UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122612.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 26 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 26 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 183 75 11 SFC 995 215 -6.3 -10.2 74 3.9 -7.4 75 11 267.2 267.5 266.0 272.0 1.77 2 964 464 -9.3 -12.0 81 2.7 -10.0 97 14 266.6 266.9 265.3 270.9 1.58 3 952 562 -9.9 -12.3 83 2.4 -10.5 106 15 267.0 267.2 265.5 271.3 1.56 4 941 653 -10.3 -13.3 79 3.0 -11.1 111 16 267.5 267.7 265.7 271.5 1.45 5 935 702 -9.9 -14.9 67 5.0 -11.1 113 18 268.4 268.6 266.0 271.9 1.28 6 928 761 -6.9 -24.9 22 18.0 -10.4 114 20 272.0 272.1 267.1 273.6 0.55 7 925 787 -6.5 -24.5 22 18.0 -10.0 115 21 272.7 272.8 267.6 274.3 0.57 8 902 984 -4.5 -29.5 12 25.0 -9.1 117 20 276.7 276.8 269.8 277.8 0.37 9 900 1002 -4.5 -29.5 12 25.0 -9.1 118 19 276.9 276.9 269.9 278.0 0.37 10 883 1153 -1.5 -41.5 3 40.0 -7.7 123 15 281.5 281.5 272.2 281.9 0.11 11 850 1456 -0.5 -35.5 5 35.0 -7.0 160 8 285.6 285.7 274.8 286.3 0.22 12 838 1570 0.0 -38.0 4 38.0 -6.8 183 9 287.3 287.3 275.6 287.9 0.17 13 813 1812 -0.9 -40.9 3 40.0 -7.6 231 10 288.9 288.9 276.3 289.3 0.13 14 806 1881 -1.5 -30.5 9 29.0 -7.6 238 10 288.9 289.0 276.7 290.1 0.37 15 798 1960 -2.3 -29.3 11 27.0 -8.0 243 11 288.9 289.0 276.8 290.3 0.42 16 797 1970 -2.3 -25.3 15 23.0 -7.7 244 11 289.0 289.1 277.1 290.9 0.61 17 795 1990 -2.5 -13.5 43 11.0 -6.0 245 12 289.0 289.3 278.7 294.1 1.69 18 794 2000 -2.7 -11.7 50 9.0 -5.7 246 12 288.9 289.2 279.0 294.7 1.96 19 779 2151 -3.9 -16.9 36 13.0 -7.7 256 13 289.2 289.4 278.2 293.2 1.30 20 776 2181 -4.5 -12.5 54 8.0 -7.1 259 14 288.9 289.2 278.9 294.5 1.88 21 774 2201 -4.5 -11.5 58 7.0 -6.8 261 14 289.1 289.4 279.1 295.2 2.05 22 773 2212 -4.9 -7.8 80 2.9 -6.0 262 14 288.7 289.2 279.9 296.8 2.75 23 771 2232 -4.9 -10.9 63 6.0 -6.9 264 14 289.0 289.3 279.3 295.4 2.16 24 766 2283 -5.3 -9.3 73 4.0 -6.7 269 15 289.1 289.5 279.7 296.3 2.46 25 765 2293 -5.3 -9.9 70 4.6 -6.9 270 15 289.2 289.6 279.6 296.1 2.35 26 764 2304 -5.3 -12.3 58 7.0 -7.5 271 15 289.3 289.6 279.1 295.1 1.94 27 761 2335 -4.3 -4.7 97 0.4 -4.5 274 16 290.7 291.3 281.8 301.0 3.54 28 745 2502 -3.3 -3.3 100 0.0 -3.3 284 19 293.6 294.3 283.5 305.4 4.02 29 743 2524 -3.3 -3.3 100 0.0 -3.3 284 20 293.8 294.5 283.7 305.6 4.03 30 700 2993 -5.7 -6.3 96 0.6 -6.0 270 30 296.2 296.8 284.0 306.4 3.41 31 657 3488 -8.3 -9.7 90 1.4 -8.8 281 32 298.7 299.2 284.2 307.2 2.79 32 600 4187 -12.1 -12.7 95 0.6 -12.3 303 32 302.1 302.6 285.2 309.6 2.40 33 586 4368 -12.9 -14.4 88 1.5 -13.4 305 32 303.2 303.6 285.3 309.9 2.14 34 585 4381 -13.1 -14.6 88 1.5 -13.6 305 32 303.1 303.5 285.2 309.8 2.11 35 558 4741 -14.1 -15.3 91 1.2 -14.5 300 37 306.1 306.5 286.3 312.7 2.08 36 545 4920 -14.1 -16.5 82 2.4 -14.8 295 44 308.2 308.5 286.9 314.4 1.93 37 532 5103 -14.7 -16.6 85 1.9 -15.3 295 49 309.6 309.9 287.4 315.9 1.96 38 523 5232 -15.7 -16.9 90 1.2 -16.0 296 52 309.9 310.3 287.5 316.2 1.95 39 500 5570 -17.5 -19.7 83 2.2 -18.1 300 54 311.7 312.0 287.8 317.0 1.60 40 476 5936 -19.3 -21.4 83 2.1 -19.8 293 57 313.9 314.2 288.3 318.7 1.45 41 462 6157 -19.5 -21.7 83 2.2 -20.1 290 56 316.3 316.6 289.1 321.2 1.46 42 461 6173 -19.5 -22.1 80 2.6 -20.1 290 56 316.5 316.8 289.2 321.3 1.41 43 406 7103 -26.1 -29.9 70 3.8 -26.8 285 57 319.7 319.9 289.5 322.5 0.79 44 404 7138 -26.3 -30.2 70 3.9 -27.0 285 57 319.9 320.0 289.5 322.6 0.77 45 400 7210 -26.9 -30.4 72 3.5 -27.5 285 57 320.0 320.2 289.6 322.7 0.76 46 370 7768 -31.3 -35.1 69 3.8 -31.8 287 59 321.4 321.5 289.8 323.3 0.52 47 365 7864 -32.1 -35.9 69 3.8 -32.6 289 60 321.6 321.7 289.8 323.4 0.49 48 355 8060 -33.7 -36.7 74 3.0 -34.1 290 62 322.0 322.1 289.9 323.7 0.46 49 315 8888 -39.9 -44.2 63 4.3 -40.2 290 77 324.6 324.6 290.4 325.5 0.24 50 300 9220 -42.9 -46.3 69 3.4 -43.1 290 84 324.9 324.9 290.5 325.7 0.20 51 290 9448 -44.9 -48.0 71 3.1 -45.1 289 86 325.2 325.2 290.5 325.9 0.17 52 287 9517 -45.7 -50.0 62 4.3 -45.9 289 87 325.0 325.1 290.5 325.6 0.14 53 281 9657 -47.1 -49.9 73 2.8 -47.2 288 89 325.0 325.0 290.5 325.5 0.14 54 274 9824 -48.5 -54.5 50 6.0 -48.7 288 90 325.3 325.3 290.5 325.7 0.08 55 270 9920 -49.5 -53.3 64 3.8 -49.6 287 92 325.2 325.3 290.5 325.6 0.10 56 267 9994 -49.9 -54.7 57 4.8 -50.1 287 92 325.7 325.7 290.6 326.0 0.09 57 250 10420 -53.9 -57.5 65 3.6 -54.0 285 97 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.2 0.06 58 200 11820 -61.7 -71.7 25 10.0 -61.8 295 123 335.1 335.1 293.1 335.1 0.01 59 158 13264 -65.9 -77.9 17 12.0 -66.0 300 124 351.3 351.3 296.9 351.3 0.01 60 155 13381 -65.7 -79.2 14 13.5 -65.8 300 127 353.6 353.6 297.4 353.6 0.00 61 150 13580 -65.3 -81.3 9 16.0 -65.4 305 119 357.6 357.6 298.2 357.6 0.00 62 100 16080 -62.5 -87.5 2 25.0 -62.7 305 79 407.0 407.0 306.1 407.0 0.00 63 83 17216 -67.1 -88.1 4 21.0 -67.2 297 83 419.9 419.9 307.7 419.9 0.00 64 78 17593 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 295 81 432.8 432.8 309.1 432.8 0.00 65 73 17996 -66.9 -88.9 3 22.0 -67.1 303 73 436.0 436.0 309.4 436.0 0.00 66 70 18250 -65.5 -88.5 3 23.0 -65.7 310 67 444.3 444.3 310.3 444.3 0.00 67 69 18338 -65.3 -88.3 3 23.0 -65.5 310 67 446.5 446.5 310.5 446.5 0.00 68 56 19598 -69.5 -90.5 3 21.0 -69.6 310 56 464.4 464.4 312.1 464.4 0.00 69 50 20280 -66.9 -89.9 3 23.0 -67.1 310 50 485.8 485.8 313.9 485.8 0.00 70 49 20402 -66.7 -89.7 3 23.0 -67.0 310 50 489.1 489.1 314.1 489.1 0.00 71 42 21327 -69.9 -90.9 3 21.0 -70.1 305 44 503.2 503.2 315.2 503.3 0.00 72 33 22765 -68.9 -91.9 2 23.0 -69.2 287 55 541.8 541.8 317.6 541.8 0.00 73 30 23340 -65.5 -91.5 2 26.0 -66.0 290 43 566.1 566.1 318.9 566.1 0.00 74 29 23546 -64.9 -90.9 2 26.0 -65.4 294 46 573.2 573.2 319.3 573.3 0.00 75 25 24443 -67.1 -92.1 2 25.0 -67.5 281 63 591.8 591.8 320.2 591.8 0.00 76 23 24952 -61.7 -90.7 1 29.0 -62.7 285 66 621.9 621.9 321.6 622.0 0.00 77 22 25226 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -62.9 287 67 629.3 629.3 321.9 629.3 0.01 78 21 25515 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -60.5 289 69 646.2 646.2 322.6 646.2 0.01 79 20 25820 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -61.2 270 67 652.8 652.8 322.8 652.9 0.01 80 15 27611 -62.3 -90.3 1 28.0 -63.6 265 77 700.8 700.8 324.4 700.9 0.01 81 14 28040 -60.1 -90.1 1 30.0 -61.9 265 79 722.3 722.3 325.1 722.3 0.01 82 13 28501 -61.7 -90.7 1 29.0 -63.3 265 80 732.2 732.2 325.4 732.2 0.01 83 12 29000 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -61.7 261 84 756.2 756.2 326.1 756.3 0.01 84 11 29545 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -61.7 255 91 776.0 776.0 326.6 776.1 0.01 85 11 29545 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -61.9 255 91 775.3 775.3 326.6 775.4 0.01 86 11 29545 -56.9 -88.9 1 32.0 -59.8 255 91 785.4 785.5 326.9 785.6 0.01 87 10 30150 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -59.9 260 108 807.9 807.9 327.4 808.0 0.02 88 9.7 30343 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -60.5 812.0 812.0 327.5 812.1 0.02 89 8.5 31180 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -59.7 849.5 849.5 328.4 849.6 0.02 90 8.1 31489 -53.3 -87.3 1 34.0 -58.2 871.6 871.6 328.8 871.8 0.02 91 7.9 31650 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -58.2 877.8 877.8 329.0 878.1 0.03 TRP 158 13264 -65.9 -77.9 17 12.0 -66.0 300 124 351.3 351.3 296.9 351.3 0.01 WND 155 13381 -65.7 -79.2 14 13.5 -65.8 300 127 353.6 353.6 297.4 353.6 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5387.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Freezing level: 838.00 mb = 1569.73 m = 5149.96 ft Freezing level: 838.00 mb = 1569.73 m = 5149.96 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.44 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 68.71 % Est. max temperature: 12.76 C = 54.97 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 935.21 mb = 700.73 m = 2298.96 ft T: -9.91 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.58 C/km ThetaE index: 1.58 C Layer 779.0- 776.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 408.90 mb = 7050.61 m = 23131.63 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.15 g/kg Conv temperature: 45.93 C = 114.67 F Cap Strength: 30.75 C Lifted Index: 31.76 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 36.59 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 22.17 C Showalter Index: 21.39 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: -1.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.00 C Cross Totals Index: -18.00 C K Index: -19.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 70.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.35 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 52.74 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 10.27 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 66943.05 J/kg Cap Strength: 31.60 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 823.16 mb = 1712.54 m = 5618.50 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 319 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 119 29 -25.2 14.1 1 946 610 110 15 -14.1 5.1 | 128 36 -28.6 22.1 2 925 787 115 21 -19.0 8.9 | 128 42 -33.6 25.8 3 910 914 115 22 -19.9 9.3 | 127 43 -34.5 26.2 4 876 1219 125 13 -10.6 7.5 | 134 35 -25.2 24.4 5 850 1456 160 8 -2.7 7.5 | 145 30 -17.3 24.5 6 811 1829 235 10 8.2 5.7 | 164 24 -6.4 22.7 7 780 2134 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 174 20 -2.0 20.3 8 751 2438 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 188 13 1.9 12.5 9 722 2743 280 28 27.6 -4.9 | 227 18 13.0 12.1 10 700 2993 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 222 23 15.4 16.9 11 668 3353 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 234 24 19.3 14.0 12 642 3658 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 244 15 13.6 6.7 13 593 4267 305 32 26.2 -18.4 | 277 12 11.7 -1.4 14 570 4572 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 274 11 10.8 -0.8 15 547 4877 295 43 39.0 -18.2 | 273 24 24.4 -1.2 16 526 5182 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 279 33 32.6 -5.0 17 500 5570 300 54 46.8 -27.0 | 287 34 32.2 -10.1 18 485 5791 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 281 39 38.0 -7.6 19 465 6096 290 56 52.6 -19.2 | 273 38 38.1 -2.2 20 400 7210 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 267 41 40.5 2.2 21 377 7620 285 59 57.0 -15.3 | 268 42 42.4 1.7 22 361 7925 290 60 56.4 -20.5 | 275 42 41.8 -3.6 23 303 9144 290 82 77.1 -28.0 | 280 63 62.5 -11.1 24 300 9220 290 84 78.9 -28.7 | 280 65 64.4 -11.8 25 250 10420 285 97 93.7 -25.1 | 276 80 79.1 -8.2 26 218 11278 290 101 94.9 -34.5 | 282 82 80.4 -17.6 27 200 11820 295 123 111.5 -52.0 | 290 103 96.9 -35.0 28 198 11887 295 124 112.4 -52.4 | 290 104 97.8 -35.5 29 170 12802 300 114 98.7 -57.0 | 295 93 84.2 -40.1 30 158 13264 300 124 107.4 -62.0 | 296 103 92.8 -45.1 31 155 13381 300 127 110.0 -63.5 | 296 106 95.4 -46.6 32 150 13580 305 119 97.5 -68.3 | 302 98 82.9 -51.3 33 147 13716 300 127 110.0 -63.5 | 296 106 95.4 -46.6 34 133 14326 310 103 78.9 -66.2 | 307 81 64.3 -49.3 35 115 15240 295 71 64.3 -30.0 | 285 51 49.8 -13.1 36 109 15545 290 76 71.4 -26.0 | 279 58 56.9 -9.1 37 104 15850 305 95 77.8 -54.5 | 301 74 63.3 -37.6 38 100 16080 305 79 64.7 -45.3 | 299 58 50.2 -28.4 39 99 16154 305 95 77.8 -54.5 | 301 74 63.3 -37.6 40 94 16459 300 88 76.2 -44.0 | 294 67 61.7 -27.1 41 77 17678 295 80 72.5 -33.8 | 286 60 58.0 -16.9 42 70 18250 310 67 51.3 -43.1 | 305 45 36.8 -26.1 43 70 18288 310 67 51.3 -43.1 | 305 45 36.8 -26.1 44 50 20280 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 303 28 23.7 -15.2 45 46 20726 310 51 39.1 -32.8 | 303 29 24.5 -15.8 46 44 21031 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 279 34 33.5 -5.5 47 42 21336 305 44 36.0 -25.2 | 291 23 21.5 -8.3 48 40 21641 300 42 36.4 -21.0 | 281 22 21.8 -4.1 49 36 22250 300 52 45.0 -26.0 | 287 32 30.5 -9.1 50 34 22555 280 51 50.2 -8.9 | 257 37 35.7 8.1 51 33 22860 290 56 52.6 -19.2 | 273 38 38.1 -2.2 52 30 23340 290 43 40.4 -14.7 | 265 26 25.9 2.2 53 29 23470 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 276 28 28.0 -2.9 54 28 23774 290 43 40.4 -14.7 | 265 26 25.9 2.2 55 27 24079 275 63 62.8 -5.5 | 257 50 48.2 11.4 56 25 24384 280 63 62.0 -10.9 | 263 48 47.5 6.0 57 21 25603 290 69 64.8 -23.6 | 278 51 50.3 -6.7 58 20 25820 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 252 55 52.4 16.9 59 19 26213 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 252 55 52.4 16.9 60 15 27432 265 77 76.7 6.7 | 249 66 62.2 23.6 61 13 28651 265 80 79.7 7.0 | 250 69 65.1 23.9 62 11 29566 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 241 84 73.3 40.5 63 10 30150 260 108 106.4 18.8 | 249 98 91.8 35.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 289.3 at 29.8 knts Storm direction: 319.3 at 22.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.4 neg: 1.1 tot: 7.5 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 110.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 308.4 neg: -8.6 tot: 299.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 99.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.57 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.3 stream: 7.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.08 Bulk Rich Number: 0.21 Bulk Shear: 249.54 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 100 14 124 34| 12.3 0.0 12.3| 42.5 -1.3 41.2 82.3 0.38| 12.9 4.8 1000 110 16 127 37| 5.3 0.0 5.3| 91.5 -3.1 88.4 88.4 0.36| 13.0 4.7 1500 119 14 132 36| 6.5 0.0 6.5|200.1 -3.1 197.0 131.3 0.55| 14.2 7.7 2000 135 13 138 36| 6.4 0.0 6.4|245.0 -3.1 242.0 121.0 0.57| 13.5 7.7 2500 168 15 150 36| 7.7 0.0 7.7|290.6 -3.1 287.5 115.0 0.61| 14.1 8.6 3000 236 17 179 26| 6.4 1.1 7.5|308.4 -8.6 299.7 99.9 0.57| 13.3 7.5 4000 272 21 201 17| 4.6 0.9 5.5|361.6 -8.6 352.9 88.2 0.58| 12.3 7.2 5000 285 24 221 14| 3.7 2.7 6.4|386.3 -12.0 374.3 74.9 0.49| 12.3 6.0 6000 289 30 242 15| 3.5 2.5 6.0|420.2-100.9 319.2 53.2 0.40| 11.6 4.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251226.12.gif