UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122400.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 24 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 24 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 125 SFC 989 215 3.6 2.7 94 0.9 3.2 235 15 277.6 278.4 276.9 290.5 4.70 2 949 550 3.0 1.3 89 1.7 2.2 260 30 280.3 281.1 277.9 292.6 4.43 3 925 757 1.0 0.8 99 0.2 0.9 265 33 280.3 281.1 277.9 292.5 4.38 4 916 836 0.4 0.4 100 0.0 0.4 267 33 280.5 281.2 277.9 292.4 4.30 5 850 1432 -3.3 -3.3 100 0.0 -3.3 280 36 282.7 283.3 278.0 292.6 3.52 6 836 1563 -4.1 -4.1 100 0.0 -4.1 285 38 283.2 283.8 278.0 292.8 3.37 7 834 1582 -3.7 -3.7 100 0.0 -3.7 286 39 283.8 284.4 278.4 293.7 3.48 8 832 1601 -1.1 -2.1 93 1.0 -1.5 286 39 286.7 287.4 280.4 298.0 3.94 9 830 1620 -0.5 -2.5 86 2.0 -1.3 287 39 287.6 288.2 280.7 298.6 3.83 10 817 1746 -1.1 -4.6 77 3.5 -2.5 292 42 288.2 288.8 280.4 297.9 3.32 11 813 1785 -1.3 -6.2 69 4.9 -3.2 293 42 288.4 289.0 280.0 297.1 2.95 12 811 1805 -1.1 -10.1 50 9.0 -4.3 294 43 288.8 289.2 279.2 295.3 2.18 13 808 1834 -1.1 -9.1 55 8.0 -4.0 295 43 289.2 289.6 279.6 296.2 2.37 14 796 1953 -1.5 -10.5 50 9.0 -4.7 297 44 290.0 290.3 279.7 296.4 2.16 15 785 2064 -1.5 -21.5 20 20.0 -6.8 299 45 291.1 291.3 278.6 293.9 0.87 16 780 2115 -1.5 -24.5 15 23.0 -7.2 300 46 291.7 291.8 278.5 293.8 0.67 17 763 2290 -2.3 -31.3 9 29.0 -8.4 303 54 292.6 292.7 278.6 293.8 0.37 18 757 2353 -2.1 -37.1 5 35.0 -8.5 304 57 293.5 293.6 278.7 294.2 0.21 19 746 2469 -2.1 -34.1 7 32.0 -8.5 305 61 294.7 294.8 279.4 295.7 0.29 20 700 2971 -5.5 -37.5 6 32.0 -11.1 300 66 296.4 296.4 280.1 297.1 0.22 21 630 3788 -12.1 -41.1 7 29.0 -16.2 295 71 297.9 298.0 280.7 298.5 0.17 22 607 4072 -13.5 -41.5 7 28.0 -17.3 295 77 299.5 299.5 281.4 300.1 0.17 23 605 4097 -13.5 -41.5 7 28.0 -17.3 295 78 299.8 299.8 281.5 300.4 0.17 24 598 4186 -12.3 -48.3 3 36.0 -16.7 295 80 302.2 302.2 282.4 302.5 0.08 25 587 4328 -12.5 -50.5 3 38.0 -16.9 295 83 303.5 303.6 282.9 303.8 0.06 26 500 5530 -22.5 -54.5 4 32.0 -25.0 295 92 305.6 305.6 283.7 305.8 0.05 27 469 5994 -26.9 -53.9 6 27.0 -28.7 295 91 305.8 305.8 283.8 306.0 0.05 28 427 6662 -31.7 -60.7 4 29.0 -33.1 300 91 308.0 308.0 284.6 308.1 0.03 29 404 7050 -33.5 -62.5 4 29.0 -34.8 302 97 310.6 310.6 285.5 310.6 0.02 30 400 7120 -33.9 -60.9 5 27.0 -35.1 305 100 310.9 310.9 285.7 311.0 0.03 31 397 7173 -34.1 -55.1 10 21.0 -35.2 305 102 311.3 311.4 285.9 311.5 0.05 32 391 7280 -34.5 -49.5 20 15.0 -35.5 305 106 312.2 312.2 286.2 312.6 0.11 33 389 7315 -34.9 -49.9 20 15.0 -35.8 305 108 312.1 312.1 286.2 312.5 0.10 34 387 7352 -34.9 -45.9 32 11.0 -35.7 305 109 312.6 312.6 286.5 313.2 0.16 35 373 7608 -36.3 -42.3 54 6.0 -36.8 305 119 314.0 314.1 287.1 314.9 0.25 36 372 7627 -36.3 -40.5 65 4.2 -36.7 305 120 314.3 314.3 287.2 315.3 0.30 37 370 7665 -36.5 -45.5 39 9.0 -37.1 305 120 314.5 314.5 287.1 315.1 0.18 38 363 7797 -37.3 -47.3 35 10.0 -37.9 305 122 315.1 315.2 287.3 315.7 0.15 39 358 7893 -37.9 -47.9 34 10.0 -38.5 305 122 315.6 315.6 287.5 316.1 0.14 40 357 7912 -38.1 -50.1 27 12.0 -38.8 305 123 315.6 315.6 287.4 316.0 0.11 41 336 8327 -41.3 -55.3 21 14.0 -41.9 305 127 316.7 316.7 287.8 317.0 0.06 42 324 8574 -43.3 -56.3 23 13.0 -43.8 305 129 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.5 0.06 43 316 8742 -44.1 -61.1 13 17.0 -44.6 305 131 318.4 318.4 288.3 318.6 0.03 44 304 9002 -45.3 -59.3 19 14.0 -45.7 305 133 320.3 320.3 288.9 320.5 0.04 45 300 9090 -46.1 -60.1 19 14.0 -46.5 305 134 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.5 0.04 46 271 9754 -52.3 -60.3 38 8.0 -52.5 308 138 320.8 320.8 289.0 321.0 0.04 47 262 9971 -54.1 -60.1 48 6.0 -54.2 309 140 321.3 321.3 289.2 321.5 0.04 48 256 10119 -54.9 -64.9 28 10.0 -55.1 310 141 322.3 322.3 289.5 322.4 0.02 49 254 10169 -55.3 -64.3 32 9.0 -55.5 310 142 322.4 322.4 289.5 322.5 0.03 50 252 10219 -55.5 -64.5 32 9.0 -55.6 310 142 322.8 322.8 289.6 322.9 0.03 51 250 10270 -55.7 -64.7 32 9.0 -55.8 310 142 323.3 323.3 289.8 323.4 0.03 52 235 10663 -58.5 -66.5 35 8.0 -58.6 310 131 324.8 324.8 290.2 324.9 0.02 53 230 10798 -58.5 -71.5 17 13.0 -58.6 308 126 326.8 326.8 290.8 326.8 0.01 54 226 10909 -56.5 -81.5 3 25.0 -56.7 306 122 331.5 331.5 292.1 331.5 0.00 55 225 10937 -56.3 -79.3 4 23.0 -56.5 305 121 332.2 332.2 292.3 332.2 0.00 56 220 11080 -56.7 -77.7 5 21.0 -56.9 303 115 333.8 333.8 292.7 333.8 0.00 57 212 11316 -56.5 -77.5 5 21.0 -56.7 300 109 337.6 337.6 293.7 337.6 0.00 58 201 11658 -52.7 -79.7 2 27.0 -53.1 300 110 348.8 348.8 296.4 348.8 0.00 59 200 11690 -52.9 -79.9 2 27.0 -53.2 300 109 349.0 349.0 296.4 349.0 0.00 60 150 13530 -54.9 -83.9 2 29.0 -55.3 305 104 375.5 375.5 301.5 375.5 0.00 61 100 16080 -61.7 -86.7 2 25.0 -61.9 300 84 408.5 408.5 306.3 408.5 0.00 62 89 16798 -62.9 -86.9 3 24.0 -63.1 298 86 420.0 420.0 307.7 420.0 0.00 63 82 17298 -65.9 -87.9 3 22.0 -66.1 295 90 423.8 423.8 308.2 423.8 0.00 64 81 17372 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 295 90 425.3 425.3 308.3 425.3 0.00 65 75 17844 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 283 79 445.6 445.6 310.4 445.7 0.00 66 70 18270 -63.1 -88.1 2 25.0 -63.4 285 81 449.4 449.4 310.8 449.4 0.00 67 68 18448 -63.5 -88.5 2 25.0 -63.8 288 80 452.3 452.3 311.1 452.3 0.00 68 65 18727 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 290 81 462.5 462.5 312.0 462.5 0.00 69 50 20320 -70.9 -90.9 4 20.0 -71.1 290 52 476.4 476.4 313.2 476.4 0.00 70 47 20688 -67.5 -90.5 2 23.0 -67.7 285 47 493.1 493.1 314.4 493.1 0.00 71 45 20949 -68.7 -90.7 3 22.0 -68.9 270 52 496.3 496.3 314.7 496.3 0.00 72 43 21223 -65.3 -89.3 2 24.0 -65.7 265 53 511.2 511.2 315.7 511.2 0.00 73 38 21968 -68.3 -91.3 2 23.0 -68.5 262 49 521.9 521.9 316.4 521.9 0.00 74 38 21968 -67.1 -90.1 2 23.0 -67.4 262 49 525.0 525.0 316.6 525.0 0.00 75 32 22999 -68.5 -91.5 2 23.0 -68.8 276 44 547.7 547.7 317.9 547.7 0.00 76 32 22999 -66.1 -91.1 2 25.0 -66.5 276 44 554.1 554.1 318.3 554.1 0.00 77 31 23191 -66.5 -91.5 2 25.0 -66.9 274 44 558.1 558.1 318.5 558.1 0.00 78 30 23390 -64.7 -90.7 2 26.0 -65.2 270 55 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.00 79 29 23598 -64.7 -90.7 2 26.0 -65.3 270 56 573.8 573.8 319.3 573.8 0.00 80 28 23814 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -62.9 270 57 586.8 586.8 320.0 586.8 0.00 81 28 23814 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -62.9 270 57 586.8 586.8 320.0 586.8 0.00 82 23 25020 -66.5 -91.5 2 25.0 -67.0 275 33 607.8 607.8 321.0 607.9 0.00 83 22 25292 -62.9 -90.9 1 28.0 -63.8 270 42 626.3 626.3 321.7 626.4 0.00 84 21 25578 -63.3 -90.3 1 27.0 -64.1 265 52 633.5 633.5 322.0 633.5 0.01 85 20 25880 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.6 265 40 647.9 647.9 322.6 648.0 0.01 86 19 26196 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -63.2 251 43 655.6 655.6 322.9 655.7 0.01 87 18 26531 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.9 270 50 674.7 674.7 323.6 674.7 0.01 88 17 26889 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.9 276 56 689.7 689.7 324.1 689.7 0.01 89 17 26889 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -60.6 276 56 687.1 687.1 324.0 687.2 0.01 90 16 27270 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -59.6 282 63 703.7 703.7 324.6 703.8 0.01 91 14 28106 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -61.5 282 62 723.6 723.6 325.1 723.7 0.01 92 12 29054 -65.7 -90.7 2 25.0 -66.8 274 74 735.0 735.0 325.5 735.0 0.01 93 10 30170 -61.7 -90.7 1 29.0 -63.6 275 88 789.2 789.2 327.0 789.3 0.01 94 9.4 30556 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -62.3 275 88 810.2 810.2 327.5 810.3 0.02 95 8.8 30970 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -61.7 275 88 829.5 829.5 328.0 829.6 0.02 96 8.2 31413 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -62.6 275 89 842.4 842.4 328.2 842.6 0.02 97 7.9 31647 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -61.7 275 89 857.1 857.1 328.5 857.2 0.02 98 7.5 31974 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -62.4 275 89 866.6 866.7 328.8 866.8 0.02 99 7.0 32410 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -60.5 275 89 896.3 896.3 329.4 896.6 0.03 100 6.3 33086 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -58.2 942.5 942.5 330.2 943.0 0.05 101 6.2 33190 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -58.0 948.5 948.5 330.3 949.0 0.05 102 6.1 33296 -50.9 -83.9 1 33.0 -57.7 955.5 955.5 330.4 956.1 0.06 TRP 235 10663 -58.5 -66.5 35 8.0 -58.6 310 131 324.8 324.8 290.2 324.9 0.02 WND 252 10219 -55.5 -64.5 32 9.0 -55.6 310 142 322.8 322.8 289.6 322.9 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5405.00 m Freezing level: 908.86 mb = 900.08 m = 2952.97 ft Wetbulb zero: 909.36 mb = 893.62 m = 2931.79 ft Precipitable water: 0.34 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 33.33 % Est. max temperature: 9.04 C = 48.27 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 975.37 mb = 327.67 m = 1075.00 ft T: 3.40 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.64 C/km ThetaE index: 3.26 C Layer 817.0- 808.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 921.06 mb = 791.30 m = 2596.08 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.38 g/kg Conv temperature: 6.37 C = 43.46 F Cap Strength: 12.18 C Lifted Index: 12.17 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 20.09 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.72 C Showalter Index: 11.76 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 38.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 19.20 C Cross Totals Index: 19.20 C K Index: -16.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 164.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.87 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 11.99 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.90 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 74677.70 J/kg Cap Strength: 12.20 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 926.89 mb = 740.51 m = 2429.47 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 325 at 48 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 989 215 235 15 12.3 8.6 | 162 51 -15.8 48.1 1 942 610 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 186 43 4.8 42.3 2 925 757 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 186 43 4.8 42.3 3 907 914 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 186 40 3.9 39.5 4 873 1219 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 189 37 5.8 36.5 5 850 1432 280 36 35.5 -6.3 | 193 34 7.4 33.2 6 808 1829 295 43 39.0 -18.2 | 207 24 10.9 21.3 7 778 2134 300 46 39.8 -23.0 | 216 20 11.8 16.5 8 749 2438 305 61 50.0 -35.0 | 258 22 21.9 4.5 9 720 2743 300 61 52.8 -30.5 | 250 26 24.7 9.0 10 700 2971 300 66 57.2 -33.0 | 257 30 29.1 6.5 11 640 3658 295 69 62.5 -29.2 | 253 36 34.5 10.3 12 590 4267 295 82 74.3 -34.7 | 264 46 46.2 4.8 13 545 4877 300 91 78.8 -45.5 | 277 51 50.7 -6.0 14 523 5182 300 92 79.7 -46.0 | 277 52 51.6 -6.5 15 500 5530 295 92 83.4 -38.9 | 269 55 55.3 0.6 16 462 6096 295 91 82.5 -38.5 | 269 54 54.4 1.0 17 442 6401 300 88 76.2 -44.0 | 275 48 48.1 -4.5 18 406 7010 300 95 82.3 -47.5 | 278 55 54.2 -8.0 19 400 7120 305 100 81.9 -57.4 | 288 57 53.8 -17.9 20 372 7620 305 120 98.3 -68.8 | 293 76 70.2 -29.4 21 300 9090 305 134 109.8 -76.9 | 295 90 81.7 -37.4 22 298 9144 305 133 108.9 -76.3 | 294 89 80.9 -36.8 23 252 10219 310 142 108.8 -91.3 | 303 96 80.7 -51.8 24 250 10270 310 142 108.8 -91.3 | 303 96 80.7 -51.8 25 246 10363 310 142 108.8 -91.3 | 303 96 80.7 -51.8 26 235 10663 310 131 100.4 -84.2 | 302 85 72.3 -44.7 27 213 11278 300 108 93.5 -54.0 | 283 67 65.5 -14.5 28 203 11582 300 113 97.9 -56.5 | 284 72 69.8 -17.0 29 200 11690 300 109 94.4 -54.5 | 283 68 66.3 -15.0 30 150 13530 305 104 85.2 -59.7 | 289 61 57.1 -20.2 31 146 13716 300 106 91.8 -53.0 | 282 65 63.7 -13.5 32 120 14935 295 80 72.5 -33.8 | 263 45 44.4 5.6 33 114 15240 290 100 94.0 -34.2 | 265 66 65.9 5.3 34 104 15850 295 114 103.3 -48.2 | 277 76 75.2 -8.7 35 100 16080 300 84 72.7 -42.0 | 273 45 44.7 -2.5 36 94 16459 300 84 72.7 -42.0 | 273 45 44.7 -2.5 37 81 17374 295 90 81.6 -38.0 | 268 54 53.5 1.4 38 73 17983 280 76 74.8 -13.2 | 241 54 46.8 26.3 39 70 18270 285 81 78.2 -21.0 | 250 53 50.2 18.5 40 70 18288 285 77 74.4 -19.9 | 247 50 46.3 19.5 41 66 18593 290 83 78.0 -28.4 | 257 51 49.9 11.1 42 52 20117 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 239 29 24.5 14.9 43 50 20320 290 52 48.9 -17.8 | 224 30 20.8 21.7 44 47 20726 285 47 45.4 -12.2 | 212 32 17.3 27.3 45 44 21031 265 54 53.8 4.7 | 210 51 25.7 44.2 46 42 21336 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 208 50 23.7 44.0 47 36 22250 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 201 51 18.2 47.6 48 34 22555 280 48 47.3 -8.3 | 212 37 19.2 31.1 49 31 23165 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 202 39 14.8 35.7 50 30 23390 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 214 48 26.9 39.5 51 27 24079 270 59 59.0 -0.0 | 218 50 30.9 39.5 52 26 24384 285 49 47.3 -12.7 | 216 33 19.2 26.8 53 24 24689 285 41 39.6 -10.6 | 202 31 11.5 28.8 54 23 24994 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 186 37 3.8 36.7 55 21 25603 265 53 52.8 4.6 | 209 51 24.7 44.1 56 20 25880 265 40 39.8 3.5 | 195 45 11.8 42.9 57 20 25908 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 210 46 22.9 39.5 58 19 26213 250 43 40.4 14.7 | 193 56 12.3 54.2 59 18 26518 270 50 50.0 -0.0 | 209 45 21.9 39.5 60 16 27432 285 66 63.8 -17.1 | 238 42 35.7 22.4 61 15 27737 285 58 56.0 -15.0 | 229 37 27.9 24.4 62 11 29566 270 80 80.0 -0.0 | 233 65 51.9 39.5 63 10 29870 275 92 91.6 -8.0 | 244 71 63.6 31.4 64 10 30170 275 88 87.7 -7.7 | 242 68 59.6 31.8 65 7 32410 275 89 88.7 -7.8 | 242 68 60.6 31.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 294.6 at 64.6 knts Storm direction: 324.6 at 48.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.9 neg: 3.0 tot: 10.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 94.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 474.5 neg: -26.5 tot: 447.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 149.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.65 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.1 stream: 8.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 283.76 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 258 26 177 45| 22.0 0.0 22.0|254.8 0.0 254.8 509.5 0.92| 22.7 20.9 1000 265 29 182 42| 12.6 0.0 12.6|277.1 -6.1 271.0 271.0 0.77| 14.7 11.3 1500 272 32 186 39| 11.9 0.0 11.9|340.0 -6.1 333.9 222.6 0.72| 14.0 10.1 2000 280 35 191 34| 11.9 0.0 11.9|395.1 -6.1 389.1 194.5 0.73| 13.8 10.0 2500 287 40 200 30| 9.5 2.3 11.8|451.2 -21.1 430.2 172.1 0.68| 14.2 9.7 3000 290 44 209 28| 7.9 3.0 10.9|474.5 -26.5 447.9 149.3 0.65| 13.1 8.5 4000 292 51 224 28| 5.9 4.1 10.0|548.0 -39.0 509.0 127.2 0.60| 11.9 7.1 5000 294 59 239 30| 6.1 3.3 9.3|698.3 -47.6 650.7 130.1 0.62| 11.0 6.8 6000 295 65 248 33| 5.0 2.9 7.9|729.3-147.1 582.2 97.0 0.52| 10.1 5.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251224.00.gif