UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 27 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 27 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 149 10 5 SFC 991 215 -5.5 -5.9 97 0.4 -5.6 10 5 268.3 268.7 268.0 275.0 2.48 2 969 392 -7.5 -7.5 100 0.0 -7.5 23 5 268.1 268.4 267.4 274.1 2.24 3 925 755 -9.9 -9.9 100 0.0 -9.9 350 6 269.2 269.5 267.7 274.5 1.94 4 895 1009 -11.1 -11.1 100 0.0 -11.1 329 10 270.5 270.8 268.4 275.5 1.83 5 888 1069 -10.9 -10.9 100 0.0 -10.9 319 11 271.3 271.6 269.0 276.5 1.87 6 873 1201 -7.5 -8.0 96 0.5 -7.7 298 13 276.2 276.6 272.8 282.9 2.39 7 868 1246 -5.9 -7.7 87 1.8 -6.5 298 14 278.3 278.7 274.1 285.2 2.46 8 862 1301 -5.3 -7.6 84 2.3 -6.1 304 15 279.5 279.9 274.9 286.5 2.50 9 857 1346 -5.1 -7.4 84 2.3 -5.9 308 16 280.1 280.6 275.3 287.4 2.55 10 855 1365 -4.9 -7.5 82 2.6 -5.8 310 17 280.5 281.0 275.5 287.8 2.54 11 850 1411 -3.7 -8.4 70 4.7 -5.3 315 18 282.3 282.7 276.2 289.1 2.38 12 844 1467 -2.7 -9.7 59 7.0 -5.1 316 20 283.9 284.3 276.7 290.2 2.17 13 835 1552 -1.5 -7.5 64 6.0 -3.7 318 23 286.0 286.5 278.4 293.6 2.60 14 833 1571 -0.9 -5.6 70 4.7 -2.7 319 24 286.9 287.4 279.4 295.6 3.02 15 819 1707 0.4 -5.6 64 6.0 -2.0 322 29 289.6 290.2 280.7 298.6 3.07 16 815 1746 1.4 -7.6 51 9.0 -2.1 323 30 291.1 291.6 280.8 298.9 2.65 17 812 1775 2.2 -9.8 41 12.0 -2.3 324 31 292.2 292.6 280.8 299.0 2.23 18 809 1805 4.6 -23.4 11 28.0 -3.3 324 32 295.1 295.2 280.2 297.4 0.72 19 804 1856 5.4 -31.6 5 37.0 -3.5 325 33 296.5 296.5 280.3 297.6 0.34 20 798 1917 5.2 -36.8 3 42.0 -3.8 325 34 296.9 296.9 280.3 297.6 0.20 21 730 2635 -0.7 -24.7 14 24.0 -7.0 315 37 298.1 298.2 281.5 300.4 0.71 22 709 2867 -1.3 -30.3 9 29.0 -7.9 318 37 299.9 300.0 281.9 301.4 0.43 23 700 2969 -2.1 -29.1 11 27.0 -8.4 320 37 300.2 300.2 282.1 301.8 0.49 24 677 3233 -3.9 -27.9 14 24.0 -9.5 323 39 301.0 301.1 282.5 302.9 0.57 25 670 3315 -4.3 -22.3 23 18.0 -9.2 324 40 301.5 301.7 283.2 304.6 0.95 26 646 3601 -6.1 -30.1 13 24.0 -11.3 321 42 302.6 302.7 283.1 304.2 0.49 27 640 3673 -6.7 -23.7 24 17.0 -11.1 320 42 302.7 302.9 283.7 305.6 0.88 28 602 4147 -10.9 -22.9 37 12.0 -13.9 312 42 303.2 303.4 284.0 306.5 1.01 29 592 4275 -11.5 -29.5 21 18.0 -15.2 310 42 304.0 304.1 283.7 305.9 0.56 30 568 4590 -14.5 -26.5 35 12.0 -17.0 310 47 304.1 304.2 284.0 306.6 0.77 31 550 4833 -16.5 -33.5 22 17.0 -19.3 314 49 304.5 304.6 283.8 305.9 0.41 32 536 5026 -18.3 -35.3 21 17.0 -20.9 314 51 304.6 304.7 283.7 305.8 0.35 33 515 5322 -20.7 -36.7 22 16.0 -22.9 311 57 305.2 305.3 283.9 306.3 0.32 34 506 5452 -21.5 -36.5 25 15.0 -23.6 310 59 305.8 305.8 284.1 306.9 0.33 35 500 5540 -22.1 -40.1 18 18.0 -24.3 310 58 306.1 306.1 284.1 306.9 0.23 36 494 5629 -22.9 -43.9 13 21.0 -25.1 309 57 306.2 306.2 284.1 306.7 0.16 37 492 5658 -22.9 -48.9 7 26.0 -25.3 309 56 306.5 306.5 284.1 306.9 0.09 38 473 5946 -24.7 -45.7 12 21.0 -26.7 306 52 307.8 307.8 284.7 308.3 0.14 39 421 6786 -29.5 -53.5 8 24.0 -31.1 302 73 312.0 312.1 286.1 312.3 0.06 40 420 6803 -29.5 -54.5 7 25.0 -31.2 302 73 312.3 312.3 286.2 312.5 0.06 41 400 7150 -30.9 -56.9 6 26.0 -32.4 300 85 314.8 314.8 287.1 315.0 0.04 42 394 7257 -30.5 -58.5 5 28.0 -32.1 300 87 316.7 316.7 287.7 316.9 0.04 43 386 7403 -31.1 -56.1 7 25.0 -32.6 300 91 317.8 317.8 288.1 318.0 0.05 44 382 7477 -30.9 -57.9 5 27.0 -32.5 300 92 319.0 319.0 288.5 319.2 0.04 45 300 9150 -42.9 -63.9 8 21.0 -43.6 305 119 324.9 324.9 290.3 325.0 0.02 46 290 9377 -44.5 -64.5 9 20.0 -45.0 301 120 325.8 325.8 290.5 325.9 0.02 47 277 9682 -47.3 -62.3 16 15.0 -47.7 301 122 326.0 326.0 290.6 326.2 0.03 48 275 9729 -47.7 -60.7 21 13.0 -48.1 302 122 326.1 326.1 290.6 326.3 0.04 49 273 9777 -48.1 -56.1 39 8.0 -48.4 302 123 326.2 326.3 290.7 326.5 0.07 50 272 9801 -48.3 -56.3 39 8.0 -48.6 302 123 326.3 326.3 290.7 326.6 0.07 51 268 9899 -48.9 -53.9 56 5.0 -49.1 302 123 326.8 326.8 290.9 327.2 0.09 52 264 9997 -49.7 -58.7 34 9.0 -50.0 303 124 327.0 327.1 290.9 327.3 0.05 53 250 10350 -52.9 -58.9 48 6.0 -53.1 305 127 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.6 0.05 54 249 10376 -53.3 -59.3 48 6.0 -53.4 305 127 327.2 327.2 291.0 327.4 0.05 55 248 10402 -53.5 -60.5 42 7.0 -53.7 305 128 327.3 327.3 291.0 327.5 0.04 56 243 10534 -53.9 -64.9 25 11.0 -54.1 305 129 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.03 57 241 10587 -54.1 -66.1 22 12.0 -54.3 305 130 329.1 329.1 291.5 329.2 0.02 58 226 10999 -56.5 -68.9 20 12.4 -56.6 305 134 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.02 59 207 11554 -59.7 -72.7 17 13.0 -59.8 305 118 334.9 334.9 293.0 335.0 0.01 60 200 11770 -60.1 -74.1 14 14.0 -60.2 305 115 337.6 337.6 293.7 337.6 0.01 61 150 13560 -60.3 -84.3 3 24.0 -60.5 300 91 366.2 366.2 299.9 366.2 0.00 62 100 16100 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -59.6 290 75 413.2 413.2 306.9 413.2 0.00 63 99 16163 -57.7 -85.7 2 28.0 -58.1 290 75 417.4 417.4 307.4 417.5 0.00 64 83 17263 -63.7 -87.7 2 24.0 -63.9 303 54 426.8 426.8 308.5 426.8 0.00 65 77 17723 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 281 51 434.4 434.4 309.3 434.4 0.00 66 73 18051 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.1 286 64 442.3 442.3 310.1 442.3 0.00 67 71 18222 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 289 70 450.6 450.6 310.9 450.6 0.00 68 70 18310 -62.5 -87.5 2 25.0 -62.8 300 65 450.7 450.7 310.9 450.7 0.00 69 65 18764 -65.7 -88.7 3 23.0 -65.9 308 58 453.3 453.3 311.1 453.3 0.00 70 60 19251 -66.3 -89.3 3 23.0 -66.5 311 50 462.5 462.5 312.0 462.5 0.00 71 56 19671 -64.3 -89.3 2 25.0 -64.6 293 40 476.3 476.3 313.1 476.3 0.00 72 52 20122 -67.3 -90.3 2 23.0 -67.5 300 36 479.5 479.5 313.4 479.5 0.00 73 50 20360 -65.1 -90.1 2 25.0 -65.4 300 50 490.1 490.1 314.2 490.1 0.00 74 49 20483 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.9 282 42 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 75 45 21003 -65.9 -89.9 2 24.0 -66.2 308 47 503.1 503.1 315.2 503.1 0.00 76 41 21567 -66.3 -90.3 2 24.0 -66.6 303 28 515.7 515.7 316.0 515.7 0.00 77 40 21717 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.1 295 22 523.4 523.4 316.5 523.4 0.00 78 36 22355 -67.5 -91.5 2 24.0 -67.8 253 18 532.1 532.1 317.1 532.2 0.00 79 35 22525 -67.5 -91.5 2 24.0 -67.8 251 19 536.4 536.4 317.3 536.5 0.00 80 34 22699 -66.5 -90.5 2 24.0 -66.9 270 25 543.5 543.5 317.7 543.6 0.00 81 31 23254 -69.5 -92.5 2 23.0 -69.8 285 40 550.0 550.0 318.1 550.0 0.00 82 30 23450 -68.5 -91.5 2 23.0 -68.8 280 44 557.9 557.9 318.5 557.9 0.00 83 29 23653 -68.1 -91.1 2 23.0 -68.4 286 40 564.4 564.4 318.9 564.5 0.00 84 28 23862 -69.3 -92.3 2 23.0 -69.6 282 44 566.8 566.8 319.0 566.8 0.00 85 28 23862 -67.9 -91.9 2 24.0 -68.2 282 44 570.7 570.7 319.2 570.7 0.00 86 27 24080 -67.9 -91.9 2 24.0 -68.3 288 47 576.7 576.7 319.5 576.7 0.00 87 26 24306 -69.1 -92.1 2 23.0 -69.4 293 49 579.5 579.5 319.6 579.5 0.00 88 26 24306 -67.7 -91.7 2 24.0 -68.1 293 49 583.5 583.5 319.8 583.5 0.00 89 25 24541 -68.7 -92.7 2 24.0 -69.1 287 46 587.2 587.2 320.0 587.2 0.00 90 25 24541 -66.5 -91.5 2 25.0 -67.0 287 46 593.5 593.5 320.3 593.5 0.00 91 24 24787 -67.3 -91.3 2 24.0 -67.8 279 44 598.2 598.2 320.5 598.2 0.00 92 23 25044 -64.5 -90.5 2 26.0 -65.2 275 47 613.7 613.7 321.2 613.7 0.00 93 21 25600 -63.3 -90.3 1 27.0 -64.1 269 53 633.5 633.5 322.0 633.5 0.01 94 20 25900 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -63.8 265 56 643.6 643.6 322.4 643.7 0.01 95 18 26553 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -62.0 271 58 670.3 670.3 323.4 670.3 0.01 96 17 26909 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -63.3 274 52 676.8 676.8 323.7 676.9 0.01 97 15 27688 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -61.3 256 57 710.1 710.1 324.7 710.2 0.01 98 14 28119 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -62.5 271 58 719.5 719.5 325.0 719.6 0.01 99 11 29617 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -63.5 258 83 768.0 768.0 326.4 768.1 0.01 100 10 30210 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -62.7 255 95 793.7 793.7 327.1 793.8 0.02 101 10 30210 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -63.0 255 95 792.2 792.2 327.1 792.3 0.01 102 9.3 30666 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -59.5 827.9 827.9 327.9 828.1 0.02 103 8.7 31090 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -60.0 841.5 841.5 328.2 841.7 0.03 104 8.5 31238 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -59.0 853.4 853.4 328.5 853.6 0.03 105 8.0 31626 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -59.1 869.1 869.1 328.8 869.3 0.03 106 7.9 31707 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -58.9 873.8 873.8 328.9 874.1 0.03 TRP 207 11554 -59.7 -72.7 17 13.0 -59.8 305 118 334.9 334.9 293.0 335.0 0.01 WND 226 10999 -56.5 -68.9 20 12.4 -56.6 305 134 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5391.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Freezing level: 823.31 mb = 1664.85 m = 5462.03 ft Freezing level: 738.07 mb = 2549.76 m = 8365.25 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 39.56 % Est. max temperature: 10.72 C = 51.29 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 984.60 mb = 266.08 m = 872.97 ft T: -6.08 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.78 C/km ThetaE index: 1.54 C Layer 809.0- 804.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 944.25 mb = 594.07 m = 1949.02 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.07 g/kg Conv temperature: -5.16 C = 22.71 F Cap Strength: 25.92 C Lifted Index: 26.04 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 35.60 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 24.66 C Showalter Index: 14.79 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 32.10 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.40 C Cross Totals Index: 13.70 C K Index: -17.00 Risk: None Sweat Index: 94.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.93 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 10.76 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.64 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.00 J/kg Cap Strength: 25.90 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 939.47 mb = 633.72 m = 2079.11 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 934.47 mb = 675.42 m = 2215.90 ft Equ Level (EL): 914.47 mb = 843.22 m = 2766.42 ft B at Equ Level: 10.24 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 884.47 mb = 1100.26 m = 3609.73 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 345 at 27 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 991 215 10 5 -0.9 -4.9 | 160 23 -7.8 21.4 1 942 610 40 4 -2.6 -3.1 | 158 25 -9.5 23.2 2 925 755 350 6 1.0 -5.9 | 164 21 -5.9 20.4 3 906 914 345 8 2.1 -7.7 | 165 19 -4.8 18.6 4 871 1219 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 193 21 4.9 20.8 5 850 1411 315 18 12.7 -12.7 | 203 15 5.8 13.6 6 807 1829 325 33 18.9 -27.0 | 274 12 12.0 -0.7 7 777 2134 325 37 21.2 -30.3 | 286 15 14.3 -4.0 8 748 2438 315 36 25.5 -25.5 | 267 19 18.6 0.8 9 720 2743 315 38 26.9 -26.9 | 272 20 20.0 -0.6 10 700 2969 320 37 23.8 -28.3 | 277 17 16.9 -2.1 11 666 3353 325 40 22.9 -32.8 | 292 17 16.0 -6.5 12 640 3658 320 42 27.0 -32.2 | 286 21 20.1 -5.9 13 615 3962 315 43 30.4 -30.4 | 280 24 23.5 -4.1 14 591 4267 310 42 32.2 -27.0 | 272 25 25.3 -0.7 15 568 4572 310 47 36.0 -30.2 | 278 29 29.1 -3.9 16 545 4877 315 49 34.6 -34.6 | 287 29 27.8 -8.4 17 504 5486 310 60 46.0 -38.6 | 287 41 39.1 -12.3 18 500 5540 310 58 44.4 -37.3 | 286 39 37.5 -11.0 19 463 6096 305 50 41.0 -28.7 | 274 34 34.1 -2.4 20 400 7150 300 85 73.6 -42.5 | 284 69 66.7 -16.2 21 374 7620 300 96 83.1 -48.0 | 286 79 76.2 -21.7 22 300 9144 305 118 96.7 -67.7 | 295 99 89.8 -41.4 23 300 9150 305 119 97.5 -68.3 | 295 100 90.6 -42.0 24 287 9449 300 120 103.9 -60.0 | 289 103 97.0 -33.7 25 250 10350 305 127 104.0 -72.8 | 296 108 97.1 -46.6 26 226 10999 305 134 109.8 -76.9 | 296 115 102.9 -50.6 27 216 11278 305 134 109.8 -76.9 | 296 115 102.9 -50.6 28 207 11554 305 118 96.7 -67.7 | 295 99 89.8 -41.4 29 200 11770 305 115 94.2 -66.0 | 294 96 87.3 -39.7 30 150 13560 300 91 78.8 -45.5 | 285 74 71.9 -19.2 31 146 13716 300 90 77.9 -45.0 | 285 73 71.0 -18.7 32 139 14021 305 91 74.5 -52.2 | 291 72 67.6 -25.9 33 126 14630 305 64 52.4 -36.7 | 283 47 45.5 -10.4 34 120 14935 305 81 66.4 -46.5 | 289 63 59.5 -20.2 35 115 15240 295 77 69.8 -32.5 | 276 63 62.9 -6.3 36 100 16100 290 75 70.5 -25.7 | 269 64 63.6 0.6 37 94 16459 290 75 70.5 -25.7 | 269 64 63.6 0.6 38 81 17374 305 51 41.8 -29.3 | 275 35 34.9 -3.0 39 78 17678 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 247 45 41.4 17.8 40 70 18288 290 73 68.6 -25.0 | 269 62 61.7 1.3 41 70 18310 300 65 56.3 -32.5 | 277 50 49.4 -6.2 42 60 19202 315 52 36.8 -36.8 | 289 32 29.9 -10.5 43 58 19507 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 249 34 31.6 12.3 44 52 20117 300 36 31.2 -18.0 | 251 26 24.3 8.3 45 50 20360 300 50 43.3 -25.0 | 268 36 36.4 1.3 46 49 20422 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 239 38 32.5 19.3 47 47 20726 290 52 48.9 -17.8 | 259 43 42.0 8.5 48 45 21031 310 46 35.2 -29.6 | 277 29 28.3 -3.3 49 43 21336 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 273 26 26.0 -1.4 50 40 21641 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 218 20 12.2 15.3 51 38 21946 280 23 22.7 -4.0 | 215 27 15.8 22.3 52 37 22250 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 199 33 10.5 30.9 53 35 22555 250 19 17.9 6.5 | 198 35 11.0 32.8 54 33 22860 295 32 29.0 -13.5 | 240 26 22.1 12.8 55 30 23450 280 44 43.3 -7.6 | 243 41 36.4 18.6 56 30 23470 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 245 27 24.8 11.5 57 28 23774 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 242 40 35.5 18.8 58 26 24384 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 262 39 38.4 5.2 59 24 24689 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 242 40 35.5 18.8 60 20 25900 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 237 58 48.9 31.2 61 18 26518 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 243 57 51.1 26.3 62 17 26822 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 251 50 47.3 16.7 63 16 27127 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 228 51 38.4 34.3 64 16 27432 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 230 55 42.3 35.0 65 15 27737 255 58 56.0 15.0 | 230 64 49.1 41.3 66 13 28346 280 58 57.1 -10.1 | 252 53 50.2 16.2 67 12 29261 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 240 78 67.0 39.3 68 10 30210 255 95 91.8 24.6 | 239 99 84.9 50.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 315.3 at 36.2 knts Storm direction: 345.3 at 27.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.9 neg: 2.9 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 126.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 162.4 neg: -26.4 tot: 136.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 45.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.55 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.3 stream: 5.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.07 Bulk Shear: 159.44 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 22 5 159 24| 0.0 0.7 0.7| 7.6 -5.7 2.0 3.9 0.06| 5.7 0.3 1000 344 7 166 20| 0.0 6.5 6.5| 62.6 -5.7 56.9 56.9 0.58| 9.9 5.7 1500 326 11 178 17| 6.3 4.3 10.6|113.3 -5.7 107.6 71.7 0.66| 13.0 8.6 2000 325 17 192 13| 6.6 3.2 9.9|135.7 -10.9 124.8 62.4 0.65| 12.2 7.9 2500 322 21 211 11| 5.3 3.5 8.8|140.5 -26.4 114.1 45.6 0.53| 11.1 5.8 3000 321 24 225 11| 4.9 2.9 7.8|162.4 -26.4 136.0 45.3 0.55| 10.3 5.6 4000 320 28 248 12| 3.7 3.3 7.0|168.2 -68.0 100.1 25.0 0.38| 9.3 3.5 5000 318 32 261 15| 3.5 3.2 6.7|225.1 -68.9 156.2 31.2 0.39| 9.0 3.6 6000 315 36 268 19| 2.9 3.0 6.0|237.1-152.0 85.1 14.2 0.26| 9.0 2.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251227.12.gif