UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122412.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 24 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 24 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 192 280 10 SFC 997 215 1.4 -2.9 73 4.3 -0.3 280 10 274.8 275.3 273.1 283.3 3.09 2 978 370 0.4 -4.6 69 5.0 -1.4 286 15 275.3 275.8 272.9 283.0 2.77 3 925 815 -3.5 -5.8 84 2.3 -4.3 295 26 275.7 276.2 273.0 283.2 2.68 4 906 979 -5.3 -6.2 93 0.9 -5.6 299 26 275.5 276.0 272.8 282.9 2.65 5 850 1476 -9.3 -9.3 100 0.0 -9.3 325 26 276.4 276.8 272.7 282.6 2.22 6 837 1595 -10.1 -10.3 98 0.2 -10.2 329 30 276.8 277.1 272.7 282.7 2.08 7 828 1678 -9.1 -14.1 67 5.0 -10.5 333 35 278.7 279.0 273.0 283.2 1.55 8 813 1820 -7.1 -17.1 45 10.0 -9.7 340 44 282.3 282.5 274.5 285.9 1.23 9 794 2005 -6.3 -25.3 21 19.0 -10.4 340 50 285.0 285.2 275.0 287.0 0.62 10 777 2174 -6.7 -30.7 13 24.0 -11.2 339 56 286.4 286.5 275.4 287.6 0.38 11 765 2295 -6.5 -39.5 5 33.0 -11.5 335 58 287.9 287.9 275.9 288.4 0.16 12 756 2388 -5.3 -46.3 2 41.0 -10.9 332 60 290.2 290.2 276.9 290.4 0.08 13 738 2577 -5.3 -51.3 1 46.0 -11.1 328 64 292.2 292.2 277.8 292.3 0.05 14 700 2989 -8.7 -46.7 3 38.0 -13.6 330 69 292.9 292.9 278.2 293.1 0.08 15 614 3988 -17.3 -42.3 9 25.0 -20.2 330 71 294.2 294.2 278.9 294.7 0.15 16 601 4149 -17.1 -41.1 11 24.0 -20.0 327 78 296.2 296.2 279.9 296.8 0.17 17 595 4224 -15.5 -45.5 6 30.0 -19.0 326 81 298.9 298.9 281.0 299.3 0.11 18 573 4508 -16.3 -54.3 2 38.0 -19.8 323 87 301.2 301.2 281.9 301.3 0.04 19 567 4587 -16.7 -46.7 6 30.0 -20.1 322 89 301.6 301.7 282.2 302.0 0.10 20 527 5132 -21.1 -46.1 9 25.0 -23.7 320 98 302.7 302.7 282.7 303.1 0.12 21 520 5231 -21.3 -48.3 7 27.0 -23.9 319 99 303.6 303.7 283.0 304.0 0.09 22 516 5288 -21.1 -53.1 4 32.0 -23.8 319 98 304.6 304.6 283.3 304.8 0.05 23 500 5520 -22.9 -53.9 4 31.0 -25.4 315 97 305.1 305.1 283.5 305.3 0.05 24 481 5802 -24.9 -56.9 3 32.0 -27.1 317 96 306.1 306.1 283.9 306.2 0.04 25 477 5862 -25.3 -56.3 4 31.0 -27.4 318 95 306.3 306.3 284.0 306.4 0.04 26 467 6015 -26.7 -41.7 23 15.0 -28.2 319 94 306.4 306.5 284.2 307.2 0.21 27 459 6139 -27.9 -44.9 18 17.0 -29.4 320 96 306.4 306.5 284.2 307.0 0.15 28 457 6171 -27.9 -55.9 5 28.0 -29.7 320 97 306.8 306.8 284.2 307.0 0.04 29 456 6186 -28.1 -44.1 20 16.0 -29.6 320 98 306.8 306.8 284.3 307.4 0.17 30 451 6265 -28.5 -39.5 34 11.0 -29.7 320 102 307.2 307.3 284.7 308.2 0.27 31 449 6297 -28.5 -38.5 38 10.0 -29.6 320 103 307.6 307.7 284.8 308.7 0.31 32 447 6329 -27.7 -42.7 23 15.0 -29.2 320 104 309.0 309.0 285.2 309.7 0.20 33 445 6361 -27.7 -42.7 23 15.0 -29.2 320 106 309.4 309.4 285.4 310.1 0.20 34 435 6524 -28.1 -47.1 15 19.0 -29.7 320 109 310.9 310.9 285.8 311.4 0.13 35 400 7120 -31.5 -53.5 10 22.0 -32.9 320 112 314.0 314.1 286.8 314.3 0.07 36 393 7245 -32.3 -57.3 7 25.0 -33.7 319 114 314.6 314.6 287.0 314.8 0.04 37 391 7281 -32.3 -53.3 11 21.0 -33.6 318 114 315.1 315.1 287.2 315.3 0.07 38 376 7556 -34.9 -46.9 28 12.0 -35.8 316 118 315.2 315.2 287.3 315.7 0.15 39 367 7724 -36.7 -47.7 31 11.0 -37.4 315 120 315.0 315.0 287.2 315.5 0.14 40 355 7954 -38.7 -46.7 43 8.0 -39.2 314 121 315.3 315.3 287.4 315.9 0.16 41 353 7993 -39.1 -47.1 42 8.0 -39.6 314 121 315.2 315.3 287.3 315.8 0.16 42 350 8051 -39.7 -45.7 53 6.0 -40.1 314 122 315.2 315.2 287.4 315.9 0.18 43 342 8209 -40.9 -46.9 52 6.0 -41.2 313 123 315.7 315.7 287.5 316.3 0.16 44 332 8411 -42.1 -49.1 46 7.0 -42.5 312 124 316.7 316.7 287.8 317.2 0.13 45 330 8452 -42.5 -47.5 58 5.0 -42.8 312 124 316.7 316.7 287.9 317.3 0.16 46 327 8513 -42.7 -49.7 46 7.0 -43.0 312 124 317.3 317.3 288.0 317.7 0.12 47 319 8680 -44.1 -50.1 51 6.0 -44.4 311 125 317.6 317.6 288.1 318.0 0.12 48 313 8808 -44.9 -51.9 45 7.0 -45.2 311 126 318.2 318.2 288.3 318.6 0.10 49 312 8829 -45.1 -53.1 40 8.0 -45.4 311 126 318.2 318.2 288.3 318.5 0.09 50 307 8937 -45.9 -51.9 51 6.0 -46.2 311 127 318.6 318.6 288.4 318.9 0.10 51 303 9024 -46.7 -51.6 57 4.9 -46.9 310 128 318.6 318.6 288.4 319.0 0.11 52 300 9090 -47.1 -52.1 56 5.0 -47.3 310 128 319.0 319.0 288.5 319.4 0.10 53 288 9358 -48.9 -54.9 50 6.0 -49.1 310 129 320.1 320.2 288.9 320.4 0.08 54 277 9611 -50.9 -55.9 55 5.0 -51.0 311 135 320.8 320.9 289.1 321.1 0.07 55 263 9945 -53.1 -61.1 37 8.0 -53.2 313 149 322.4 322.4 289.5 322.6 0.04 56 257 10093 -52.9 -62.9 29 10.0 -53.1 314 155 324.8 324.9 290.3 325.0 0.03 57 252 10219 -53.3 -62.6 31 9.3 -53.5 315 160 326.0 326.0 290.6 326.2 0.03 58 250 10270 -53.5 -62.5 33 9.0 -53.7 315 159 326.5 326.5 290.7 326.7 0.03 59 210 11381 -58.9 -74.9 11 16.0 -59.0 315 125 334.8 334.8 293.0 334.8 0.01 60 200 11690 -55.9 -77.9 5 22.0 -56.1 310 130 344.2 344.2 295.3 344.3 0.00 61 150 13520 -56.1 -85.1 1 29.0 -56.4 310 92 373.4 373.4 301.2 373.4 0.00 62 100 16070 -61.9 -86.9 2 25.0 -62.1 295 71 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 63 92 16585 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 294 72 418.4 418.4 307.5 418.4 0.00 64 70 18260 -65.3 -89.3 2 24.0 -65.5 300 66 444.7 444.7 310.3 444.7 0.00 65 67 18526 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 296 68 452.0 452.0 311.0 452.0 0.00 66 55 19712 -70.1 -91.1 3 21.0 -70.2 288 66 465.4 465.4 312.3 465.4 0.00 67 53 19933 -68.1 -90.1 3 22.0 -68.3 292 64 475.0 475.0 313.1 475.0 0.00 68 50 20280 -70.1 -91.1 3 21.0 -70.2 285 59 478.3 478.3 313.3 478.3 0.00 69 47 20647 -72.3 -91.3 4 19.0 -72.4 290 55 481.6 481.6 313.6 481.6 0.00 70 46 20774 -70.7 -91.7 3 21.0 -70.9 290 59 488.4 488.4 314.1 488.4 0.00 71 42 21316 -69.7 -91.7 3 22.0 -69.9 295 63 503.7 503.7 315.2 503.8 0.00 72 42 21316 -67.9 -90.9 2 23.0 -68.1 295 63 508.2 508.2 315.5 508.2 0.00 73 39 21761 -69.3 -91.3 3 22.0 -69.5 285 58 515.5 515.5 316.0 515.6 0.00 74 37 22077 -67.9 -91.9 2 24.0 -68.2 278 55 527.0 527.0 316.8 527.0 0.00 75 36 22243 -64.9 -90.9 2 26.0 -65.3 275 53 538.9 538.9 317.5 538.9 0.00 76 33 22777 -63.3 -91.3 1 28.0 -63.8 278 57 556.7 556.7 318.5 556.7 0.00 77 33 22777 -63.5 -91.5 1 28.0 -64.1 278 57 556.2 556.2 318.4 556.2 0.00 78 32 22966 -62.5 -91.5 1 29.0 -63.1 279 58 563.8 563.8 318.8 563.8 0.00 79 32 22966 -59.1 -90.1 1 31.0 -60.0 279 58 572.9 572.9 319.3 572.9 0.00 80 30 23370 -60.9 -89.9 1 29.0 -61.7 295 50 578.6 578.6 319.6 578.6 0.00 81 26 24253 -63.9 -91.9 1 28.0 -64.6 281 44 594.3 594.3 320.3 594.3 0.00 82 26 24253 -61.7 -90.7 1 29.0 -62.6 281 44 600.5 600.5 320.6 600.5 0.00 83 25 24496 -61.3 -90.3 1 29.0 -62.2 273 46 608.4 608.4 321.0 608.5 0.00 84 23 25010 -63.7 -90.7 1 27.0 -64.4 268 47 616.1 616.1 321.3 616.1 0.00 85 20 25870 -62.5 -91.5 1 29.0 -63.5 280 70 644.9 644.9 322.5 644.9 0.00 86 19 26188 -61.1 -91.1 1 30.0 -62.3 280 71 658.7 658.7 323.0 658.8 0.00 87 18 26527 -58.7 -90.7 1 32.0 -60.3 267 66 676.6 676.6 323.6 676.6 0.01 88 17 26888 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -59.5 256 61 691.6 691.6 324.1 691.6 0.01 89 12 29061 -63.7 -91.7 1 28.0 -65.0 272 76 742.1 742.1 325.7 742.1 0.01 90 11 29602 -59.1 -90.1 1 31.0 -61.4 274 86 777.5 777.5 326.7 777.5 0.01 91 11 29602 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -61.7 274 86 776.0 776.0 326.6 776.1 0.01 92 10 30210 -51.7 -86.7 1 35.0 -56.5 265 89 826.6 826.6 327.9 826.7 0.02 93 9.8 30341 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -56.3 265 89 832.9 832.9 328.0 833.1 0.02 94 9.7 30407 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -56.3 265 89 836.1 836.1 328.1 836.3 0.02 95 9.5 30543 -48.5 -85.5 1 37.0 -54.8 266 89 850.9 850.9 328.4 851.2 0.03 96 8.9 30970 -48.9 -84.9 1 36.0 -55.3 267 89 865.4 865.4 328.7 865.7 0.03 97 8.8 31044 -47.5 -84.5 1 37.0 -54.5 267 89 873.6 873.6 328.9 873.9 0.04 98 7.6 31995 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -58.9 269 88 884.4 884.4 329.1 884.7 0.03 99 7.1 32429 -54.5 -87.5 1 33.0 -59.3 270 88 900.1 900.1 329.4 900.3 0.03 100 7.0 32520 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -59.1 270 88 905.4 905.4 329.5 905.7 0.03 101 6.7 32802 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -58.3 923.5 923.5 329.9 923.8 0.03 102 6.0 33516 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -58.5 954.9 954.9 330.4 955.3 0.04 103 5.9 33625 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -58.5 959.5 959.5 330.5 959.9 0.04 104 5.7 33849 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -57.6 977.7 977.8 330.8 978.3 0.05 TRP 210 11381 -58.9 -74.9 11 16.0 -59.0 315 125 334.8 334.8 293.0 334.8 0.01 WND 252 10219 -53.3 -62.6 31 9.3 -53.5 315 160 326.0 326.0 290.6 326.2 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5328.00 m Freezing level: 972.56 mb = 415.69 m = 1363.81 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.21 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 29.92 % Est. max temperature: 3.10 C = 37.59 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 932.45 mb = 750.94 m = 2463.69 ft T: -2.94 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.61 C/km ThetaE index: 0.52 C Layer 906.0- 837.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 897.25 mb = 1054.24 m = 3458.74 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.74 g/kg Conv temperature: 2.27 C = 36.09 F Cap Strength: 18.43 C Lifted Index: 18.62 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.48 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.73 C Showalter Index: 18.97 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 27.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.60 C Cross Totals Index: 13.60 C K Index: -33.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 149.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.87 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.37 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.96 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 2.46 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.50 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 899.79 mb = 1032.17 m = 3386.33 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 874.79 mb = 1251.84 m = 4107.05 ft Equ Level (EL): 834.79 mb = 1615.28 m = 5299.41 ft B at Equ Level: 2.84 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 824.79 mb = 1708.47 m = 5605.14 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 353 at 49 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 997 215 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 185 47 3.8 46.5 1 949 610 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 200 41 13.9 39.0 2 925 815 295 26 23.6 -11.0 | 205 41 17.5 37.3 3 913 914 295 26 23.6 -11.0 | 205 41 17.5 37.3 4 878 1219 315 27 19.1 -19.1 | 204 32 13.0 29.2 5 850 1476 325 26 14.9 -21.3 | 198 28 8.8 27.0 6 845 1524 325 26 14.9 -21.3 | 198 28 8.8 27.0 7 812 1829 340 44 15.0 -41.3 | 232 11 9.0 6.9 8 781 2134 340 55 18.8 -51.7 | 285 13 12.7 -3.4 9 751 2438 330 61 30.5 -52.8 | 281 25 24.4 -4.6 10 722 2743 325 68 39.0 -55.7 | 283 34 32.9 -7.5 11 700 2989 330 69 34.5 -59.8 | 292 31 28.4 -11.5 12 640 3658 325 70 40.2 -57.3 | 285 35 34.1 -9.1 13 615 3962 330 71 35.5 -61.5 | 294 32 29.4 -13.2 14 591 4267 325 83 47.6 -68.0 | 295 46 41.5 -19.7 15 545 4877 320 95 61.1 -72.8 | 294 60 55.0 -24.5 16 523 5182 320 99 63.6 -75.8 | 296 64 57.6 -27.6 17 500 5520 315 97 68.6 -68.6 | 288 66 62.5 -20.3 18 461 6096 320 94 60.4 -72.0 | 294 59 54.3 -23.8 19 442 6401 320 108 69.4 -82.7 | 299 72 63.3 -34.5 20 400 7120 320 112 72.0 -85.8 | 300 76 65.9 -37.5 21 372 7620 315 119 84.1 -84.1 | 295 86 78.1 -35.9 22 300 9090 310 128 98.1 -82.3 | 290 98 92.0 -34.0 23 298 9144 310 128 98.1 -82.3 | 290 98 92.0 -34.0 24 284 9449 310 129 98.8 -82.9 | 290 99 92.7 -34.7 25 252 10219 315 160 113.1 -113.1 | 301 125 107.1 -64.9 26 250 10270 315 159 112.4 -112.4 | 301 124 106.4 -64.2 27 246 10363 315 160 113.1 -113.1 | 301 125 107.1 -64.9 28 210 11381 315 125 88.4 -88.4 | 296 92 82.3 -40.1 29 203 11582 320 125 80.3 -95.8 | 303 88 74.3 -47.5 30 200 11690 310 130 99.6 -83.6 | 291 100 93.5 -35.3 31 185 12192 310 133 101.9 -85.5 | 291 103 95.8 -37.2 32 150 13520 310 92 70.5 -59.1 | 280 65 64.4 -10.9 33 145 13716 310 91 69.7 -58.5 | 279 64 63.6 -10.2 34 120 14935 305 104 85.2 -59.7 | 278 80 79.1 -11.4 35 114 15240 305 94 77.0 -53.9 | 275 71 70.9 -5.7 36 100 16070 295 71 64.3 -30.0 | 253 61 58.3 18.2 37 94 16459 295 71 64.3 -30.0 | 253 61 58.3 18.2 38 81 17374 285 77 74.4 -19.9 | 247 74 68.3 28.3 39 73 17983 290 79 74.2 -27.0 | 253 71 68.2 21.2 40 70 18260 300 66 57.2 -33.0 | 253 53 51.1 15.2 41 70 18288 300 73 63.2 -36.5 | 258 58 57.1 11.7 42 63 18898 290 59 55.4 -20.2 | 240 57 49.4 28.1 43 60 19202 280 63 62.0 -10.9 | 236 67 56.0 37.3 44 54 19812 290 67 63.0 -22.9 | 246 62 56.9 25.3 45 51 20117 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 243 52 46.5 23.7 46 50 20280 285 59 57.0 -15.3 | 237 61 50.9 33.0 47 49 20422 290 49 46.0 -16.8 | 232 51 40.0 31.5 48 44 21031 290 65 61.1 -22.2 | 245 61 55.0 26.0 49 42 21336 295 63 57.1 -26.6 | 247 55 51.0 21.6 50 36 22250 275 53 52.8 -4.6 | 227 64 46.7 43.6 51 31 23165 280 59 58.1 -10.2 | 234 64 52.0 38.0 52 30 23370 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 235 48 39.2 27.1 53 27 24079 290 42 39.5 -14.4 | 225 48 33.4 33.9 54 25 24384 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 221 59 38.8 44.3 55 24 24689 270 47 47.0 -0.0 | 220 63 40.9 48.2 56 21 25603 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 218 66 40.7 52.3 57 20 25870 280 70 68.9 -12.2 | 240 72 62.9 36.1 58 19 26213 280 71 69.9 -12.3 | 241 73 63.8 35.9 59 17 26822 255 61 58.9 15.8 | 220 83 52.8 64.0 60 16 27432 260 63 62.0 10.9 | 223 81 56.0 59.2 61 14 28042 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 223 73 49.7 53.1 62 11 29566 275 86 85.7 -7.5 | 243 89 79.6 40.8 63 10 30210 265 89 88.7 7.8 | 236 100 82.6 56.0 64 7 32520 270 88 88.0 -0.0 | 240 95 81.9 48.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 322.8 at 64.8 knts Storm direction: 352.8 at 48.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 9.4 neg: 2.9 tot: 12.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 104.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 316.4 neg: -47.9 tot: 268.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 89.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.41 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.3 stream: 6.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.01 Bulk Shear: 340.17 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 292 17 194 43| 15.0 0.0 15.0|157.4 0.0 157.4 314.8 0.92| 15.2 14.0 1000 297 22 199 40| 10.1 0.0 10.1|180.4 -6.9 173.5 173.5 0.58| 13.3 7.7 1500 308 24 201 36| 11.1 0.0 11.1|219.3 -31.7 187.6 125.1 0.42| 14.8 6.3 2000 321 30 207 28| 13.3 0.0 13.3|267.2 -31.7 235.6 117.8 0.51| 16.7 8.6 2500 324 37 219 24| 10.7 3.4 14.1|273.4 -37.6 235.8 94.3 0.40| 16.8 6.8 3000 325 42 232 22| 9.4 2.9 12.3|316.4 -47.9 268.6 89.5 0.41| 15.3 6.3 4000 326 50 252 23| 7.1 3.6 10.6|370.7 -69.4 301.3 75.3 0.37| 14.0 5.2 5000 325 58 268 28| 5.7 5.0 10.6|389.1 -93.7 295.4 59.1 0.31| 13.3 4.1 6000 323 65 276 33| 5.2 4.1 9.3|526.1-223.9 302.3 50.4 0.27| 12.9 3.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251224.12.gif