UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 18 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 18 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 145 110 5 SFC 991 215 0.0 -2.4 84 2.4 -0.9 110 5 273.9 274.4 272.7 282.7 3.23 2 984 272 2.2 -2.8 69 5.0 0.2 123 8 276.6 277.2 274.2 285.3 3.16 3 975 347 3.2 -2.8 65 6.0 0.8 140 13 278.4 278.9 275.2 287.2 3.19 4 968 406 3.6 -3.4 60 7.0 0.8 154 16 279.3 279.9 275.6 287.9 3.07 5 943 619 3.8 -4.2 56 8.0 0.6 200 29 281.6 282.1 276.7 290.0 2.96 6 933 706 3.2 -3.8 60 7.0 0.4 200 36 281.9 282.4 277.0 290.6 3.09 7 930 732 3.2 -4.8 56 8.0 0.0 200 38 282.1 282.6 276.8 290.3 2.87 8 925 776 5.0 -6.0 45 11.0 0.7 200 42 284.4 284.9 277.7 292.0 2.64 9 922 803 6.0 -8.0 36 14.0 0.7 199 43 285.7 286.1 277.8 292.3 2.27 10 919 829 6.0 -10.0 31 16.0 0.2 198 43 286.0 286.3 277.5 291.7 1.94 11 912 892 7.0 -19.0 14 26.0 -0.9 196 45 287.6 287.8 276.9 290.5 0.93 12 909 919 8.6 -38.4 2 47.0 -1.3 195 45 289.5 289.6 276.7 290.1 0.15 13 907 937 8.8 -36.2 2 45.0 -1.1 195 45 289.9 290.0 276.9 290.6 0.19 14 882 1168 9.0 199 45 292.5 15 855 1425 8.4 204 43 294.5 16 850 1473 8.2 -37.8 2 46.0 -1.9 205 43 294.7 294.8 279.3 295.3 0.17 17 765 2330 0.6 -22.4 16 23.0 -5.7 223 30 295.5 295.7 280.6 298.2 0.83 18 757 2414 0.2 -19.8 21 20.0 -5.7 224 30 296.0 296.2 281.0 299.3 1.05 19 753 2457 0.0 -15.0 31 15.0 -5.0 225 30 296.2 296.5 281.8 301.1 1.58 20 752 2467 0.0 -17.0 26 17.0 -5.3 225 30 296.3 296.6 281.5 300.5 1.34 21 750 2489 0.0 -23.0 16 23.0 -6.2 225 30 296.6 296.7 281.0 299.1 0.80 22 749 2499 0.2 -19.8 21 20.0 -5.7 225 31 296.9 297.1 281.4 300.3 1.06 23 744 2553 0.0 -14.0 34 14.0 -4.8 225 31 297.3 297.6 282.4 302.6 1.74 24 714 2881 -2.3 -13.3 43 11.0 -6.1 227 34 298.2 298.6 283.1 304.2 1.92 25 700 3038 -3.1 -19.1 28 16.0 -7.8 230 35 299.1 299.3 282.5 302.9 1.21 26 690 3152 -3.9 -22.9 21 19.0 -8.9 232 35 299.4 299.6 282.3 302.2 0.88 27 687 3186 -3.9 -29.9 11 26.0 -9.7 232 35 299.8 299.9 281.9 301.3 0.46 28 680 3267 -4.3 -31.3 10 27.0 -10.1 234 36 300.2 300.3 282.0 301.6 0.41 29 678 3290 -4.5 -30.5 11 26.0 -10.2 234 36 300.2 300.3 282.1 301.7 0.45 30 670 3383 -5.3 -31.3 11 26.0 -10.8 235 36 300.4 300.4 282.1 301.8 0.42 31 659 3513 -6.5 -23.5 25 17.0 -10.8 235 37 300.4 300.6 282.7 303.3 0.87 32 651 3608 -7.3 -33.3 10 26.0 -12.3 235 38 300.6 300.6 282.1 301.8 0.35 33 649 3632 -7.5 -34.5 9 27.0 -12.6 235 38 300.6 300.7 282.0 301.7 0.32 34 645 3680 -7.7 -26.7 20 19.0 -12.1 235 38 300.9 301.0 282.6 303.1 0.67 35 631 3851 -8.3 -31.3 14 23.0 -13.0 235 39 302.1 302.2 282.8 303.6 0.44 36 624 3937 -8.9 -25.9 24 17.0 -12.9 235 39 302.4 302.5 283.3 304.9 0.74 37 621 3975 -9.1 -28.1 20 19.0 -13.3 235 39 302.6 302.7 283.2 304.6 0.61 38 608 4138 -10.5 -31.5 16 21.0 -14.6 235 40 302.8 302.9 283.1 304.3 0.45 39 543 4996 -17.7 -25.7 50 8.0 -19.4 245 34 304.2 304.4 284.2 307.1 0.87 40 540 5037 -17.9 -25.9 50 8.0 -19.6 247 34 304.4 304.6 284.3 307.3 0.86 41 535 5107 -17.9 -23.9 59 6.0 -19.2 251 34 305.3 305.4 284.8 308.7 1.04 42 510 5463 -20.1 -27.1 54 7.0 -21.5 255 40 306.8 306.9 285.1 309.5 0.81 43 500 5610 -20.7 -31.7 37 11.0 -22.5 255 42 307.8 307.9 285.2 309.6 0.54 44 499 5625 -20.7 -31.7 37 11.0 -22.5 255 42 308.0 308.1 285.2 309.8 0.54 45 488 5789 -22.3 -31.3 44 9.0 -23.8 251 44 308.0 308.1 285.3 309.9 0.57 46 480 5910 -22.1 -39.1 20 17.0 -24.3 249 46 309.7 309.7 285.5 310.6 0.27 47 470 6064 -21.9 -47.9 8 26.0 -24.5 246 48 311.8 311.8 286.1 312.2 0.11 48 459 6238 -22.3 -57.3 3 35.0 -25.1 243 48 313.4 313.4 286.6 313.6 0.04 49 457 6270 -22.3 -55.3 3 33.0 -25.1 242 47 313.8 313.8 286.8 314.0 0.05 50 427 6763 -26.5 -47.5 12 21.0 -28.4 251 48 314.6 314.6 287.1 315.1 0.12 51 417 6933 -27.9 -42.9 23 15.0 -29.5 256 48 315.0 315.0 287.3 315.7 0.21 52 414 6985 -28.5 -41.5 28 13.0 -29.9 257 48 314.8 314.9 287.3 315.7 0.24 53 412 7020 -28.9 -34.9 56 6.0 -29.7 259 48 314.8 314.8 287.6 316.4 0.48 54 404 7159 -29.9 -36.9 51 7.0 -30.7 263 49 315.2 315.3 287.6 316.7 0.40 55 400 7230 -30.5 -36.5 56 6.0 -31.2 265 49 315.3 315.4 287.7 316.8 0.42 56 300 9200 -47.7 -54.7 44 7.0 -47.9 285 57 318.1 318.1 288.2 318.4 0.08 57 250 10380 -57.1 -67.1 27 10.0 -57.2 285 53 321.2 321.2 289.1 321.2 0.02 58 201 11730 -64.7 -73.7 28 9.0 -64.8 265 61 329.8 329.8 291.7 329.9 0.01 59 200 11760 -64.5 -73.5 28 9.0 -64.6 265 61 330.6 330.6 291.9 330.7 0.01 60 151 13527 -56.5 -83.1 2 26.6 -56.8 265 88 372.0 372.0 300.9 372.1 0.00 61 150 13570 -56.3 -83.3 2 27.0 -56.6 265 88 373.1 373.1 301.1 373.1 0.00 62 100 16130 -62.5 -86.5 3 24.0 -62.7 250 54 407.0 407.0 306.1 407.0 0.00 63 99 16192 -62.9 -86.9 3 24.0 -63.1 250 54 407.4 407.4 306.2 407.4 0.00 64 95 16446 -61.9 -86.9 2 25.0 -62.1 250 54 414.2 414.2 307.0 414.2 0.00 65 90 16780 -63.3 -87.3 2 24.0 -63.5 263 53 417.8 417.8 307.4 417.8 0.00 66 83 17282 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 268 47 435.4 435.4 309.4 435.4 0.00 67 78 17669 -61.9 -86.9 2 25.0 -62.2 272 41 438.2 438.2 309.7 438.2 0.00 68 76 17830 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -60.3 276 38 445.6 445.6 310.4 445.6 0.00 69 70 18340 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.2 275 39 449.8 449.8 310.8 449.8 0.00 70 67 18608 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.1 277 39 453.3 453.3 311.1 453.3 0.00 71 67 18608 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.4 277 39 457.2 457.2 311.5 457.2 0.00 72 61 19190 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 270 32 474.1 474.1 313.0 474.1 0.00 73 57 19610 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.5 265 29 478.9 478.9 313.4 478.9 0.00 74 54 19945 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -61.0 275 36 490.0 490.0 314.2 490.0 0.00 75 50 20420 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.5 275 31 494.8 494.8 314.6 494.8 0.00 76 49 20544 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.9 274 30 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 77 46 20935 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 271 27 511.6 511.6 315.8 511.6 0.00 78 42 21499 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.2 281 36 521.1 521.1 316.4 521.1 0.00 79 40 21802 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.7 290 36 532.4 532.4 317.1 532.4 0.00 80 38 22120 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.5 298 33 538.2 538.2 317.4 538.3 0.00 81 35 22631 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.6 306 24 553.7 553.7 318.3 553.7 0.00 82 35 22631 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.1 306 24 552.1 552.1 318.2 552.1 0.00 83 33 22999 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.2 273 27 570.5 570.5 319.2 570.5 0.00 84 30 23600 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.6 270 34 585.2 585.2 319.9 585.2 0.01 85 26 24499 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -60.4 275 35 607.3 607.3 320.9 607.4 0.01 86 25 24747 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.7 279 32 619.9 619.9 321.5 620.0 0.01 87 20 26140 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -64.0 285 18 643.0 643.0 322.4 643.1 0.01 88 18 26787 -63.9 -89.9 2 26.0 -64.8 290 17 660.2 660.2 323.1 660.2 0.01 89 16 27509 -64.1 -90.1 2 26.0 -65.1 299 26 682.1 682.1 323.9 682.2 0.01 90 14 28331 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -63.1 300 27 716.8 716.8 325.0 716.9 0.01 91 13 28788 -63.1 -90.1 1 27.0 -64.4 300 28 727.3 727.3 325.3 727.4 0.01 92 11 29824 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -61.9 296 25 775.3 775.3 326.6 775.4 0.01 93 11 29824 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -62.2 296 25 773.8 773.8 326.6 773.9 0.01 94 10 30422 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -60.7 310 26 803.4 803.4 327.3 803.6 0.02 TRP 201 11730 -64.7 -73.7 28 9.0 -64.8 265 61 329.8 329.8 291.7 329.9 0.01 WND 151 13527 -56.5 -83.1 2 26.6 -56.8 265 88 372.0 372.0 300.9 372.1 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5465.00 m Freezing level: 744.00 mb = 2552.98 m = 8375.82 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.23 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 30.66 % Est. max temperature: 20.92 C = 69.65 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 954.48 mb = 520.30 m = 1707.01 ft T: 3.71 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.84 C/km ThetaE index: 2.86 C Layer 700.0- 680.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 576.45 mb = 4542.21 m = 14902.09 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.27 g/kg Conv temperature: 29.56 C = 85.21 F Cap Strength: 15.21 C Lifted Index: 15.87 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 20.31 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 12.82 C Showalter Index: 10.72 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 11.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 28.90 C Cross Totals Index: -17.10 C K Index: -24.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 248.76 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.94 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 62.29 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 11.16 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 62921.08 J/kg Cap Strength: 15.69 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 772.76 mb = 2247.93 m = 7375.02 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 259 at 27 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 991 215 110 5 -4.7 1.7 | 83 32 -31.6 -3.6 1 944 610 200 28 9.6 26.3 | 140 27 -17.3 21.0 2 925 776 200 42 14.4 39.5 | 160 36 -12.5 34.2 3 910 914 195 45 11.6 43.5 | 158 41 -15.2 38.2 4 877 1219 200 45 15.4 42.3 | 163 39 -11.5 37.0 5 850 1473 205 43 18.2 39.0 | 165 35 -8.7 33.7 6 813 1829 215 36 20.6 29.5 | 166 25 -6.2 24.2 7 783 2134 220 29 18.6 22.2 | 154 19 -8.3 16.9 8 754 2438 225 30 21.2 21.2 | 160 17 -5.7 15.9 9 726 2743 225 33 23.3 23.3 | 169 18 -3.6 18.0 10 700 3038 230 35 26.8 22.5 | 180 17 -0.1 17.2 11 672 3353 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 190 16 2.6 15.3 12 645 3658 235 38 31.1 21.8 | 194 17 4.2 16.5 13 596 4267 235 40 32.8 22.9 | 198 19 5.9 17.6 14 550 4877 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 189 11 1.7 11.2 15 529 5182 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 242 8 6.9 3.7 16 500 5610 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 248 15 13.7 5.6 17 468 6096 245 48 43.5 20.3 | 228 22 16.6 15.0 18 448 6401 240 47 40.7 23.5 | 217 23 13.8 18.2 19 400 7230 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 273 22 21.9 -1.0 20 378 7620 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 280 30 29.1 -5.3 21 316 8839 280 62 61.1 -10.8 | 295 38 34.2 -16.1 22 302 9144 285 60 58.0 -15.5 | 304 37 31.1 -20.8 23 300 9200 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 305 35 28.2 -20.1 24 251 10363 290 51 47.9 -17.4 | 317 31 21.0 -22.8 25 250 10380 285 53 51.2 -13.7 | 308 31 24.3 -19.0 26 216 11278 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 305 35 28.2 -20.1 27 201 11730 265 61 60.8 5.3 | 270 34 33.9 0.0 28 200 11760 265 61 60.8 5.3 | 270 34 33.9 0.0 29 196 11887 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 271 30 29.9 -0.3 30 187 12192 270 57 57.0 -0.0 | 280 31 30.1 -5.3 31 169 12802 270 82 82.0 -0.0 | 276 55 55.1 -5.3 32 161 13106 270 69 69.0 -0.0 | 277 42 42.1 -5.3 33 151 13527 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 268 61 60.8 2.4 34 150 13570 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 268 61 60.8 2.4 35 147 13716 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 268 61 60.8 2.4 36 121 14935 280 67 66.0 -11.6 | 293 43 39.1 -16.9 37 115 15240 270 57 57.0 -0.0 | 280 31 30.1 -5.3 38 105 15850 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 262 20 19.4 2.8 39 100 16130 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 241 27 23.8 13.2 40 95 16459 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 241 27 23.8 13.2 41 86 17069 275 53 52.8 -4.6 | 291 28 25.9 -9.9 42 82 17374 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 274 18 17.9 -1.4 43 74 17983 280 36 35.5 -6.3 | 324 14 8.6 -11.6 44 71 18288 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 282 10 10.0 -2.1 45 70 18340 275 39 38.9 -3.4 | 306 15 12.0 -8.7 46 64 18898 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 316 17 11.5 -12.1 47 58 19507 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 71 3 -3.3 -1.1 48 55 19812 275 38 37.9 -3.3 | 308 14 11.0 -8.6 49 50 20420 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 334 9 4.0 -8.0 50 45 21031 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 10 5 -0.9 -5.3 51 43 21336 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 324 10 6.0 -8.2 52 41 21641 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 327 18 9.8 -15.1 53 35 22555 310 28 21.4 -18.0 | 13 24 -5.4 -23.3 54 34 22860 295 14 12.7 -5.9 | 52 18 -14.2 -11.2 55 32 23165 250 41 38.5 14.0 | 233 15 11.6 8.7 56 30 23600 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 307 9 7.1 -5.3 57 29 23774 285 36 34.8 -9.3 | 332 17 7.9 -14.6 58 28 24079 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 289 7 7.0 -2.4 59 26 24384 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 313 12 9.0 -8.5 60 25 24689 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 324 10 6.0 -8.2 61 24 24994 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 8 19 -2.6 -19.3 62 21 25908 290 23 21.6 -7.9 | 22 14 -5.3 -13.2 63 20 26140 285 18 17.4 -4.7 | 44 14 -9.5 -10.0 64 20 26213 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 35 21 -12.3 -17.5 65 18 26518 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 47 14 -10.5 -9.7 66 16 26822 300 26 22.5 -13.0 | 13 19 -4.4 -18.3 67 13 27432 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 8 19 -2.6 -19.3 68 11 28042 295 24 21.8 -10.1 | 18 16 -5.1 -15.5 69 10 28346 320 27 17.4 -20.7 | 20 28 -9.5 -26.0 70 7 29261 310 35 26.8 -22.5 | 0 28 -0.1 -27.8 71 6 29566 325 28 16.1 -22.9 | 21 30 -10.8 -28.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 228.8 at 36.6 knts Storm direction: 258.8 at 27.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.6 neg: 1.4 tot: 7.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 101.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 461.2 neg: -33.5 tot: 427.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 142.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.58 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.4 stream: 9.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.16 Bulk Rich Number: 0.87 Bulk Shear: 71.88 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 194 20 122 26| 38.3 0.0 38.3|334.8 0.0 334.8 669.6 0.91| 45.1 40.8 1000 197 32 145 31| 19.1 4.2 23.3|398.1 -8.7 389.3 389.3 0.79| 29.4 23.3 1500 200 35 152 32| 11.0 2.8 13.8|418.6 -8.7 409.9 273.2 0.69| 23.4 16.3 2000 204 35 154 29| 6.4 2.1 8.5|419.6 -33.5 386.2 193.1 0.55| 20.4 11.1 2500 208 34 156 27| 5.9 1.7 7.6|437.4 -33.5 404.0 161.6 0.56| 17.3 9.7 3000 211 34 159 25| 5.6 1.4 7.0|461.2 -33.5 427.8 142.6 0.58| 15.4 9.0 4000 218 35 167 23| 4.6 1.2 5.8|477.8 -33.5 444.3 111.1 0.59| 12.2 7.2 5000 223 35 172 21| 3.6 1.0 4.6|497.1 -41.0 456.2 91.2 0.56| 11.4 6.4 6000 229 37 182 19| 3.0 2.1 5.1|500.0 -81.3 418.8 69.8 0.43| 11.1 4.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251218.12.gif