UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 29 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 29 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 17 SFC 976 215 4.2 3.9 98 0.3 4.1 40 6 279.3 280.2 278.4 293.5 5.18 2 968 283 7.2 6.0 92 1.2 6.6 71 8 283.0 284.0 281.2 299.7 6.06 3 965 309 7.2 6.0 92 1.2 6.6 83 9 283.2 284.3 281.4 300.1 6.08 4 945 482 6.8 6.6 99 0.2 6.7 162 15 284.5 285.6 282.4 302.5 6.47 5 941 517 7.4 7.3 99 0.1 7.3 178 16 285.5 286.7 283.2 304.5 6.83 6 925 659 6.4 6.4 100 0.0 6.4 220 24 285.9 287.0 283.0 304.1 6.52 7 924 668 6.4 6.4 100 0.0 6.4 220 24 285.9 287.1 283.1 304.2 6.53 8 902 867 8.0 8.0 100 0.0 8.0 220 35 289.6 290.9 285.6 310.7 7.48 9 881 1061 7.2 7.2 100 0.0 7.2 225 39 290.7 292.0 285.8 311.3 7.25 10 850 1358 9.2 9.2 100 0.0 9.2 230 51 295.8 297.3 289.0 320.7 8.62 11 849 1368 9.2 9.2 100 0.0 9.2 230 51 295.9 297.4 289.0 320.9 8.63 12 763 2249 5.0 4.5 97 0.5 4.7 242 47 300.5 301.8 289.1 321.1 6.94 13 721 2709 2.0 1.3 95 0.7 1.7 245 52 302.1 303.2 288.6 319.7 5.84 14 701 2937 0.4 0.4 100 0.0 0.4 245 56 302.8 303.8 288.6 319.8 5.63 15 700 2948 0.4 0.4 100 0.0 0.4 245 56 302.9 304.0 288.7 319.9 5.63 16 616 3963 -4.5 -4.5 100 0.0 -4.5 255 53 308.6 309.4 289.5 322.4 4.45 17 581 4422 -6.5 -7.6 92 1.1 -7.0 261 46 311.4 312.2 289.8 323.2 3.72 18 580 4435 -6.5 -7.4 93 0.9 -6.9 261 46 311.6 312.3 289.9 323.6 3.78 19 538 5019 -9.9 -10.1 98 0.2 -10.0 266 55 314.3 314.9 290.2 324.9 3.30 20 500 5580 -13.5 -14.7 91 1.2 -13.9 270 66 316.6 317.1 290.2 324.6 2.45 21 436 6614 -20.3 -22.3 84 2.0 -20.8 266 67 320.6 320.9 290.5 325.6 1.47 22 412 7033 -23.1 -26.3 75 3.2 -23.8 265 63 322.2 322.4 290.6 326.0 1.08 23 405 7159 -23.9 -28.1 68 4.2 -24.8 265 61 322.8 323.0 290.6 326.1 0.93 24 403 7195 -24.3 -28.5 68 4.2 -25.1 265 60 322.7 322.9 290.5 325.9 0.90 25 400 7250 -24.7 -28.8 69 4.1 -25.5 265 59 322.9 323.1 290.6 326.0 0.89 26 399 7268 -24.9 -29.3 67 4.4 -25.8 265 59 322.9 323.0 290.5 325.9 0.85 27 385 7526 -26.9 -30.0 75 3.1 -27.5 265 62 323.5 323.7 290.7 326.5 0.82 28 331 8595 -35.5 -39.8 65 4.3 -36.0 261 57 326.0 326.1 291.0 327.4 0.36 29 328 8658 -36.1 -39.2 73 3.1 -36.4 261 57 326.1 326.1 291.0 327.5 0.39 30 318 8872 -37.9 -40.9 73 3.0 -38.2 260 56 326.5 326.5 291.0 327.7 0.34 31 304 9180 -40.3 -44.7 63 4.4 -40.6 265 59 327.3 327.4 291.2 328.2 0.23 32 300 9270 -41.3 -46.3 58 5.0 -41.6 265 57 327.2 327.2 291.1 327.9 0.20 33 291 9476 -43.3 -47.5 63 4.2 -43.6 265 60 327.2 327.2 291.1 327.9 0.18 34 289 9523 -43.5 -49.5 51 6.0 -43.8 265 60 327.5 327.6 291.2 328.1 0.14 35 283 9664 -44.7 -48.5 66 3.8 -44.9 265 62 327.8 327.8 291.3 328.4 0.17 36 276 9831 -46.3 -50.8 60 4.5 -46.5 265 64 327.8 327.8 291.2 328.3 0.13 37 264 10125 -49.3 -52.0 73 2.7 -49.4 265 68 327.6 327.6 291.2 328.1 0.12 38 261 10200 -49.9 -53.2 68 3.3 -50.0 265 69 327.8 327.8 291.2 328.2 0.10 39 258 10275 -50.5 -52.8 76 2.3 -50.6 265 70 328.0 328.0 291.3 328.5 0.11 40 256 10326 -51.1 -54.4 68 3.3 -51.2 265 71 327.9 327.9 291.2 328.2 0.09 41 252 10428 -51.9 -54.2 76 2.3 -52.0 265 72 328.2 328.2 291.3 328.5 0.10 42 250 10480 -52.5 -56.7 60 4.2 -52.6 265 73 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.3 0.07 43 249 10506 -52.5 -57.0 58 4.5 -52.6 265 73 328.4 328.4 291.3 328.7 0.07 44 246 10583 -53.5 -58.2 56 4.7 -53.6 266 73 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.3 0.06 45 238 10794 -55.3 -57.3 78 2.0 -55.4 268 72 328.4 328.5 291.3 328.7 0.07 46 232 10955 -56.9 -58.7 80 1.8 -56.9 270 72 328.4 328.4 291.3 328.7 0.06 47 228 11065 -58.1 -60.7 72 2.6 -58.2 271 75 328.2 328.2 291.3 328.4 0.05 48 225 11147 -58.9 -61.0 77 2.1 -58.9 273 78 328.2 328.3 291.3 328.4 0.05 49 220 11287 -60.3 -64.9 55 4.6 -60.4 275 83 328.2 328.2 291.2 328.3 0.03 50 216 11401 -61.5 -64.0 72 2.5 -61.5 277 87 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.03 51 208 11632 -63.7 -68.7 50 5.0 -63.7 280 93 328.2 328.2 291.2 328.3 0.02 52 203 11780 -65.1 -69.2 57 4.1 -65.1 280 89 328.3 328.3 291.2 328.3 0.02 53 202 11810 -65.5 -69.9 54 4.4 -65.5 280 89 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.02 54 200 11870 -65.9 -70.5 53 4.6 -66.0 280 87 328.4 328.4 291.3 328.5 0.01 55 192 12118 -67.9 -72.5 52 4.6 -67.9 280 86 329.0 329.1 291.5 329.1 0.01 56 189 12214 -67.3 -71.9 52 4.6 -67.3 279 89 331.5 331.5 292.2 331.6 0.01 57 185 12343 -68.3 -72.1 58 3.8 -68.3 275 107 331.9 331.9 292.3 332.0 0.01 58 173 12750 -66.1 -76.0 24 9.9 -66.1 280 122 342.0 342.0 294.8 342.1 0.01 59 150 13630 -61.3 -84.3 3 23.0 -61.4 275 83 364.5 364.5 299.5 364.5 0.00 60 100 16160 -60.9 -85.9 2 25.0 -61.2 285 57 410.1 410.1 306.5 410.1 0.00 61 94 16542 -63.3 -86.3 3 23.0 -63.5 285 59 412.7 412.7 306.9 412.7 0.00 62 91 16741 -61.7 -86.7 2 25.0 -62.0 285 63 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 63 82 17379 -65.9 -87.9 3 22.0 -66.1 291 52 423.8 423.8 308.2 423.8 0.00 64 81 17454 -63.5 -87.5 2 24.0 -63.7 292 50 430.2 430.2 308.9 430.2 0.00 65 78 17686 -62.3 -87.3 2 25.0 -62.6 294 46 437.4 437.4 309.6 437.4 0.00 66 70 18350 -64.1 -88.1 2 24.0 -64.4 305 36 447.3 447.3 310.6 447.3 0.00 67 65 18804 -64.3 -88.3 2 24.0 -64.6 303 39 456.4 456.4 311.4 456.4 0.00 68 63 18995 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.2 299 42 463.6 463.6 312.1 463.6 0.00 69 60 19296 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.4 294 45 469.6 469.6 312.6 469.7 0.00 TRP 185 12343 -68.3 -72.1 58 3.8 -68.3 275 107 331.9 331.9 292.3 332.0 0.01 WND 173 12750 -66.1 -76.0 24 9.9 -66.1 280 122 342.0 342.0 294.8 342.1 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5563.00 m Freezing level: 693.14 mb = 3030.88 m = 9943.72 ft Wetbulb zero: 693.59 mb = 3021.11 m = 9911.66 ft Precipitable water: 1.20 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 97.57 % Est. max temperature: 21.87 C = 71.36 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 971.42 mb = 253.75 m = 832.50 ft T: 5.91 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.28 C/km ThetaE index: 1.43 C Layer 721.0- 701.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 976.00 mb = 215.00 m = 705.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.76 g/kg Conv temperature: 7.68 C = 45.83 F Cap Strength: 10.94 C Lifted Index: 11.68 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 15.46 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.77 C Showalter Index: 2.48 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 45.40 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 22.70 C Cross Totals Index: 22.70 C K Index: 31.90 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 383.75 Risk: Showers and thunderstorms possible Energy Index: 0.70 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 39.45 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.88 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 20793.18 J/kg Cap Strength: 11.67 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 921.75 mb = 687.98 m = 2257.12 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 282 at 38 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 976 215 40 6 -3.9 -4.6 | 94 41 -40.9 3.2 1 931 610 220 19 12.2 14.6 | 132 33 -24.8 22.4 2 925 659 220 24 15.4 18.4 | 141 34 -21.6 26.2 3 897 914 220 37 23.8 28.3 | 160 38 -13.2 36.2 4 864 1219 230 42 32.2 27.0 | 172 35 -4.8 34.8 5 850 1358 230 51 39.1 32.8 | 183 41 2.1 40.6 6 833 1524 235 52 42.6 29.8 | 188 38 5.6 37.6 7 803 1829 235 49 40.1 28.1 | 185 36 3.1 35.9 8 773 2134 240 46 39.8 23.0 | 185 31 2.8 30.8 9 745 2438 245 49 44.4 20.7 | 195 29 7.4 28.5 10 718 2743 245 52 47.1 22.0 | 199 31 10.1 29.8 11 700 2948 245 56 50.8 23.7 | 204 34 13.7 31.5 12 665 3353 250 68 63.9 23.3 | 221 41 26.9 31.1 13 639 3658 250 62 58.3 21.2 | 216 36 21.3 29.0 14 591 4267 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 202 17 6.3 15.5 15 547 4877 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 230 19 14.8 12.3 16 500 5580 270 66 66.0 -0.0 | 255 30 29.0 7.8 17 467 6096 270 64 64.0 -0.0 | 254 28 27.0 7.8 18 430 6706 265 68 67.7 5.9 | 246 34 30.7 13.7 19 400 7250 265 59 58.8 5.1 | 239 25 21.8 13.0 20 379 7620 265 63 62.8 5.5 | 243 29 25.8 13.3 21 319 8839 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 226 25 18.1 17.5 22 305 9144 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 240 26 22.8 13.0 23 300 9270 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 237 24 19.8 12.8 24 250 10480 265 73 72.7 6.4 | 248 38 35.7 14.2 25 231 10973 270 72 72.0 -0.0 | 257 36 35.0 7.8 26 209 11582 280 94 92.6 -16.3 | 279 56 55.6 -8.5 27 200 11870 280 87 85.7 -15.1 | 279 49 48.7 -7.3 28 190 12192 280 86 84.7 -14.9 | 278 48 47.7 -7.1 29 185 12343 275 107 106.6 -9.3 | 271 70 69.6 -1.5 30 173 12750 280 122 120.1 -21.2 | 279 84 83.1 -13.4 31 163 13106 280 122 120.1 -21.2 | 279 84 83.1 -13.4 32 150 13630 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 269 46 45.7 0.6 33 148 13716 285 74 71.5 -19.2 | 288 36 34.5 -11.3 34 134 14326 265 80 79.7 7.0 | 251 45 42.7 14.8 35 116 15240 280 86 84.7 -14.9 | 278 48 47.7 -7.1 36 100 16160 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 291 19 18.1 -6.9 37 95 16459 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 291 19 18.1 -6.9 38 91 16764 285 64 61.8 -16.6 | 289 26 24.8 -8.8 39 71 18288 300 34 29.4 -17.0 | 39 12 -7.6 -9.2 40 70 18350 305 36 29.5 -20.6 | 30 15 -7.5 -12.8 41 66 18593 305 38 31.1 -21.8 | 23 15 -5.9 -14.0 42 58 19202 290 47 44.2 -16.1 | 319 11 7.2 -8.3 43 54 19507 280 35 34.5 -6.1 | 124 3 -2.5 1.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 251.9 at 50.4 knts Storm direction: 281.9 at 37.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.2 neg: 5.6 tot: 12.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 120.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 844.0 neg: -18.9 tot: 825.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 275.0 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.75 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 18.4 stream: 13.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.17 Bulk Rich Number: 0.20 Bulk Shear: 197.63 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 220 15 125 34| 0.0 33.8 33.8|416.7 0.0 416.7 833.5 0.78| 49.4 38.3 1000 223 26 144 33| 8.3 16.9 25.2|581.5 0.0 581.5 581.5 0.82| 34.2 27.9 1500 228 34 159 33| 8.6 11.3 19.9|689.9 -11.7 678.2 452.2 0.79| 27.8 21.9 2000 231 37 166 32| 6.1 8.4 14.6|701.0 -18.9 682.1 341.1 0.73| 22.7 16.6 2500 234 40 171 31| 6.1 6.8 12.9|746.1 -18.9 727.2 290.9 0.74| 19.5 14.4 3000 237 43 178 31| 7.2 5.6 12.9|844.0 -18.9 825.1 275.0 0.75| 18.4 13.8 4000 242 47 188 30| 3.9 4.2 8.1|877.2 -72.6 804.5 201.1 0.57| 17.3 9.9 5000 247 48 194 27| 4.6 3.4 8.0|944.5 -73.5 871.0 174.2 0.59| 15.6 9.2 6000 252 50 205 26| 4.5 2.9 7.3|979.9 -83.6 896.3 149.4 0.58| 13.9 8.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251229.00.gif