UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025122000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 20 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 20 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 52 SFC 979 215 -3.9 -8.1 73 4.2 -5.2 275 23 270.9 271.2 269.1 276.7 2.12 2 975 248 -4.5 -9.5 68 5.0 -6.0 275 24 270.6 270.9 268.5 275.8 1.90 3 946 487 -7.1 -10.5 77 3.4 -8.1 272 33 270.3 270.6 268.2 275.3 1.81 4 925 663 -8.7 -11.2 82 2.5 -9.4 270 36 270.4 270.7 268.2 275.3 1.75 5 900 874 -10.7 -12.0 90 1.3 -11.1 270 38 270.5 270.8 268.1 275.2 1.69 6 891 952 -11.3 -13.2 86 1.9 -11.8 270 40 270.6 270.9 268.0 275.0 1.55 7 889 969 -10.9 -14.8 73 3.9 -11.8 270 40 271.2 271.4 268.0 275.1 1.36 8 880 1047 -11.3 -16.3 66 5.0 -12.5 270 44 271.6 271.8 268.0 275.0 1.21 9 867 1161 -12.3 -17.3 66 5.0 -13.4 270 48 271.7 271.9 268.0 274.9 1.13 10 850 1312 -13.5 -17.6 71 4.1 -14.4 270 53 272.0 272.2 268.1 275.2 1.13 11 827 1520 -15.5 -17.0 88 1.5 -15.8 266 50 272.0 272.2 268.3 275.5 1.22 12 817 1612 -16.1 -17.0 93 0.9 -16.3 264 49 272.3 272.6 268.5 275.8 1.23 13 771 2045 -19.1 -21.2 83 2.1 -19.5 253 45 273.7 273.8 268.8 276.3 0.91 14 759 2162 -19.9 -20.7 93 0.8 -20.0 252 43 274.0 274.2 269.2 276.8 0.97 15 751 2241 -20.3 -21.8 88 1.5 -20.5 259 41 274.4 274.6 269.3 277.0 0.89 16 748 2270 -19.3 -19.5 98 0.2 -19.3 261 40 275.8 276.0 270.5 279.0 1.09 17 741 2340 -19.1 -19.2 99 0.1 -19.1 267 39 276.8 277.0 271.2 280.1 1.13 18 740 2350 -19.1 -19.2 99 0.1 -19.1 268 38 276.9 277.1 271.2 280.2 1.13 19 730 2451 -19.5 -19.6 99 0.1 -19.5 275 36 277.5 277.7 271.6 280.8 1.11 20 714 2617 -16.3 -16.5 98 0.2 -16.3 275 39 282.8 283.1 275.2 287.2 1.47 21 703 2734 -16.7 -16.7 100 0.0 -16.7 275 41 283.6 283.9 275.6 288.0 1.47 22 700 2766 -16.7 -16.9 98 0.2 -16.7 275 42 284.0 284.2 275.7 288.3 1.45 23 657 3241 -17.5 -18.2 94 0.7 -17.7 299 47 288.3 288.5 277.9 292.5 1.39 24 655 3264 -17.7 -18.9 90 1.2 -18.0 300 47 288.3 288.5 277.8 292.3 1.31 25 625 3612 -20.3 -20.8 96 0.5 -20.4 309 46 289.2 289.4 278.0 292.8 1.17 26 614 3744 -18.5 -22.5 71 4.0 -19.3 308 47 292.8 293.0 279.6 296.0 1.02 27 601 3903 -18.9 -23.0 70 4.1 -19.7 304 48 294.1 294.3 280.1 297.2 1.00 28 568 4321 -21.9 -24.4 80 2.5 -22.4 294 52 295.4 295.5 280.6 298.3 0.93 29 562 4399 -22.3 -25.2 77 2.9 -22.8 293 52 295.8 296.0 280.7 298.6 0.88 30 550 4557 -22.7 -28.7 58 6.0 -23.7 290 52 297.2 297.3 281.0 299.3 0.65 31 540 4691 -23.1 -30.1 53 7.0 -24.2 290 52 298.2 298.3 281.4 300.1 0.58 32 500 5250 -26.9 -33.9 52 7.0 -27.8 295 52 300.2 300.3 282.0 301.7 0.43 33 491 5381 -27.9 -33.9 56 6.0 -28.6 295 52 300.6 300.7 282.2 302.1 0.44 34 465 5772 -30.7 -42.7 30 12.0 -31.7 295 54 301.8 301.8 282.4 302.5 0.19 35 438 6195 -34.3 -44.3 36 10.0 -35.0 296 55 302.5 302.5 282.6 303.1 0.17 36 430 6324 -35.1 -45.1 35 10.0 -35.8 297 59 303.0 303.1 282.8 303.6 0.16 37 426 6390 -35.3 -49.3 23 14.0 -36.1 297 60 303.6 303.6 283.0 304.0 0.10 38 421 6472 -34.7 -60.7 5 26.0 -35.8 298 63 305.4 305.4 283.6 305.5 0.03 39 400 6830 -36.1 -67.1 3 31.0 -37.1 300 72 308.1 308.1 284.6 308.1 0.01 40 383 7129 -37.5 -67.5 3 30.0 -38.4 303 79 310.1 310.1 285.4 310.1 0.01 41 367 7422 -37.9 -68.9 2 31.0 -38.8 305 83 313.4 313.4 286.5 313.4 0.01 42 359 7573 -37.5 -68.5 2 31.0 -38.5 305 83 315.9 315.9 287.4 315.9 0.01 43 340 7946 -38.7 -69.7 2 31.0 -39.6 302 80 319.2 319.2 288.5 319.2 0.01 44 329 8170 -40.1 -70.1 3 30.0 -40.9 300 78 320.3 320.3 288.8 320.3 0.01 45 328 8191 -40.1 -71.1 2 31.0 -40.9 300 78 320.6 320.6 288.9 320.6 0.01 46 322 8317 -39.1 -71.1 2 32.0 -40.1 299 77 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.7 0.01 47 310 8576 -38.9 -71.9 2 33.0 -39.9 297 75 327.5 327.5 291.0 327.5 0.01 48 305 8687 -39.1 -72.1 2 33.0 -40.1 296 74 328.7 328.7 291.3 328.7 0.01 49 300 8800 -39.9 -71.9 2 32.0 -40.8 295 73 329.1 329.1 291.5 329.2 0.01 50 288 9077 -42.3 -72.3 2 30.0 -43.0 295 75 329.6 329.6 291.6 329.6 0.01 51 271 9487 -43.9 -74.9 2 31.0 -44.6 300 73 333.0 333.0 292.6 333.0 0.01 52 254 9923 -42.3 -77.3 1 35.0 -43.2 296 72 341.6 341.6 294.7 341.6 0.00 53 250 10030 -42.7 -77.7 1 35.0 -43.6 295 72 342.6 342.6 295.0 342.6 0.00 54 213 11107 -45.7 -80.7 1 35.0 -46.4 283 69 354.0 354.0 297.5 354.0 0.00 55 205 11364 -43.5 -79.5 1 36.0 -44.5 269 62 361.3 361.3 299.0 361.3 0.00 56 200 11530 -44.3 -80.3 1 36.0 -45.2 260 58 362.6 362.6 299.2 362.6 0.00 57 192 11802 -46.1 -81.1 1 35.0 -46.9 263 60 364.0 364.0 299.5 364.0 0.00 58 190 11872 -45.1 -81.1 1 36.0 -46.0 261 62 366.7 366.7 299.9 366.7 0.00 59 168 12690 -46.5 -81.9 1 35.5 -47.3 270 85 377.6 377.6 301.9 377.6 0.00 60 150 13440 -47.7 -82.7 1 35.0 -48.5 265 49 387.9 387.9 303.5 387.9 0.00 61 100 16080 -52.9 -84.9 1 32.0 -53.6 265 44 425.5 425.5 308.3 425.5 0.00 62 70 18340 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.6 280 27 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 63 66 18709 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 273 29 462.7 462.7 312.0 462.7 0.00 64 60 19304 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 263 26 474.6 474.6 313.0 474.6 0.00 65 56 19737 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.6 256 23 490.9 490.9 314.3 490.9 0.00 66 51 20326 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.4 247 20 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 67 50 20450 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.1 255 23 503.3 503.3 315.2 503.3 0.00 68 49 20576 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -59.9 250 23 506.7 506.7 315.4 506.7 0.00 69 42 21534 -61.3 -90.3 1 29.0 -61.9 243 34 524.5 524.5 316.6 524.6 0.00 70 41 21684 -60.1 -90.1 1 30.0 -60.8 241 36 531.2 531.2 317.0 531.2 0.00 71 34 22847 -61.1 -90.1 1 29.0 -61.8 265 30 557.7 557.7 318.5 557.8 0.00 72 30 23630 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -58.4 280 23 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.00 73 28 24067 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.8 280 19 599.6 599.6 320.6 599.6 0.01 74 26 24532 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -62.2 229 7 601.7 601.7 320.7 601.7 0.01 75 24 25029 -61.9 -90.9 1 29.0 -62.8 223 15 613.8 613.8 321.2 613.9 0.00 76 21 25863 -58.7 -89.7 1 31.0 -60.2 236 35 647.4 647.4 322.6 647.4 0.01 77 20 26170 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.6 250 30 658.9 658.9 323.0 659.0 0.01 78 18 26829 -61.3 -90.3 1 29.0 -62.6 255 28 668.4 668.4 323.4 668.4 0.01 79 17 27185 -59.3 -90.3 1 31.0 -60.9 237 23 685.8 685.8 324.0 685.8 0.01 80 15 27966 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -62.3 276 29 706.1 706.1 324.6 706.2 0.01 81 14 28396 -59.3 -90.3 1 31.0 -61.2 273 29 725.0 725.0 325.2 725.0 0.01 82 12 29347 -65.5 -91.5 2 26.0 -66.6 299 14 735.7 735.7 325.6 735.7 0.01 83 12 29347 -62.9 -91.9 1 29.0 -64.4 299 14 744.9 744.9 325.8 744.9 0.01 84 12 29347 -63.7 -91.7 1 28.0 -65.0 299 14 742.1 742.1 325.7 742.1 0.01 85 10 30480 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -60.9 280 46 802.7 802.7 327.3 802.8 0.01 86 10 30480 -57.7 -89.7 1 32.0 -60.6 280 46 804.2 804.2 327.4 804.3 0.01 87 10 30480 -57.7 -89.7 1 32.0 -60.6 280 46 804.2 804.2 327.4 804.3 0.01 88 9.4 30869 -58.3 -89.3 1 31.0 -61.2 278 48 816.2 816.3 327.6 816.4 0.01 89 8.9 31214 -56.5 -89.5 1 33.0 -60.0 277 50 836.1 836.1 328.1 836.2 0.01 90 8.4 31580 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -60.0 275 52 850.8 850.8 328.4 850.9 0.02 91 8.3 31656 -56.3 -89.3 1 33.0 -60.0 275 52 853.7 853.7 328.5 853.8 0.02 92 8.0 31892 -53.1 -88.1 1 35.0 -58.1 274 54 875.5 875.5 329.0 875.6 0.02 93 7.5 32307 -53.1 -87.1 1 34.0 -58.3 272 56 891.8 891.8 329.2 892.0 0.03 94 7.0 32750 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -59.1 270 58 905.4 905.4 329.5 905.7 0.03 95 6.4 33328 -52.1 -87.1 1 35.0 -58.2 937.4 937.4 330.1 937.7 0.03 96 6.2 33533 -53.3 -87.3 1 34.0 -59.0 940.8 940.8 330.2 941.1 0.03 TRP 271 9487 -43.9 -74.9 2 31.0 -44.6 300 73 333.0 333.0 292.6 333.0 0.01 WND 168 12690 -46.5 -81.9 1 35.5 -47.3 270 85 377.6 377.6 301.9 377.6 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5198.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 79.92 % Est. max temperature: -2.76 C = 27.02 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 916.18 mb = 736.93 m = 2417.73 ft T: -9.40 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.11 C/km ThetaE index: 1.75 C Layer 975.0- 889.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 867.81 mb = 1153.84 m = 3785.51 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.72 g/kg Conv temperature: -3.08 C = 26.45 F Cap Strength: 19.65 C Lifted Index: 20.72 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 38.13 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.53 C Showalter Index: 20.78 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 22.70 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.40 C Cross Totals Index: 9.30 C K Index: -4.40 Risk: None Sweat Index: 158.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.56 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.22 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.54 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70729.29 J/kg Cap Strength: 20.62 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 883.14 mb = 1019.67 m = 3345.33 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 315 at 35 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 979 215 275 23 22.9 -2.0 | 175 23 -1.8 22.7 1 931 610 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 206 28 12.3 24.7 2 925 663 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 205 27 11.3 24.7 3 895 914 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 208 28 13.3 24.7 4 860 1219 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 227 36 26.3 24.7 5 850 1312 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 229 38 28.3 24.7 6 793 1829 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 212 39 20.6 32.7 7 762 2134 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 203 43 16.6 39.8 8 731 2438 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 207 24 11.2 21.6 9 702 2743 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 217 27 16.1 21.2 10 700 2766 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 219 27 17.1 21.1 11 647 3353 305 48 39.3 -27.5 | 281 15 14.6 -2.8 12 620 3658 310 46 35.2 -29.6 | 295 12 10.5 -4.8 13 571 4267 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 263 23 22.4 2.8 14 548 4572 290 52 48.9 -17.8 | 254 25 24.2 7.0 15 526 4877 290 52 48.9 -17.8 | 254 25 24.2 7.0 16 500 5250 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 263 23 22.4 2.8 17 463 5791 295 54 48.9 -22.8 | 265 24 24.2 1.9 18 444 6096 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 264 23 23.3 2.3 19 400 6830 300 72 62.4 -36.0 | 287 39 37.7 -11.3 20 373 7315 305 83 68.0 -47.6 | 298 49 43.3 -22.9 21 356 7620 305 83 68.0 -47.6 | 298 49 43.3 -22.9 22 300 8800 295 73 66.2 -30.9 | 278 42 41.5 -6.1 23 285 9144 295 76 68.9 -32.1 | 279 45 44.2 -7.4 24 273 9449 295 79 71.6 -33.4 | 280 48 46.9 -8.6 25 271 9487 300 73 63.2 -36.5 | 287 40 38.5 -11.8 26 250 10030 295 72 65.3 -30.4 | 278 41 40.6 -5.7 27 249 10058 295 64 58.0 -27.0 | 274 33 33.3 -2.3 28 217 10973 290 73 68.6 -25.0 | 270 44 43.9 -0.2 29 200 11530 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 223 48 32.4 34.8 30 198 11582 270 52 52.0 -0.0 | 228 37 27.3 24.7 31 190 11887 260 63 62.0 10.9 | 226 52 37.3 35.7 32 168 12690 270 85 85.0 -0.0 | 248 65 60.3 24.7 33 165 12802 270 85 85.0 -0.0 | 248 65 60.3 24.7 34 151 13411 275 64 63.8 -5.6 | 244 43 39.1 19.2 35 150 13440 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 220 38 24.1 29.0 36 144 13716 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 214 40 22.6 33.1 37 137 14021 245 50 45.3 21.1 | 204 50 20.6 45.9 38 119 14935 250 77 72.4 26.3 | 223 70 47.7 51.1 39 114 15240 260 66 65.0 11.5 | 228 54 40.3 36.2 40 100 16080 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 214 34 19.1 28.6 41 99 16154 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 235 29 23.6 16.2 42 94 16459 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 194 43 10.6 41.2 43 86 17069 235 43 35.2 24.7 | 192 51 10.5 49.4 44 71 18288 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 193 28 6.2 27.4 45 70 18340 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 185 20 1.9 20.0 46 67 18593 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 193 23 5.2 22.1 47 50 20422 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 167 34 -7.5 32.8 48 50 20450 255 23 22.2 6.0 | 175 31 -2.5 30.7 49 48 20726 245 24 21.8 10.1 | 175 35 -3.0 34.9 50 46 21031 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 181 25 0.3 24.7 51 43 21336 250 31 29.1 10.6 | 187 36 4.4 35.3 52 41 21641 240 36 31.2 18.0 | 189 43 6.5 42.7 53 37 22250 250 42 39.5 14.4 | 201 42 14.8 39.1 54 36 22555 260 29 28.6 5.0 | 187 30 3.9 29.8 55 31 23470 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 200 23 8.2 21.9 56 30 23630 280 23 22.7 -4.0 | 174 21 -2.1 20.7 57 28 24079 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 164 22 -6.0 21.4 58 27 24384 245 8 7.3 3.4 | 148 33 -17.5 28.1 59 25 24689 210 5 2.5 4.3 | 143 37 -22.2 29.1 60 22 25603 245 31 28.1 13.1 | 185 38 3.4 37.8 61 21 25908 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 186 46 4.8 45.4 62 20 26170 250 30 28.2 10.3 | 186 35 3.5 35.0 63 20 26213 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 186 46 4.8 45.4 64 18 26822 255 28 27.0 7.2 | 184 32 2.3 32.0 65 17 27127 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 170 38 -6.7 37.4 66 16 27432 245 30 27.2 12.7 | 184 37 2.5 37.4 67 16 27737 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 191 28 5.2 27.4 68 15 28042 280 28 27.6 -4.9 | 188 20 2.9 19.9 69 14 28346 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 193 23 5.2 22.1 70 13 28651 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 178 29 -1.1 28.9 71 12 29261 305 12 9.8 -6.9 | 140 23 -14.9 17.9 72 11 29870 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 176 27 -1.8 26.7 73 11 30175 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 214 40 22.6 33.1 74 10 30480 280 46 45.3 -8.0 | 231 27 20.6 16.8 75 7 32750 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 233 41 33.3 24.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 285.0 at 46.6 knts Storm direction: 315.0 at 35.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.4 neg: 3.7 tot: 9.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 84.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 337.2 neg: -182.6 tot: 154.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 51.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.34 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.6 stream: 5.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.08 Bulk Shear: 41.67 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 271 31 195 25| 0.0 14.0 14.0| 83.6 -3.2 80.4 160.9 0.86| 15.1 13.0 1000 271 37 206 27| 0.0 14.4 14.4|177.9 -3.2 174.7 174.7 0.83| 15.0 12.4 1500 269 41 213 30| 0.0 8.8 8.8|191.5 -90.0 101.5 67.7 0.42| 13.7 5.8 2000 266 42 212 33| 0.0 5.5 5.5|204.7-182.6 22.1 11.0 0.17| 14.1 2.4 2500 267 42 212 32| 2.7 4.4 7.1|244.6-182.6 62.0 24.8 0.21| 14.8 3.0 3000 270 42 215 30| 5.4 3.7 9.1|337.2-182.6 154.5 51.5 0.34| 15.6 5.3 4000 279 43 226 25| 5.0 4.2 9.2|369.9-216.0 153.9 38.5 0.28| 14.6 4.1 5000 282 45 232 25| 4.4 3.9 8.3|391.4-243.8 147.6 29.5 0.25| 12.7 3.1 6000 285 47 238 24| 3.9 3.3 7.1|412.9-245.9 167.0 27.8 0.26| 11.0 2.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251220.00.gif