg Conv temperature: -5.63 C = 21.86 F Cap Strength: 14.50 C Lifted Index: 17.26 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 34.44 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.27 C Showalter Index: 17.20 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 31.70 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.60 C Cross Totals Index: 15.10 C K Index: -22.00 Risk: None Sweat Index: 162.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.39 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 0.97 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 1.39 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 22599.97 J/kg Cap Strength: 16.77 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 878.83 mb = 1067.39 m = 3501.88 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 328 at 40 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 981 215 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 178 31 -1.3 30.7 1 933 610 285 36 34.8 -9.3 | 209 28 13.8 24.9 2 925 676 285 36 34.8 -9.3 | 209 28 13.8 24.9 3 896 914 290 36 33.8 -12.3 | 210 25 12.8 21.9 4 861 1219 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 236 26 21.6 14.3 5 850 1320 290 48 45.1 -16.4 | 234 30 24.1 17.8 6 827 1524 285 49 47.3 -12.7 | 231 34 26.3 21.5 7 793 1829 285 48 46.4 -12.4 | 229 33 25.4 21.8 8 761 2134 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 246 30 27.0 11.8 9 731 2438 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 263 17 17.3 2.0 10 701 2743 310 56 42.9 -36.0 | 275 22 21.9 -1.8 11 700 2755 310 56 42.9 -36.0 | 275 22 21.9 -1.8 12 618 3658 300 56 48.5 -28.0 | 257 28 27.5 6.2 13 568 4267 300 48 41.6 -24.0 | 244 23 20.6 10.2 14 521 4877 305 69 56.5 -39.6 | 279 36 35.5 -5.4 15 500 5180 300 66 57.2 -33.0 | 268 36 36.2 1.2 16 437 6096 295 66 59.8 -27.9 | 261 39 38.8 6.3 17 400 6706 300 71 61.5 -35.5 | 272 41 40.5 -1.3 18 400 6710 300 66 57.2 -33.0 | 268 36 36.2 1.2 19 390 6880 295 64 58.0 -27.0 | 259 38 37.0 7.1 20 349 7620 295 56 50.8 -23.7 | 251 32 29.8 10.5 21 300 8630 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 216 37 21.9 30.4 22 291 8839 270 39 39.0 -0.0 | 208 39 18.0 34.2 23 277 9144 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 209 48 23.3 42.0 24 250 9830 265 54 53.8 4.7 | 220 51 32.8 38.9 25 210 10973 285 52 50.2 -13.5 | 235 36 29.2 20.7 26 200 11290 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 222 53 35.8 39.1 27 191 11582 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 222 53 35.8 39.1 28 174 12192 270 64 64.0 -0.0 | 232 55 43.0 34.2 29 151 13106 270 50 50.0 -0.0 | 220 45 29.0 34.2 30 150 13160 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 217 55 33.2 43.7 31 125 14326 250 65 61.1 22.2 | 215 69 40.1 56.4 32 120 14601 255 74 71.5 19.2 | 223 73 50.5 53.3 33 114 14935 255 74 71.5 19.2 | 223 73 50.5 53.3 34 109 15240 265 68 67.7 5.9 | 229 62 46.8 40.1 35 104 15545 270 62 62.0 -0.0 | 230 53 41.0 34.2 36 100 15770 265 55 54.8 4.8 | 221 52 33.8 39.0 37 92 16154 265 55 54.8 4.8 | 221 52 33.8 39.0 38 86 16459 270 52 52.0 -0.0 | 222 46 31.0 34.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 298.5 at 53.5 knts Storm direction: 328.5 at 40.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.5 neg: 2.3 tot: 9.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 87.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 340.2 neg: -51.9 tot: 288.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 96.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.55 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.6 stream: 6.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.01 Bulk Shear: 88.65 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 284 30 196 28| 16.7 0.0 16.7|123.3 0.0 123.3 246.6 0.96| 17.2 16.5 1000 288 35 207 26| 14.4 0.0 14.4|203.3 0.0 203.3 203.3 0.91| 15.8 14.4 1500 288 39 216 28| 9.6 2.9 12.5|203.3 -26.9 176.4 117.6 0.62| 13.6 8.5 2000 289 42 222 28| 9.3 2.2 11.5|293.5 -29.3 264.1 132.1 0.66| 13.9 9.1 2500 293 44 229 26| 9.0 1.7 10.7|340.2 -29.3 310.9 124.4 0.64| 14.1 9.1 3000 296 46 236 25| 7.5 2.3 9.7|340.2 -51.9 288.4 96.1 0.55| 12.6 6.9 4000 298 48 241 25| 5.6 2.4 8.0|340.2-114.1 226.2 56.5 0.37| 11.0 4.0 5000 299 51 248 25| 6.0 2.3 8.3|457.7-170.8 286.9 57.4 0.37| 11.5 4.2 6000 298 53 252 27| 5.0 2.3 7.3|470.7-214.7 256.0 42.7 0.32| 10.2 3.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251230.12.gif