UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122212.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 22 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 22 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1005 215 -5.5 -8.0 83 2.5 -6.2 180 4 267.3 267.6 266.6 272.9 2.08 1 1000 257 -4.9 -8.2 78 3.3 -5.9 200 6 268.2 268.6 267.3 273.8 2.06 2 991 328 -4.5 -7.9 77 3.4 -5.5 208 7 269.3 269.7 268.1 275.1 2.12 3 963 553 -6.5 -9.3 80 2.8 -7.3 233 11 269.5 269.9 268.0 274.9 1.96 4 937 767 -7.1 -9.6 82 2.5 -7.8 255 18 271.0 271.4 269.0 276.5 1.97 5 928 842 -7.5 -8.4 93 0.9 -7.8 263 21 271.4 271.7 269.5 277.4 2.18 6 925 867 -7.7 -8.5 94 0.8 -7.9 265 22 271.4 271.8 269.5 277.4 2.17 7 911 985 -8.5 -8.9 97 0.4 -8.6 269 24 271.8 272.2 269.7 277.7 2.14 8 908 1011 -8.3 -11.8 76 3.5 -9.2 270 25 272.3 272.5 269.3 277.0 1.70 9 904 1045 -8.1 -14.1 62 6.0 -9.6 271 26 272.8 273.0 269.2 276.8 1.42 10 901 1071 -6.9 -14.9 53 8.0 -9.0 273 27 274.3 274.5 270.0 278.1 1.33 11 899 1088 -6.3 -14.3 53 8.0 -8.4 274 28 275.1 275.3 270.6 279.1 1.40 12 895 1123 -6.3 -13.3 58 7.0 -8.2 275 29 275.5 275.7 271.0 279.8 1.53 13 878 1273 -7.1 -10.7 75 3.6 -8.2 282 33 276.1 276.5 272.1 281.6 1.92 14 860 1434 -7.3 -10.0 81 2.7 -8.1 287 35 277.6 277.9 273.1 283.4 2.08 15 855 1479 -7.5 -10.2 81 2.7 -8.3 289 35 277.8 278.2 273.2 283.6 2.05 16 850 1525 -7.7 -10.3 82 2.6 -8.5 290 36 278.1 278.4 273.4 283.9 2.05 17 832 1691 -8.9 -11.6 81 2.7 -9.7 290 39 278.5 278.8 273.4 283.9 1.89 18 823 1775 -9.5 -10.8 90 1.3 -9.9 290 40 278.8 279.1 273.8 284.6 2.04 19 815 1851 -9.7 -12.2 82 2.5 -10.4 291 41 279.3 279.6 273.8 284.6 1.84 20 809 1908 -8.9 -13.5 69 4.6 -10.2 292 42 280.8 281.0 274.3 285.6 1.67 21 802 1975 -8.7 -14.7 62 6.0 -10.4 295 42 281.7 281.9 274.6 286.1 1.52 22 794 2053 -8.7 -14.7 62 6.0 -10.4 297 43 282.5 282.7 275.1 287.0 1.54 23 785 2141 -9.3 -15.3 62 6.0 -10.9 300 44 282.8 283.0 275.2 287.1 1.48 24 778 2210 -9.5 -17.5 52 8.0 -11.5 301 45 283.3 283.5 275.1 287.0 1.24 25 769 2300 -9.9 -17.9 52 8.0 -11.9 303 46 283.8 284.0 275.3 287.4 1.21 26 757 2421 -11.1 -15.8 68 4.7 -12.3 305 47 283.8 284.0 275.7 288.1 1.47 27 726 2741 -13.7 -16.6 79 2.9 -14.4 305 49 284.3 284.6 275.9 288.6 1.44 28 700 3017 -15.9 -21.9 60 6.0 -17.1 310 46 284.9 285.0 275.5 287.7 0.95 29 698 3039 -16.1 -22.1 60 6.0 -17.3 310 46 284.9 285.1 275.5 287.7 0.93 30 652 3547 -21.1 -23.0 85 1.9 -21.4 306 48 284.8 285.0 275.5 287.6 0.92 31 651 3558 -21.3 -23.7 81 2.4 -21.7 306 48 284.7 284.9 275.3 287.4 0.87 32 649 3581 -21.1 -25.5 68 4.4 -21.8 306 48 285.2 285.4 275.3 287.5 0.74 33 647 3603 -20.3 -31.3 37 11.0 -21.8 306 48 286.4 286.5 275.5 287.8 0.43 34 643 3649 -19.5 -39.5 15 20.0 -21.7 305 48 287.8 287.8 275.9 288.4 0.19 35 602 4135 -23.5 -34.5 36 11.0 -24.8 301 51 288.6 288.7 276.5 289.8 0.34 36 596 4208 -24.3 -32.3 48 8.0 -25.3 301 51 288.5 288.6 276.6 289.9 0.43 37 595 4220 -24.5 -34.5 39 10.0 -25.6 301 52 288.5 288.5 276.5 289.6 0.34 38 593 4245 -24.7 -31.7 52 7.0 -25.6 300 52 288.5 288.6 276.6 290.0 0.45 39 580 4406 -25.9 -34.9 43 9.0 -26.9 303 51 288.9 289.0 276.7 290.0 0.34 40 566 4582 -26.7 -38.7 31 12.0 -27.9 307 49 290.0 290.1 277.0 290.8 0.24 41 563 4621 -26.7 -41.7 23 15.0 -28.0 308 49 290.5 290.5 277.2 291.0 0.17 42 559 4672 -26.5 -48.5 11 22.0 -28.0 310 48 291.3 291.3 277.4 291.6 0.08 43 533 5015 -28.7 -40.7 31 12.0 -29.7 313 50 292.6 292.7 278.3 293.3 0.21 44 517 5232 -29.5 -44.5 22 15.0 -30.6 309 57 294.2 294.3 279.0 294.7 0.14 45 511 5316 -30.1 -40.1 37 10.0 -31.0 308 59 294.5 294.5 279.2 295.3 0.23 46 508 5357 -30.5 -42.5 30 12.0 -31.4 307 60 294.5 294.5 279.1 295.1 0.18 47 502 5442 -31.1 -44.1 27 13.0 -32.0 305 63 294.8 294.8 279.2 295.3 0.15 48 501 5456 -31.3 -44.3 27 13.0 -32.2 305 64 294.7 294.7 279.2 295.2 0.15 49 500 5470 -31.3 -44.3 27 13.0 -32.2 305 64 294.9 294.9 279.3 295.4 0.15 50 491 5598 -32.3 -44.3 29 12.0 -33.1 306 66 295.2 295.2 279.4 295.7 0.15 51 489 5626 -32.3 -42.3 36 10.0 -33.1 306 67 295.5 295.6 279.6 296.2 0.19 52 482 5727 -32.9 -45.9 26 13.0 -33.7 307 69 296.0 296.0 279.8 296.5 0.13 53 477 5800 -33.5 -43.5 36 10.0 -34.2 308 70 296.2 296.2 279.9 296.7 0.17 54 474 5844 -33.5 -49.5 19 16.0 -34.4 308 71 296.7 296.7 280.0 297.0 0.09 55 400 7020 -37.7 -59.7 8 22.0 -38.5 310 117 306.0 306.0 283.8 306.1 0.03 56 328 8368 -45.4 -62.6 13 17.2 -45.9 315 135 313.2 313.2 286.5 313.3 0.03 57 300 8960 -48.9 -63.9 16 15.0 -49.2 315 134 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.5 0.02 58 275 9530 -51.9 -69.9 10 18.0 -52.2 310 130 320.1 320.1 288.8 320.1 0.01 59 250 10150 -51.5 -74.5 5 23.0 -51.8 310 116 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.5 0.01 60 200 11600 -50.5 -80.5 2 30.0 -51.0 305 93 352.8 352.8 297.3 352.8 0.00 61 150 13460 -55.5 -84.5 2 29.0 -55.8 290 74 374.5 374.5 301.4 374.5 0.00 62 100 16030 -58.5 -85.5 2 27.0 -58.9 295 53 414.7 414.7 307.1 414.7 0.00 63 95 16352 -60.3 -86.3 2 26.0 -60.6 292 50 417.3 417.3 307.4 417.3 0.00 64 91 16621 -58.3 -86.3 2 28.0 -58.7 285 53 426.4 426.4 308.4 426.4 0.00 65 87 16904 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.5 286 55 430.3 430.3 308.9 430.4 0.00 66 82 17277 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -57.6 301 53 441.8 441.8 310.1 441.8 0.00 67 70 18270 -61.3 -87.3 2 26.0 -61.7 300 49 453.2 453.2 311.1 453.3 0.00 68 65 18730 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.3 298 44 461.6 461.6 311.9 461.7 0.00 69 64 18826 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.9 296 42 466.8 466.8 312.4 466.8 0.00 70 52 20108 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.8 280 41 486.0 486.0 313.9 486.0 0.00 71 50 20350 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.8 285 34 499.0 499.0 314.9 499.0 0.00 72 49 20475 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 293 44 503.3 503.3 315.2 503.4 0.00 73 44 21138 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.5 278 34 510.8 510.8 315.7 510.8 0.00 74 39 21879 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.9 285 17 533.2 533.2 317.1 533.3 0.00 75 35 22543 -64.5 -90.5 2 26.0 -65.0 244 31 544.3 544.3 317.8 544.3 0.00 76 34 22720 -63.1 -90.1 1 27.0 -63.7 256 32 552.5 552.5 318.2 552.5 0.00 77 33 22903 -64.3 -90.3 2 26.0 -64.8 268 32 554.0 554.0 318.3 554.1 0.00 78 32 23092 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.3 280 32 563.2 563.2 318.8 563.2 0.00 79 30 23490 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -62.8 270 46 575.3 575.3 319.5 575.4 0.00 80 27 24143 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -61.1 270 44 598.6 598.6 320.6 598.6 0.01 81 26 24378 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -61.2 270 34 605.1 605.1 320.9 605.1 0.01 82 21 25686 -67.3 -91.3 2 24.0 -67.8 244 25 621.4 621.4 321.6 621.5 0.00 83 20 25980 -66.7 -91.7 2 25.0 -67.3 260 39 632.0 632.0 322.0 632.0 0.00 84 18 26619 -66.3 -92.3 1 26.0 -67.0 274 46 652.6 652.6 322.8 652.6 0.00 85 17 26970 -60.9 -89.9 1 29.0 -62.3 271 49 680.7 680.7 323.8 680.7 0.01 86 16 27347 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -63.0 266 48 690.0 690.0 324.1 690.0 0.01 87 15 27749 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -61.4 262 47 709.5 709.5 324.7 709.5 0.01 88 14 28179 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -63.1 259 46 716.8 716.8 325.0 716.9 0.01 89 14 28179 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -62.5 259 46 719.5 719.5 325.0 719.6 0.01 90 13 28638 -63.5 -90.5 1 27.0 -64.8 255 44 726.0 726.0 325.3 726.0 0.01 91 12 29130 -62.9 -90.9 1 28.0 -64.4 259 52 744.9 744.9 325.8 744.9 0.01 92 11 29669 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -62.9 247 53 770.9 770.9 326.5 771.0 0.01 93 10 30260 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -64.4 265 62 785.5 785.5 326.9 785.6 0.01 94 9.8 30384 -63.3 -90.3 1 27.0 -65.0 787.8 787.8 327.0 787.9 0.01 95 8.4 31336 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -63.6 831.2 831.2 328.0 831.3 0.02 96 8.0 31639 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -64.1 840.5 840.5 328.2 840.6 0.01 TRP 275 9530 -51.9 -69.9 10 18.0 -52.2 310 130 320.1 320.1 288.8 320.1 0.01 WND 328 8368 -45.4 -62.6 13 17.2 -45.9 315 135 313.2 313.2 286.5 313.3 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5213.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.25 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 57.12 % Est. max temperature: 5.07 C = 41.12 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 965.88 mb = 529.54 m = 1737.31 ft T: -6.29 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.28 C/km ThetaE index: 1.21 C Layer 700.0- 649.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 745.13 mb = 2542.08 m = 8340.05 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.03 g/kg Conv temperature: 11.24 C = 52.23 F Cap Strength: 15.87 C Lifted Index: 15.91 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 28.78 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.98 C Showalter Index: 9.58 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 44.60 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 23.60 C Cross Totals Index: 21.00 C K Index: 7.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 136.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.40 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 14.17 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.32 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 60438.25 J/kg Cap Strength: 15.74 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 917.39 mb = 931.11 m = 3054.77 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 332 at 34 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1005 215 180 4 0.0 4.0 | 155 38 -15.9 34.2 1 1000 257 200 6 2.1 5.6 | 159 38 -13.8 35.8 2 956 610 240 12 10.4 6.0 | 171 37 -5.5 36.2 3 925 867 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 191 33 6.0 32.1 4 919 914 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 191 33 6.0 32.1 5 884 1219 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 212 29 15.6 24.6 6 850 1525 290 36 33.8 -12.3 | 225 25 17.9 17.9 7 817 1829 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 234 28 22.6 16.2 8 785 2134 300 44 38.1 -22.0 | 250 24 22.2 8.2 9 755 2438 305 47 38.5 -27.0 | 262 23 22.6 3.2 10 725 2743 305 49 40.1 -28.1 | 265 24 24.3 2.1 11 700 3017 310 46 35.2 -29.6 | 268 19 19.4 0.6 12 641 3658 305 48 39.3 -27.5 | 264 24 23.4 2.7 13 590 4267 300 52 45.0 -26.0 | 262 29 29.2 4.2 14 542 4877 315 46 32.5 -32.5 | 278 17 16.6 -2.3 15 500 5470 305 64 52.4 -36.7 | 280 37 36.5 -6.5 16 457 6096 310 76 58.2 -48.9 | 294 46 42.3 -18.7 17 437 6401 310 83 63.6 -53.4 | 296 53 47.7 -23.2 18 401 7010 310 117 89.6 -75.2 | 301 86 73.7 -45.0 19 400 7020 310 117 89.6 -75.2 | 301 86 73.7 -45.0 20 366 7620 310 120 91.9 -77.1 | 302 89 76.0 -46.9 21 328 8368 315 135 95.5 -95.5 | 309 103 79.6 -65.3 22 320 8534 315 135 95.5 -95.5 | 309 103 79.6 -65.3 23 300 8960 315 134 94.8 -94.8 | 309 102 78.9 -64.6 24 292 9144 315 134 94.8 -94.8 | 309 102 78.9 -64.6 25 275 9530 310 130 99.6 -83.6 | 303 99 83.7 -53.4 26 250 10150 310 116 88.9 -74.6 | 301 85 73.0 -44.4 27 220 10973 310 117 89.6 -75.2 | 301 86 73.7 -45.0 28 200 11600 305 93 76.2 -53.3 | 291 65 60.3 -23.1 29 183 12192 310 75 57.5 -48.2 | 293 45 41.6 -18.0 30 174 12497 300 68 58.9 -34.0 | 275 43 43.0 -3.8 31 166 12802 290 70 65.8 -23.9 | 263 50 49.9 6.3 32 150 13460 290 74 69.5 -25.3 | 265 54 53.7 4.9 33 137 14021 285 74 71.5 -19.2 | 259 57 55.6 11.0 34 125 14630 295 82 74.3 -34.7 | 274 59 58.4 -4.5 35 119 14935 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 263 39 38.5 4.8 36 113 15240 295 63 57.1 -26.6 | 265 41 41.2 3.6 37 108 15545 305 68 55.7 -39.0 | 282 41 39.8 -8.8 38 100 16030 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 256 33 32.2 7.8 39 98 16154 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 256 33 32.2 7.8 40 93 16459 290 49 46.0 -16.8 | 246 33 30.2 13.4 41 89 16764 280 56 55.1 -9.7 | 242 44 39.3 20.5 42 81 17374 305 53 43.4 -30.4 | 270 28 27.5 -0.2 43 73 17983 295 62 56.2 -26.2 | 264 41 40.3 4.0 44 70 18270 300 49 42.4 -24.5 | 258 27 26.6 5.7 45 70 18288 305 50 41.0 -28.7 | 267 25 25.1 1.5 46 63 18898 295 41 37.2 -17.3 | 239 25 21.3 12.9 47 60 19202 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 210 38 19.0 33.2 48 55 19812 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 232 42 32.9 25.9 49 50 20350 285 34 32.8 -8.8 | 218 27 17.0 21.4 50 49 20422 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 246 27 24.9 11.2 51 45 21031 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 213 33 18.0 27.2 52 43 21336 285 35 33.8 -9.1 | 220 28 17.9 21.1 53 39 21946 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 177 26 -1.4 26.3 54 37 22250 225 11 7.8 7.8 | 168 39 -8.1 38.0 55 35 22555 245 32 29.0 13.5 | 197 46 13.1 43.7 56 32 23165 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 214 27 15.0 21.9 57 30 23490 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 225 43 30.1 30.2 58 27 24079 270 47 47.0 -0.0 | 226 43 31.1 30.2 59 26 24384 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 210 35 17.1 30.2 60 25 24689 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 209 28 13.7 25.0 61 23 24994 265 18 17.9 1.6 | 184 32 2.1 31.8 62 21 25603 240 22 19.1 11.0 | 184 41 3.2 41.2 63 20 25980 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 211 43 22.5 37.0 64 18 26518 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 228 39 28.9 26.3 65 17 27127 270 50 50.0 -0.0 | 228 46 34.1 30.2 66 16 27432 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 223 47 31.9 34.4 67 13 28651 255 44 42.5 11.4 | 213 49 26.6 41.6 68 12 29261 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 223 54 37.3 39.6 69 11 29566 245 50 45.3 21.1 | 210 59 29.4 51.3 70 10 30175 255 65 62.8 16.8 | 225 66 46.9 47.0 71 10 30260 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 232 58 45.9 35.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 302.3 at 45.5 knts Storm direction: 332.3 at 34.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 8.4 neg: 0.0 tot: 8.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 111.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 479.0 neg: -2.7 tot: 476.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 158.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.85 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.8 stream: 10.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.04 Bulk Rich Number: 0.06 Bulk Shear: 247.67 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 232 10 167 37| 15.7 0.0 15.7|153.6 0.0 153.6 307.2 0.96| 16.6 16.0 1000 260 17 181 33| 16.9 0.0 16.9|312.2 0.0 312.2 312.2 0.95| 18.4 17.6 1500 274 23 194 29| 13.9 0.0 13.9|376.0 0.0 376.0 250.7 0.93| 15.8 14.8 2000 282 28 205 27| 12.1 0.0 12.1|441.8 0.0 441.8 220.9 0.92| 14.7 13.6 2500 289 32 216 24| 10.5 0.0 10.5|471.5 0.0 471.5 188.6 0.92| 12.9 11.9 3000 294 34 224 23| 8.4 0.0 8.4|479.0 -2.7 476.3 158.8 0.85| 11.8 10.0 4000 297 38 235 22| 6.3 1.1 7.4|479.0 -14.8 464.2 116.1 0.73| 10.0 7.3 5000 300 41 243 22| 4.9 1.6 6.5|523.6 -14.8 508.8 101.8 0.63| 10.4 6.6 6000 302 45 255 23| 5.0 2.4 7.4|639.3 -18.1 621.2 103.5 0.59| 10.8 6.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251222.12.gif