UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025123000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 30 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 30 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 0 SFC 973 215 -4.9 -9.0 73 4.1 -6.1 260 28 270.4 270.7 268.5 275.8 1.98 2 949 411 -7.3 -10.3 79 3.0 -8.2 260 32 269.9 270.2 268.0 274.9 1.84 3 925 610 -9.1 -11.1 85 2.0 -9.6 260 36 270.0 270.3 268.0 274.9 1.77 4 883 967 -12.5 -12.8 98 0.3 -12.6 272 45 270.1 270.4 267.7 274.6 1.61 5 852 1238 -14.9 -15.0 99 0.1 -14.9 280 48 270.4 270.6 267.5 274.3 1.40 6 850 1256 -14.9 -15.0 99 0.1 -14.9 280 48 270.5 270.8 267.7 274.5 1.40 7 817 1554 -17.3 -18.8 88 1.5 -17.6 285 52 271.1 271.3 267.4 274.1 1.06 8 811 1609 -17.7 -18.8 91 1.1 -17.9 286 52 271.2 271.4 267.5 274.3 1.07 9 808 1637 -17.9 -19.8 85 1.9 -18.3 287 53 271.3 271.5 267.4 274.1 0.98 10 805 1665 -18.3 -19.0 94 0.7 -18.4 287 53 271.2 271.3 267.5 274.2 1.06 11 802 1693 -18.5 -21.1 80 2.6 -19.0 288 53 271.2 271.4 267.2 273.8 0.88 12 790 1805 -19.3 -20.2 93 0.9 -19.5 289 55 271.6 271.7 267.6 274.3 0.97 13 786 1843 -19.5 -21.8 82 2.3 -19.9 290 55 271.7 271.9 267.5 274.2 0.85 14 772 1976 -20.3 -23.2 78 2.9 -20.8 290 55 272.3 272.4 267.7 274.5 0.76 15 718 2508 -24.5 -24.9 96 0.4 -24.5 291 54 273.4 273.5 268.3 275.4 0.71 16 708 2610 -24.9 -25.4 96 0.5 -25.0 293 53 274.0 274.1 268.7 276.0 0.68 17 700 2693 -24.3 -24.7 96 0.4 -24.4 295 52 275.6 275.7 269.8 277.8 0.74 18 629 3480 -20.1 -22.1 84 2.0 -20.5 300 64 288.9 289.1 277.7 292.1 1.03 19 622 3563 -20.5 -22.3 85 1.8 -20.8 300 62 289.4 289.6 277.9 292.6 1.03 20 606 3757 -18.9 -20.4 88 1.5 -19.3 301 56 293.4 293.6 280.1 297.3 1.24 21 580 4084 -19.5 -20.6 91 1.1 -19.7 303 46 296.4 296.6 281.5 300.4 1.28 22 558 4371 -19.3 -22.7 74 3.4 -20.0 302 42 299.9 300.1 282.8 303.5 1.11 23 546 4533 -20.3 -23.4 76 3.1 -21.0 296 45 300.6 300.8 283.0 304.0 1.06 24 528 4780 -22.1 -25.8 72 3.7 -22.8 288 49 301.4 301.5 283.1 304.2 0.88 25 524 4836 -22.3 -28.3 58 6.0 -23.3 286 50 301.8 301.9 283.0 304.1 0.71 26 500 5180 -24.1 -28.4 68 4.3 -24.8 280 54 303.7 303.8 283.8 306.1 0.74 27 489 5341 -25.1 -28.5 73 3.4 -25.6 280 55 304.4 304.5 284.1 306.8 0.75 28 479 5491 -25.9 -30.2 67 4.3 -26.6 280 55 305.2 305.3 284.3 307.4 0.65 29 466 5689 -27.7 -30.9 74 3.2 -28.2 285 56 305.4 305.5 284.4 307.5 0.62 30 459 5797 -28.3 -32.1 70 3.8 -28.8 287 56 305.9 306.0 284.5 307.8 0.56 31 456 5844 -28.3 -34.3 56 6.0 -29.0 289 57 306.5 306.6 284.6 308.1 0.46 32 444 6034 -29.9 -33.9 68 4.0 -30.4 293 58 306.8 306.9 284.8 308.5 0.49 33 438 6130 -30.5 -36.5 56 6.0 -31.2 296 58 307.3 307.3 284.8 308.6 0.38 34 434 6195 -30.7 -41.7 33 11.0 -31.7 298 59 307.8 307.9 284.8 308.6 0.23 35 431 6244 -30.3 -38.3 46 8.0 -31.2 300 59 308.9 309.0 285.4 310.1 0.32 36 421 6410 -31.5 -38.5 50 7.0 -32.2 305 60 309.5 309.5 285.5 310.6 0.33 37 415 6511 -31.9 -40.9 41 9.0 -32.7 304 62 310.2 310.3 285.7 311.2 0.26 38 412 6563 -31.9 -39.9 45 8.0 -32.7 303 63 310.9 310.9 286.0 311.9 0.29 39 404 6700 -33.1 -39.1 55 6.0 -33.7 301 66 311.1 311.1 286.1 312.2 0.32 40 400 6770 -33.5 -39.5 55 6.0 -34.1 300 67 311.4 311.5 286.2 312.6 0.31 41 396 6841 -34.3 -40.3 55 6.0 -34.8 300 68 311.3 311.4 286.2 312.3 0.29 42 393 6894 -34.7 -41.7 49 7.0 -35.3 300 68 311.5 311.5 286.2 312.4 0.25 43 382 7092 -36.3 -40.9 62 4.6 -36.7 300 68 311.9 311.9 286.4 312.9 0.28 44 378 7165 -36.9 -42.9 54 6.0 -37.4 300 68 312.0 312.1 286.4 312.9 0.23 45 367 7369 -38.7 -43.5 60 4.8 -39.1 300 66 312.3 312.3 286.4 313.1 0.22 46 355 7597 -40.5 -47.5 47 7.0 -40.9 300 63 312.9 312.9 286.5 313.4 0.15 47 353 7635 -40.9 -47.9 47 7.0 -41.3 300 63 312.8 312.8 286.5 313.3 0.14 48 346 7771 -41.9 -47.9 52 6.0 -42.2 301 63 313.3 313.3 286.6 313.8 0.14 49 345 7791 -42.1 -49.1 46 7.0 -42.5 301 63 313.2 313.3 286.6 313.7 0.13 50 343 7830 -42.5 -48.5 52 6.0 -42.8 302 63 313.2 313.3 286.6 313.7 0.14 51 342 7850 -42.5 -48.5 52 6.0 -42.8 302 63 313.5 313.5 286.8 314.0 0.14 52 340 7890 -42.9 -49.9 46 7.0 -43.2 302 63 313.5 313.5 286.7 313.9 0.12 53 338 7930 -42.9 -54.9 26 12.0 -43.3 302 63 314.0 314.0 286.8 314.3 0.07 54 336 7970 -43.1 -53.1 32 10.0 -43.5 303 62 314.3 314.3 286.9 314.6 0.08 55 331 8071 -43.5 -56.5 22 13.0 -44.0 304 62 315.1 315.1 287.2 315.3 0.06 56 300 8730 -45.9 -62.9 13 17.0 -46.3 285 45 320.7 320.7 289.0 320.8 0.03 57 269 9447 -49.5 -69.5 8 20.0 -49.8 255 52 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.6 0.01 58 250 9930 -44.9 -75.9 2 31.0 -45.6 260 60 339.3 339.3 294.1 339.3 0.01 59 212 11030 -44.5 -78.4 1 34.0 -45.3 260 76 356.4 356.4 298.0 356.4 0.00 60 200 11420 -44.3 -79.3 1 35.0 -45.2 265 64 362.6 362.6 299.2 362.6 0.00 61 150 13330 -50.3 -82.3 1 32.0 -50.9 255 59 383.4 383.4 302.8 383.4 0.00 62 100 15930 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -56.2 250 60 420.1 420.1 307.7 420.1 0.00 63 95 16255 -56.5 -85.5 1 29.0 -57.0 253 60 424.7 424.7 308.3 424.8 0.00 64 81 17273 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -53.2 248 49 453.2 453.2 311.1 453.2 0.00 65 79 17434 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -53.6 243 46 455.6 455.6 311.4 455.6 0.00 66 70 18200 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.2 215 45 456.7 456.7 311.5 456.7 0.00 67 67 18473 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 217 42 458.1 458.1 311.6 458.1 0.00 68 63 18853 -62.9 -88.9 2 26.0 -63.2 211 47 463.6 463.6 312.1 463.6 0.00 69 57 19466 -65.3 -89.3 2 24.0 -65.5 235 49 471.6 471.6 312.8 471.6 0.00 70 53 19909 -65.1 -90.1 2 25.0 -65.4 252 41 482.0 482.0 313.6 482.0 0.00 71 51 20147 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -60.9 249 38 498.5 498.6 314.8 498.6 0.00 72 50 20270 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -60.9 265 44 501.4 501.4 315.1 501.4 0.00 73 49 20396 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.7 245 46 504.8 504.8 315.3 504.8 0.00 74 45 20924 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -63.3 264 41 510.4 510.4 315.7 510.4 0.00 75 43 21205 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.7 255 44 521.5 521.5 316.4 521.5 0.00 76 36 22303 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.6 260 19 543.5 543.5 317.7 543.5 0.00 77 30 23410 -68.7 -91.7 2 23.0 -69.0 245 34 557.4 557.4 318.5 557.4 0.00 78 28 23826 -65.1 -91.1 2 26.0 -65.6 240 39 578.5 578.5 319.6 578.5 0.00 79 26 24276 -66.7 -91.7 2 25.0 -67.2 243 40 586.3 586.3 320.0 586.3 0.00 80 24 24761 -65.3 -91.3 2 26.0 -65.9 255 38 604.0 604.0 320.8 604.0 0.00 81 22 25288 -67.1 -92.1 2 25.0 -67.6 247 43 613.8 613.8 321.2 613.8 0.00 82 21 25571 -64.1 -92.1 1 28.0 -64.9 253 46 631.1 631.1 321.9 631.1 0.00 83 21 25571 -63.7 -90.7 1 27.0 -64.5 253 46 632.3 632.3 322.0 632.3 0.00 84 20 25870 -63.9 -90.9 1 27.0 -64.7 260 49 640.6 640.6 322.3 640.6 0.00 85 19 26185 -63.3 -91.3 1 28.0 -64.3 264 51 651.9 651.9 322.7 651.9 0.00 86 18 26516 -65.1 -91.1 2 26.0 -65.9 245 55 656.4 656.4 322.9 656.4 0.01 87 16 27232 -65.9 -92.9 1 27.0 -66.7 249 57 676.3 676.3 323.6 676.3 0.00 88 16 27232 -64.1 -92.1 1 28.0 -65.1 249 57 682.1 682.1 323.9 682.2 0.00 89 15 27628 -63.3 -91.3 1 28.0 -64.4 251 58 697.5 697.5 324.3 697.5 0.01 90 15 27628 -60.5 -90.5 1 30.0 -62.1 251 58 706.8 706.8 324.7 706.9 0.01 91 13 28522 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -61.2 257 63 741.2 741.2 325.7 741.3 0.01 92 12 29022 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -62.4 260 66 753.4 753.4 326.0 753.5 0.01 93 10 30160 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -61.9 260 62 797.4 797.5 327.2 797.6 0.01 94 10 30160 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -61.0 260 62 801.9 801.9 327.3 802.1 0.02 95 8.4 31243 -63.9 -90.9 1 27.0 -65.7 821.0 821.0 327.7 821.1 0.01 96 7.6 31864 -58.7 -89.7 1 31.0 -61.9 865.8 865.8 328.7 865.9 0.02 97 7.3 32117 -58.3 -89.3 1 31.0 -61.7 877.5 877.5 329.0 877.6 0.02 TRP 269 9447 -49.5 -69.5 8 20.0 -49.8 255 52 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.6 0.01 WND 212 11030 -44.5 -78.4 1 34.0 -45.3 260 76 356.4 356.4 298.0 356.4 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5180.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 85.34 % Est. max temperature: -4.29 C = 24.29 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 911.85 mb = 719.96 m = 2362.04 ft T: -10.15 C 700-500 lapse rate: -0.08 C/km ThetaE index: 1.55 C Layer 949.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 893.50 mb = 876.05 m = 2874.16 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.76 g/kg Conv temperature: -5.18 C = 22.68 F Cap Strength: 22.68 C Lifted Index: 23.87 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 32.45 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.28 C Showalter Index: 24.22 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 18.30 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 9.20 C Cross Totals Index: 9.10 C K Index: -6.20 Risk: None Sweat Index: 150.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.55 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 11.26 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.74 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.47 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.69 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 893.76 mb = 873.82 m = 2866.82 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 888.76 mb = 916.90 m = 3008.15 ft Equ Level (EL): 778.76 mb = 1911.14 m = 6270.07 ft B at Equ Level: 11.19 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 708.76 mb = 2602.48 m = 8538.21 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 319 at 39 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 973 215 260 28 27.6 4.9 | 184 34 2.2 34.0 1 925 610 260 36 35.5 6.3 | 196 37 10.1 35.3 2 925 610 260 36 35.5 6.3 | 196 37 10.1 35.3 3 889 914 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 214 35 19.7 29.1 4 854 1219 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 225 30 21.0 20.9 5 850 1256 280 48 47.3 -8.3 | 227 30 21.9 20.8 6 787 1829 290 55 51.7 -18.8 | 249 28 26.4 10.3 7 755 2134 290 55 51.7 -18.8 | 249 28 26.4 10.3 8 724 2438 290 55 51.7 -18.8 | 249 28 26.4 10.3 9 700 2693 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 252 23 21.8 7.1 10 695 2743 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 252 23 21.8 7.1 11 640 3353 300 68 58.9 -34.0 | 278 34 33.6 -4.9 12 614 3658 300 59 51.1 -29.5 | 271 26 25.8 -0.4 13 566 4267 305 40 32.8 -22.9 | 230 10 7.4 6.2 14 521 4877 285 51 49.3 -13.2 | 236 29 23.9 15.9 15 500 5180 280 54 53.2 -9.4 | 235 34 27.9 19.7 16 479 5486 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 236 35 28.8 19.5 17 440 6096 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 260 28 27.2 4.6 18 421 6401 305 60 49.1 -34.4 | 283 24 23.8 -5.3 19 400 6770 300 67 58.0 -33.5 | 278 33 32.7 -4.4 20 386 7010 300 69 59.8 -34.5 | 279 35 34.4 -5.4 21 353 7620 300 63 54.6 -31.5 | 275 29 29.2 -2.4 22 323 8230 305 62 50.8 -35.6 | 284 26 25.5 -6.5 23 300 8730 285 45 43.5 -11.6 | 226 25 18.1 17.4 24 282 9144 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 207 37 16.5 32.8 25 269 9447 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 210 49 24.9 42.6 26 269 9449 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 200 47 16.0 44.1 27 257 9754 270 62 62.0 -0.0 | 232 47 36.7 29.1 28 250 9930 260 60 59.1 10.4 | 221 52 33.8 39.5 29 224 10668 250 72 67.7 24.6 | 218 68 42.3 53.7 30 212 11030 260 76 74.8 13.2 | 230 65 49.5 42.3 31 204 11278 260 76 74.8 13.2 | 230 65 49.5 42.3 32 200 11420 265 64 63.8 5.6 | 228 52 38.4 34.7 33 155 13106 250 53 49.8 18.1 | 207 53 24.5 47.2 34 150 13330 255 59 57.0 15.3 | 216 55 31.7 44.4 35 141 13716 260 59 58.1 10.2 | 220 51 32.8 39.3 36 135 14021 245 55 49.8 23.2 | 205 58 24.5 52.3 37 117 14935 255 55 53.1 14.2 | 213 51 27.8 43.3 38 111 15240 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 213 59 32.0 50.0 39 106 15545 255 74 71.5 19.2 | 224 67 46.2 48.2 40 100 15930 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 212 59 31.1 49.6 41 97 16154 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 212 59 31.1 49.6 42 88 16764 265 59 58.8 5.1 | 224 48 33.4 34.2 43 72 17983 225 36 25.5 25.5 | 180 55 0.1 54.5 44 70 18200 215 45 25.8 36.9 | 180 66 0.5 66.0 45 69 18288 220 40 25.7 30.6 | 180 60 0.4 59.7 46 62 18898 210 48 24.0 41.6 | 179 71 -1.3 70.7 47 59 19202 220 54 34.7 41.4 | 188 71 9.4 70.5 48 54 19812 255 43 41.5 11.1 | 202 43 16.2 40.2 49 51 20117 245 36 32.6 15.2 | 189 45 7.3 44.3 50 50 20270 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 209 38 18.5 32.9 51 49 20422 240 46 39.8 23.0 | 196 54 14.5 52.1 52 46 20726 270 39 39.0 -0.0 | 205 32 13.7 29.1 53 42 21336 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 201 48 17.0 44.5 54 38 21946 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 170 26 -4.6 25.4 55 36 22250 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 170 30 -5.3 29.1 56 34 22555 195 12 3.1 11.6 | 151 46 -22.2 40.7 57 31 23165 215 25 14.3 20.5 | 168 51 -11.0 49.6 58 30 23410 245 34 30.8 14.4 | 187 44 5.5 43.5 59 30 23470 255 28 27.0 7.2 | 183 36 1.7 36.3 60 27 24079 230 47 36.0 30.2 | 190 60 10.7 59.3 61 26 24384 250 37 34.8 12.7 | 193 43 9.4 41.7 62 24 24689 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 199 38 12.1 35.7 63 23 24994 240 40 34.6 20.0 | 191 50 9.3 49.1 64 20 25870 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 211 44 22.9 37.6 65 20 25908 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 225 30 21.0 20.9 66 18 26518 245 55 49.8 23.2 | 205 58 24.5 52.3 67 16 27432 250 57 53.6 19.5 | 210 56 28.2 48.6 68 10 29870 265 71 70.7 6.2 | 232 57 45.4 35.3 69 10 30160 260 62 61.1 10.8 | 222 54 35.7 39.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 289.0 at 51.4 knts Storm direction: 319.0 at 38.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.9 neg: 0.0 tot: 7.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 89.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 403.6 neg: 0.0 tot: 403.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 134.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.83 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.0 stream: 8.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.11 Bulk Shear: 98.91 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 260 33 192 35| 11.6 0.0 11.6|106.5 0.0 106.5 213.0 0.96| 12.2 11.6 1000 267 39 203 34| 11.7 0.0 11.7|229.6 0.0 229.6 229.6 0.90| 14.2 12.8 1500 274 43 214 31| 10.9 0.0 10.9|305.4 0.0 305.4 203.6 0.93| 12.9 11.9 2000 279 46 222 30| 8.7 0.0 8.7|322.9 0.0 322.9 161.5 0.93| 10.2 9.5 2500 282 48 228 29| 6.8 0.0 6.8|332.7 0.0 332.7 133.1 0.85| 9.3 7.9 3000 285 49 234 28| 7.9 0.0 7.9|403.6 0.0 403.6 134.5 0.83| 10.0 8.3 4000 289 51 242 26| 3.8 0.0 3.8|420.0 -59.8 360.2 90.1 0.45| 11.2 5.0 5000 289 50 241 25| 3.0 2.4 5.5|424.4 -75.2 349.2 69.8 0.33| 11.5 3.8 6000 289 51 242 26| 4.1 2.0 6.1|565.4 -75.2 490.1 81.7 0.42| 11.3 4.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251230.00.gif