UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122100.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 21 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 21 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 52 SFC 980 215 5.8 -9.2 33 15.0 0.4 210 18 280.6 280.9 274.6 286.1 1.94 2 947 496 4.0 -11.0 33 15.0 -1.1 217 38 281.5 281.8 274.9 286.6 1.74 3 937 583 4.2 -11.8 30 16.0 -1.2 219 44 282.6 282.8 275.3 287.4 1.65 4 925 689 3.8 -12.2 30 16.0 -1.5 225 50 283.2 283.5 275.6 287.9 1.62 5 912 804 3.0 -12.0 32 15.0 -2.0 230 53 283.5 283.8 275.8 288.4 1.67 6 910 821 3.2 -11.8 32 15.0 -1.9 231 53 283.9 284.2 276.1 288.9 1.70 7 890 1001 1.6 -11.4 37 13.0 -2.8 238 56 284.1 284.4 276.3 289.3 1.79 8 853 1341 -1.1 -9.1 55 8.0 -3.9 245 55 284.7 285.1 277.3 291.2 2.25 9 850 1369 -0.9 -7.9 59 7.0 -3.4 245 54 285.2 285.6 277.9 292.4 2.48 10 849 1378 -0.7 -7.7 59 7.0 -3.3 245 55 285.5 285.9 278.0 292.8 2.52 11 846 1407 -0.3 -8.3 55 8.0 -3.2 244 57 286.2 286.6 278.3 293.3 2.41 12 844 1426 1.2 -6.8 55 8.0 -1.9 243 58 288.0 288.5 279.5 295.9 2.72 13 830 1560 1.6 -7.4 51 9.0 -1.9 241 64 289.8 290.3 280.3 297.6 2.64 14 819 1668 2.8 -9.2 41 12.0 -1.7 245 63 292.2 292.6 281.0 299.1 2.32 15 813 1728 3.8 -4.2 56 8.0 0.3 247 62 293.8 294.5 283.0 304.0 3.44 16 752 2354 -2.3 -5.4 79 3.1 -3.6 254 57 293.9 294.5 283.0 303.9 3.40 17 715 2753 -4.9 -5.9 93 1.0 -5.3 250 53 295.3 295.9 283.6 305.5 3.44 18 700 2920 -5.3 -6.2 93 0.9 -5.7 250 56 296.6 297.2 284.1 306.9 3.43 19 693 2999 -5.7 -6.4 95 0.7 -6.0 249 57 297.0 297.6 284.3 307.3 3.42 20 687 3067 -5.9 -7.2 91 1.3 -6.4 248 57 297.5 298.1 284.3 307.3 3.24 21 661 3368 -6.3 -7.5 91 1.2 -6.8 244 60 300.4 301.0 285.5 310.4 3.29 22 614 3942 -9.1 -9.3 98 0.2 -9.2 240 67 303.6 304.1 286.4 313.1 3.08 23 572 4486 -12.3 -12.9 95 0.6 -12.5 240 73 306.0 306.5 286.7 313.9 2.48 24 500 5500 -19.1 -20.9 86 1.8 -19.6 245 88 309.8 310.0 286.9 314.5 1.45 25 495 5575 -19.7 -21.7 84 2.0 -20.2 246 90 309.9 310.2 286.9 314.4 1.36 26 490 5650 -19.5 -21.7 83 2.2 -20.0 248 91 311.1 311.3 287.3 315.6 1.38 27 452 6246 -23.1 -25.8 78 2.7 -23.7 256 89 313.8 314.0 287.9 317.3 1.03 28 438 6476 -24.7 -27.8 75 3.1 -25.3 258 86 314.6 314.8 288.0 317.7 0.89 29 428 6644 -26.1 -28.2 82 2.1 -26.5 259 83 314.9 315.1 288.1 317.9 0.88 30 425 6695 -26.5 -30.6 68 4.1 -27.2 260 82 315.0 315.2 287.9 317.5 0.70 31 400 7130 -29.9 -33.4 71 3.5 -30.4 255 86 316.1 316.2 288.1 318.1 0.57 32 382 7456 -32.7 -35.1 79 2.4 -33.0 255 85 316.6 316.7 288.2 318.4 0.51 33 381 7474 -32.9 -35.2 80 2.3 -33.2 255 85 316.6 316.7 288.2 318.4 0.50 34 374 7605 -33.5 -36.7 73 3.2 -33.8 255 85 317.5 317.6 288.4 319.1 0.44 35 359 7890 -35.7 -38.2 78 2.5 -36.0 255 89 318.3 318.4 288.6 319.7 0.39 36 351 8047 -36.9 -40.1 72 3.2 -37.2 255 92 318.7 318.8 288.7 319.9 0.33 37 347 8126 -37.5 -39.8 79 2.3 -37.7 255 94 319.0 319.0 288.8 320.2 0.35 38 341 8246 -38.7 -42.3 69 3.6 -39.0 255 96 318.9 319.0 288.7 319.9 0.27 39 339 8286 -39.1 -41.9 75 2.8 -39.3 255 96 318.9 319.0 288.7 320.0 0.28 40 337 8327 -39.3 -43.1 67 3.8 -39.6 255 97 319.2 319.2 288.8 320.1 0.25 41 331 8449 -40.5 -43.2 75 2.7 -40.7 255 99 319.2 319.2 288.8 320.1 0.25 42 326 8553 -41.5 -45.0 69 3.5 -41.7 255 101 319.2 319.2 288.7 320.0 0.21 43 311 8870 -44.5 -47.0 76 2.5 -44.6 255 107 319.3 319.4 288.8 320.0 0.18 44 305 9000 -45.7 -49.0 69 3.3 -45.9 255 109 319.4 319.5 288.7 320.0 0.15 45 300 9110 -46.5 -49.2 74 2.7 -46.6 255 111 319.8 319.8 288.9 320.4 0.14 46 293 9267 -47.9 -49.4 84 1.5 -48.0 256 111 320.0 320.0 288.9 320.5 0.14 47 284 9473 -49.7 -54.7 56 5.0 -49.8 256 113 320.3 320.3 288.9 320.6 0.08 48 282 9519 -49.9 -54.2 60 4.3 -50.0 257 113 320.6 320.7 289.0 321.0 0.09 49 279 9589 -50.1 -51.5 85 1.4 -50.1 257 113 321.3 321.4 289.3 321.8 0.12 50 277 9636 -50.3 -53.6 68 3.3 -50.4 257 114 321.7 321.7 289.4 322.1 0.09 51 276 9660 -50.5 -52.6 78 2.1 -50.5 257 114 321.8 321.8 289.4 322.2 0.11 52 273 9731 -51.1 -54.3 69 3.2 -51.2 258 115 321.9 321.9 289.4 322.2 0.09 53 271 9779 -51.3 -57.3 49 6.0 -51.5 258 115 322.3 322.3 289.5 322.5 0.06 54 260 10048 -53.5 -59.5 48 6.0 -53.7 259 117 322.9 322.9 289.7 323.1 0.05 55 257 10123 -54.1 -57.9 63 3.8 -54.2 259 118 323.1 323.1 289.8 323.3 0.06 56 254 10198 -54.9 -58.2 67 3.3 -55.0 260 118 323.0 323.0 289.8 323.2 0.06 57 250 10300 -55.5 -59.7 59 4.2 -55.6 260 119 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.7 0.05 58 243 10480 -56.1 -62.1 47 6.0 -56.2 260 127 325.3 325.3 290.4 325.4 0.04 59 239 10585 -55.9 -63.7 38 7.7 -56.1 260 132 327.1 327.1 290.9 327.2 0.03 60 200 11720 -54.3 -80.3 3 26.0 -54.6 255 91 346.8 346.8 295.9 346.8 0.00 61 150 13560 -54.7 -84.7 1 30.0 -55.1 265 79 375.8 375.8 301.6 375.8 0.00 62 100 16140 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 270 67 410.4 410.4 306.6 410.5 0.00 63 94 16523 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.3 270 68 415.0 415.0 307.1 415.0 0.00 64 92 16656 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.4 270 71 419.6 419.6 307.7 419.6 0.00 65 88 16931 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -62.9 270 76 421.7 421.7 307.9 421.7 0.00 66 85 17145 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 269 76 428.0 428.0 308.6 428.0 0.00 67 82 17369 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.1 268 66 438.5 438.5 309.7 438.5 0.00 68 82 17369 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.1 268 66 438.5 438.5 309.7 438.5 0.00 69 75 17924 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.8 277 54 441.9 441.9 310.1 441.9 0.00 70 70 18350 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -61.7 295 28 453.2 453.2 311.1 453.3 0.00 71 69 18439 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 297 30 456.0 456.0 311.4 456.0 0.00 72 66 18717 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -58.3 280 29 468.8 468.8 312.5 468.8 0.00 73 63 19009 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -59.8 255 23 471.5 471.5 312.8 471.5 0.00 74 61 19211 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -58.3 265 27 479.4 479.4 313.4 479.5 0.00 75 50 20450 -62.3 -90.3 1 28.0 -62.7 225 35 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 76 49 20575 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -62.2 225 36 501.0 501.0 315.0 501.0 0.00 77 40 21829 -63.3 -91.3 1 28.0 -63.8 263 39 526.9 526.9 316.7 526.9 0.00 78 35 22659 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -60.3 270 27 557.3 557.3 318.5 557.3 0.00 79 30 23620 -61.5 -90.5 1 29.0 -62.3 210 33 577.0 577.0 319.5 577.0 0.00 80 29 23830 -61.5 -90.5 1 29.0 -62.3 210 33 582.6 582.6 319.8 582.6 0.00 TRP 243 10480 -56.1 -62.1 47 6.0 -56.2 260 127 325.3 325.3 290.4 325.4 0.04 WND 239 10585 -55.9 -63.7 38 7.7 -56.1 260 132 327.1 327.1 290.9 327.2 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5448.00 m Freezing level: 868.07 mb = 1202.36 m = 3944.69 ft Freezing level: 845.60 mb = 1410.52 m = 4627.63 ft Freezing level: 775.00 mb = 2118.17 m = 6949.29 ft Wetbulb zero: 970.69 mb = 293.47 m = 962.81 ft Precipitable water: 0.56 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 74.89 % Est. max temperature: 14.97 C = 58.94 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 776.80 mb = 2093.77 m = 6869.23 ft T: 0.24 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.35 C/km ThetaE index: 0.11 C Layer 752.0- 715.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 505.62 mb = 5415.68 m = 17767.76 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.75 g/kg Conv temperature: 34.51 C = 94.12 F Cap Strength: 17.15 C Lifted Index: 18.79 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 22.74 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.79 C Showalter Index: 15.33 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 29.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.20 C Cross Totals Index: 11.20 C K Index: 9.40 Risk: None Sweat Index: 196.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.65 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 17.75 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.96 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 39970.08 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.60 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 738.03 mb = 2502.66 m = 8210.72 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 274 at 49 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 980 215 210 18 9.0 15.6 | 115 44 -39.8 18.9 1 934 610 220 46 29.6 35.2 | 153 43 -19.3 38.5 2 925 689 225 50 35.4 35.4 | 161 41 -13.5 38.7 3 899 914 235 55 45.1 31.5 | 174 35 -3.8 34.8 4 866 1219 245 57 51.7 24.1 | 186 28 2.8 27.4 5 850 1369 245 54 48.9 22.8 | 180 26 0.1 26.1 6 834 1524 240 65 56.3 32.5 | 192 37 7.5 35.8 7 802 1829 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 198 25 7.6 23.8 8 772 2134 250 59 55.4 20.2 | 196 24 6.6 23.5 9 743 2438 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 197 19 5.3 17.8 10 716 2743 250 53 49.8 18.1 | 183 21 1.0 21.4 11 700 2920 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 190 23 3.8 22.4 12 636 3658 240 62 53.7 31.0 | 188 35 4.9 34.3 13 611 3962 240 68 58.9 34.0 | 195 39 10.1 37.3 14 587 4267 240 72 62.4 36.0 | 199 42 13.5 39.3 15 542 4877 240 74 64.1 37.0 | 201 43 15.3 40.3 16 500 5500 245 88 79.8 37.2 | 217 51 30.9 40.5 17 480 5791 250 94 88.3 32.1 | 228 53 39.5 35.4 18 461 6096 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 236 47 39.1 26.8 19 424 6706 260 82 80.8 14.2 | 241 36 31.9 17.5 20 400 7130 255 86 83.1 22.3 | 233 43 34.2 25.6 21 373 7620 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 233 42 33.3 25.3 22 300 9110 255 111 107.2 28.7 | 241 67 58.4 32.0 23 298 9144 255 110 106.3 28.5 | 241 66 57.4 31.8 24 250 10300 260 119 117.2 20.7 | 251 72 68.4 24.0 25 243 10480 260 127 125.1 22.1 | 252 80 76.2 25.3 26 239 10585 260 132 130.0 22.9 | 252 85 81.2 26.2 27 236 10668 260 132 130.0 22.9 | 252 85 81.2 26.2 28 200 11720 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 236 47 39.1 26.8 29 195 11887 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 235 46 37.1 26.3 30 161 13106 265 105 104.6 9.2 | 257 57 55.8 12.4 31 150 13560 265 79 78.7 6.9 | 251 32 29.9 10.2 32 127 14630 255 64 61.8 16.6 | 213 24 13.0 19.9 33 121 14935 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 235 46 37.1 26.3 34 115 15240 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 254 40 38.8 11.0 35 100 16140 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 260 18 18.2 3.3 36 95 16459 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 260 18 18.2 3.3 37 86 17069 270 79 79.0 -0.0 | 264 30 30.2 3.3 38 78 17678 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 201 8 3.0 7.8 39 74 17983 280 54 53.2 -9.4 | 324 7 4.4 -6.1 40 71 18288 290 51 47.9 -17.4 | 4 14 -0.9 -14.1 41 70 18350 295 28 25.4 -11.8 | 70 25 -23.4 -8.5 42 67 18593 300 34 29.4 -17.0 | 55 24 -19.4 -13.7 43 64 18898 250 21 19.7 7.2 | 110 31 -29.1 10.5 44 61 19202 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 104 23 -21.9 5.6 45 55 19812 295 18 16.3 -7.6 | 82 33 -32.5 -4.3 46 53 20117 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 105 45 -43.8 12.0 47 50 20422 215 24 13.8 19.7 | 123 42 -35.1 23.0 48 50 20450 225 35 24.7 24.7 | 139 37 -24.1 28.0 49 46 21031 225 39 27.6 27.6 | 145 37 -21.2 30.9 50 43 21336 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 117 27 -24.4 12.2 51 41 21641 255 41 39.6 10.6 | 146 17 -9.2 13.9 52 37 22250 280 36 35.5 -6.3 | 78 14 -13.4 -3.0 53 34 22860 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 101 27 -26.9 5.2 54 31 23470 230 19 14.6 12.2 | 114 38 -34.3 15.5 55 30 23620 210 33 16.5 28.6 | 135 45 -32.3 31.9 56 26 24079 210 34 17.0 29.4 | 136 46 -31.8 32.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 243.9 at 65.2 knts Storm direction: 273.9 at 48.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.9 neg: 0.9 tot: 8.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 74.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 602.0 neg: -39.3 tot: 562.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 187.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.54 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 16.7 stream: 9.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.07 Bulk Rich Number: 0.10 Bulk Shear: 173.95 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 219 35 139 41| 34.6 0.0 34.6|390.4 0.0 390.4 780.8 0.98| 36.5 35.8 1000 230 45 156 36| 22.3 0.0 22.3|520.1 0.0 520.1 520.1 0.90| 28.1 25.2 1500 235 50 166 33| 16.6 0.0 16.6|580.7 -11.4 569.4 379.6 0.74| 25.4 18.7 2000 239 53 173 30| 11.9 0.0 11.9|587.7 -15.6 572.1 286.1 0.68| 20.8 14.1 2500 242 53 176 28| 9.5 1.0 10.5|588.6 -38.7 549.9 219.9 0.56| 18.5 10.4 3000 243 54 178 27| 7.9 0.9 8.9|602.0 -39.3 562.7 187.6 0.54| 16.7 9.1 4000 243 56 183 29| 5.9 2.4 8.3|668.0 -44.8 623.2 155.8 0.52| 14.6 7.6 5000 242 60 188 32| 5.7 2.1 7.7|775.9 -44.8 731.0 146.2 0.55| 12.8 7.0 6000 244 65 197 33| 6.0 1.7 7.7|1085.0 -44.81040.2 173.4 0.60| 13.1 7.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251221.00.gif