UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 18 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 18 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 150 250 15 SFC 992 215 3.0 1.6 90 1.4 2.4 250 15 276.8 277.5 275.9 288.6 4.33 2 962 464 1.4 1.1 98 0.3 1.3 259 21 277.6 278.3 276.3 289.4 4.30 3 953 539 1.4 -0.4 88 1.8 0.6 262 23 278.4 279.0 276.2 289.1 3.89 4 940 650 0.4 -1.4 88 1.8 -0.3 265 25 278.4 279.1 275.9 288.6 3.67 5 929 744 -0.5 -1.4 94 0.9 -0.9 265 24 278.5 279.1 276.0 288.7 3.71 6 925 779 -0.5 -2.3 88 1.8 -1.2 265 24 278.8 279.4 275.9 288.5 3.49 7 923 796 -0.7 -2.9 85 2.2 -1.6 265 24 278.8 279.3 275.6 288.1 3.34 8 887 1113 -3.5 -3.5 100 0.0 -3.5 268 25 279.1 279.6 275.8 288.3 3.32 9 852 1430 -5.9 -5.9 100 0.0 -5.9 279 27 279.8 280.3 275.6 287.9 2.88 10 850 1448 -5.9 -5.9 100 0.0 -5.9 280 27 280.0 280.5 275.7 288.1 2.89 11 849 1457 -5.9 -6.0 99 0.1 -6.0 282 27 280.1 280.5 275.7 288.2 2.87 12 846 1485 -5.3 -7.7 83 2.4 -6.1 287 29 281.0 281.4 275.7 288.2 2.53 13 844 1504 -4.3 -11.3 58 7.0 -6.5 291 30 282.2 282.5 275.5 287.7 1.91 14 843 1513 -2.9 -13.9 42 11.0 -6.2 293 30 283.8 284.0 275.8 288.3 1.55 15 842 1522 -2.3 -14.3 39 12.0 -5.9 295 31 284.5 284.8 276.1 288.9 1.50 16 835 1589 -1.5 -14.5 36 13.0 -5.5 294 31 286.0 286.3 276.9 290.5 1.49 17 789 2036 -5.3 -15.3 45 10.0 -8.2 293 32 286.6 286.9 277.2 291.0 1.47 18 787 2056 -5.5 -16.5 42 11.0 -8.6 294 32 286.6 286.9 277.0 290.6 1.34 19 780 2126 -4.7 -27.7 15 23.0 -9.6 295 33 288.2 288.3 276.6 289.8 0.50 20 774 2187 -3.9 -42.9 3 39.0 -9.8 297 34 289.7 289.7 276.7 290.1 0.11 21 747 2466 -5.7 -48.7 2 43.0 -11.3 310 38 290.7 290.7 277.1 290.9 0.06 22 700 2971 -10.3 -49.3 2 39.0 -14.7 310 40 291.1 291.1 277.3 291.3 0.06 23 642 3629 -15.3 -48.3 4 33.0 -18.7 314 51 292.7 292.7 278.1 293.0 0.07 24 636 3700 -15.5 -51.5 3 36.0 -18.9 316 54 293.3 293.3 278.3 293.4 0.05 25 621 3879 -15.9 -51.9 3 36.0 -19.3 322 63 294.8 294.8 279.1 295.0 0.05 26 615 3952 -15.1 -53.1 2 38.0 -18.7 324 66 296.5 296.5 279.8 296.7 0.04 27 598 4163 -15.7 -52.7 3 37.0 -19.3 322 73 298.2 298.2 280.6 298.4 0.05 28 582 4368 -14.1 -44.1 6 30.0 -18.0 316 78 302.4 302.4 282.5 302.9 0.13 29 567 4565 -15.1 -51.1 3 36.0 -19.0 306 83 303.5 303.5 282.9 303.7 0.06 30 562 4632 -15.1 -47.1 5 32.0 -18.9 305 83 304.3 304.3 283.2 304.6 0.10 31 520 5211 -20.7 -41.7 13 21.0 -23.2 300 87 304.4 304.4 283.4 305.0 0.19 32 505 5427 -21.7 -39.7 18 18.0 -23.9 296 89 305.7 305.8 284.0 306.6 0.24 33 500 5500 -22.3 -41.3 16 19.0 -24.5 295 89 305.9 305.9 284.0 306.6 0.21 34 489 5664 -23.3 -44.3 13 21.0 -25.5 296 89 306.6 306.6 284.2 307.1 0.15 35 474 5891 -25.3 -39.3 26 14.0 -26.9 298 90 306.8 306.9 284.5 307.8 0.27 36 467 6000 -25.9 -43.9 17 18.0 -27.7 299 90 307.4 307.4 284.5 308.0 0.17 37 459 6125 -27.1 -49.1 11 22.0 -28.9 300 90 307.4 307.4 284.5 307.8 0.10 38 401 7083 -36.3 -50.3 22 14.0 -37.1 300 88 307.6 307.6 284.5 307.9 0.10 39 400 7100 -36.5 -50.5 22 14.0 -37.2 300 88 307.6 307.6 284.5 307.9 0.09 40 374 7562 -39.7 -58.7 11 19.0 -40.4 300 88 309.3 309.3 285.1 309.4 0.04 41 367 7690 -40.7 -59.7 11 19.0 -41.3 300 87 309.6 309.6 285.2 309.8 0.03 42 363 7764 -41.1 -60.1 11 19.0 -41.7 300 87 310.1 310.1 285.4 310.2 0.03 43 347 8069 -42.9 -61.9 11 19.0 -43.5 296 83 311.6 311.7 285.9 311.8 0.03 44 300 9030 -51.5 -62.5 26 11.0 -51.7 275 92 312.8 312.8 286.4 312.9 0.03 45 292 9205 -53.1 -63.1 29 10.0 -53.3 275 94 312.9 312.9 286.4 313.0 0.03 46 286 9339 -53.7 -65.7 22 12.0 -53.9 275 101 313.9 313.9 286.7 314.0 0.02 47 284 9385 -53.1 -67.1 17 14.0 -53.3 275 103 315.4 315.4 287.2 315.5 0.02 48 283 9408 -53.2 -67.1 17 13.9 -53.4 275 104 315.5 315.5 287.3 315.6 0.02 49 273 9639 -54.5 -67.5 19 13.0 -54.7 280 101 317.0 317.0 287.8 317.0 0.02 50 270 9710 -52.9 -70.9 10 18.0 -53.1 280 101 320.3 320.3 288.8 320.3 0.01 51 262 9906 -51.3 -72.3 6 21.0 -51.6 280 101 325.4 325.4 290.4 325.4 0.01 52 250 10210 -53.1 -72.1 8 19.0 -53.4 280 100 327.1 327.1 290.9 327.2 0.01 53 244 10366 -53.3 -73.3 7 20.0 -53.6 280 103 329.1 329.1 291.5 329.1 0.01 54 230 10747 -51.5 -75.5 4 24.0 -51.8 274 89 337.5 337.5 293.7 337.5 0.01 55 202 11577 -56.7 -78.7 5 22.0 -56.9 265 75 342.0 342.0 294.8 342.0 0.00 56 200 11640 -56.3 -79.3 4 23.0 -56.5 265 76 343.6 343.6 295.2 343.6 0.00 57 198 11704 -56.3 -80.3 3 24.0 -56.5 265 77 344.6 344.6 295.4 344.6 0.00 58 196 11769 -53.5 -81.5 2 28.0 -53.8 265 78 350.1 350.1 296.7 350.1 0.00 59 188 12037 -55.3 -82.3 2 27.0 -55.6 265 81 351.4 351.4 296.9 351.4 0.00 60 150 13490 -52.7 -82.7 1 30.0 -53.2 270 70 379.3 379.3 302.1 379.3 0.00 61 100 16090 -55.9 -84.9 1 29.0 -56.4 275 48 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 62 91 16686 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -58.9 260 55 426.0 426.0 308.4 426.0 0.00 63 80 17493 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.1 271 42 439.6 439.6 309.8 439.6 0.00 64 77 17733 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.2 263 38 448.5 448.6 310.7 448.6 0.00 65 70 18330 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.9 260 23 455.0 455.0 311.3 455.0 0.00 66 55 19814 -65.3 -89.3 2 24.0 -65.5 285 33 476.4 476.4 313.2 476.4 0.00 67 53 20041 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -62.9 275 39 488.0 488.0 314.1 488.0 0.00 68 51 20278 -62.9 -88.9 2 26.0 -63.3 265 46 492.5 492.5 314.4 492.5 0.00 69 50 20400 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.7 260 49 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 70 49 20525 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 262 49 503.3 503.3 315.2 503.4 0.00 71 42 21486 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.7 270 35 533.0 533.0 317.1 533.0 0.00 72 36 22454 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -59.0 265 35 556.5 556.5 318.5 556.5 0.01 73 31 23387 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.3 289 33 574.3 574.3 319.4 574.3 0.00 74 30 23590 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.4 290 34 573.7 573.7 319.3 573.7 0.00 75 28 24013 -64.3 -90.3 2 26.0 -64.9 290 33 580.7 580.7 319.7 580.7 0.00 76 27 24236 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -64.1 290 33 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.00 77 25 24705 -66.1 -91.1 2 25.0 -66.6 294 37 594.7 594.7 320.3 594.7 0.00 78 23 25210 -66.9 -91.9 2 25.0 -67.4 300 43 606.7 606.7 320.9 606.7 0.00 79 20 26060 -63.7 -90.7 1 27.0 -64.6 310 53 641.2 641.2 322.3 641.2 0.01 80 18 26711 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -62.9 315 51 667.1 667.1 323.3 667.2 0.01 81 14 28252 -66.5 -91.5 2 25.0 -67.3 333 37 700.6 700.6 324.4 700.6 0.01 82 12 29197 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -63.6 312 42 748.4 748.4 325.9 748.5 0.01 83 11 29733 -64.1 -91.1 1 27.0 -65.5 310 56 759.3 759.3 326.2 759.4 0.01 84 10 30320 -62.3 -90.3 1 28.0 -64.1 310 73 787.0 787.0 326.9 787.1 0.01 85 9.6 30573 -61.3 -90.3 1 29.0 -63.4 310 71 800.0 800.0 327.3 800.1 0.01 86 9.1 30910 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -59.4 310 68 833.8 833.8 328.0 834.0 0.02 87 8.7 31197 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -58.6 310 66 850.0 850.1 328.4 850.3 0.03 88 8.3 31500 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -58.2 310 63 864.7 864.7 328.7 865.0 0.03 89 8.0 31737 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -59.1 310 61 869.1 869.1 328.8 869.4 0.03 90 7.5 32153 -51.7 -84.7 1 33.0 -57.5 310 58 897.4 897.5 329.4 897.8 0.04 91 7.0 32600 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -58.2 310 54 912.0 912.0 329.7 912.5 0.04 92 6.5 33077 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -59.6 923.1 923.1 329.8 923.5 0.03 93 6.0 33592 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -58.3 955.7 955.8 330.4 956.2 0.05 TRP 273 9639 -54.5 -67.5 19 13.0 -54.7 280 101 317.0 317.0 287.8 317.0 0.02 WND 283 9408 -53.2 -67.1 17 13.9 -53.4 275 104 315.5 315.5 287.3 315.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5350.00 m Freezing level: 935.11 mb = 691.95 m = 2270.14 ft Wetbulb zero: 944.46 mb = 611.83 m = 2007.28 ft Precipitable water: 0.27 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 30.12 % Est. max temperature: 10.70 C = 51.26 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 970.64 mb = 391.12 m = 1283.20 ft T: 1.87 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.74 C/km ThetaE index: 1.22 C Layer 787.0- 774.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 914.84 mb = 866.87 m = 2844.03 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.79 g/kg Conv temperature: 5.04 C = 41.08 F Cap Strength: 14.90 C Lifted Index: 14.95 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.09 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.20 C Showalter Index: 15.36 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 32.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.40 C Cross Totals Index: 16.40 C K Index: -28.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 143.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.91 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 13.10 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.12 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 4.60 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.92 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 923.68 mb = 790.44 m = 2593.27 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 888.68 mb = 1097.58 m = 3600.93 ft Equ Level (EL): 848.68 mb = 1460.19 m = 4790.60 ft B at Equ Level: 10.28 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 838.68 mb = 1553.74 m = 5097.50 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 332 at 41 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 992 215 250 15 14.1 5.1 | 173 41 -4.8 41.1 1 945 610 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 189 39 6.0 38.1 2 925 779 265 24 23.9 2.1 | 188 38 5.0 38.0 3 909 914 265 24 23.9 2.1 | 188 38 5.0 38.0 4 875 1219 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 190 36 6.1 35.9 5 850 1448 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 194 32 7.7 31.2 6 842 1524 295 31 28.1 -13.1 | 202 25 9.2 22.8 7 810 1829 290 31 29.1 -10.6 | 202 27 10.3 25.3 8 779 2134 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 207 25 11.0 22.0 9 749 2438 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 222 15 10.2 11.5 10 721 2743 315 38 26.9 -26.9 | 221 12 8.0 9.1 11 700 2971 310 40 30.6 -25.7 | 229 16 11.8 10.2 12 665 3353 310 46 35.2 -29.6 | 249 18 16.4 6.4 13 639 3658 315 52 36.8 -36.8 | 273 18 17.9 -0.8 14 613 3962 325 67 38.4 -54.9 | 314 27 19.6 -19.0 15 589 4267 320 76 48.9 -58.2 | 307 37 30.0 -22.3 16 566 4572 305 83 68.0 -47.6 | 283 50 49.1 -11.7 17 543 4877 305 83 68.0 -47.6 | 283 50 49.1 -11.7 18 501 5486 295 90 81.6 -38.0 | 272 63 62.7 -2.1 19 500 5500 295 89 80.7 -37.6 | 272 62 61.8 -1.7 20 460 6096 300 90 77.9 -45.0 | 279 60 59.1 -9.1 21 400 7100 300 88 76.2 -44.0 | 278 58 57.3 -8.1 22 370 7620 300 88 76.2 -44.0 | 278 58 57.3 -8.1 23 354 7925 300 85 73.6 -42.5 | 277 55 54.7 -6.6 24 338 8230 290 81 76.1 -27.7 | 262 58 57.2 8.2 25 300 9030 275 92 91.6 -8.0 | 249 78 72.8 27.9 26 295 9144 275 91 90.7 -7.9 | 249 77 71.8 28.0 27 283 9408 275 104 103.6 -9.1 | 252 89 84.7 26.9 28 281 9449 275 104 103.6 -9.1 | 252 89 84.7 26.9 29 273 9639 280 101 99.5 -17.5 | 257 83 80.6 18.4 30 250 10210 280 100 98.5 -17.4 | 257 82 79.6 18.6 31 244 10363 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 258 85 82.6 18.0 32 212 11278 265 70 69.7 6.1 | 230 66 50.9 42.0 33 200 11640 265 76 75.7 6.6 | 233 71 56.8 42.6 34 184 12192 265 83 82.7 7.2 | 236 77 63.8 43.2 35 167 12802 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 228 63 46.9 41.7 36 159 13106 260 70 68.9 12.2 | 226 69 50.1 48.1 37 150 13490 270 70 70.0 -0.0 | 235 62 51.1 35.9 38 126 14630 275 72 71.7 -6.3 | 241 61 52.9 29.7 39 120 14935 285 66 63.8 -17.1 | 247 49 44.9 18.8 40 114 15240 270 57 57.0 -0.0 | 227 52 38.1 35.9 41 100 16090 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 222 43 29.0 31.7 42 99 16154 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 220 42 27.0 31.9 43 94 16459 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 222 43 29.0 31.7 44 90 16764 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 216 62 36.2 50.7 45 82 17374 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 218 41 25.0 32.1 46 74 17983 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 197 47 14.0 44.7 47 70 18288 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 198 44 13.6 41.7 48 70 18330 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 185 40 3.8 39.9 49 67 18593 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 185 40 3.8 39.9 50 55 19812 285 33 31.9 -8.5 | 205 30 13.0 27.4 51 50 20400 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 213 53 29.4 44.4 52 47 20726 265 50 49.8 4.4 | 218 51 30.9 40.3 53 43 21336 285 36 34.8 -9.3 | 211 31 15.9 26.6 54 41 21641 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 197 47 14.0 44.7 55 39 21946 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 203 39 15.1 35.9 56 37 22250 265 40 39.8 3.5 | 208 45 21.0 39.4 57 35 22555 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 199 41 13.0 38.7 58 34 22860 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 198 30 9.1 28.4 59 30 23590 290 34 31.9 -11.6 | 208 28 13.1 24.3 60 26 24384 290 33 31.0 -11.3 | 206 27 12.1 24.6 61 20 26060 310 53 40.6 -34.1 | 265 22 21.7 1.9 62 19 26518 315 54 38.2 -38.2 | 277 19 19.3 -2.3 63 16 27432 315 41 29.0 -29.0 | 236 12 10.1 6.9 64 14 28346 335 36 15.2 -32.6 | 132 5 -3.7 3.3 65 13 28651 325 32 18.4 -26.2 | 177 10 -0.5 9.7 66 12 29261 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 240 16 14.1 8.3 67 10 30320 310 73 55.9 -46.9 | 287 39 37.1 -11.0 68 7 32600 310 54 41.4 -34.7 | 267 23 22.5 1.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 302.3 at 54.1 knts Storm direction: 332.3 at 40.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.9 neg: 1.1 tot: 7.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 68.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 246.4 neg: -9.9 tot: 236.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 78.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.57 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.2 stream: 5.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.06 Bulk Shear: 220.60 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 261 21 183 39| 10.9 0.0 10.9|115.8 -5.8 110.0 219.9 0.87| 12.2 10.6 1000 264 23 185 39| 6.2 0.0 6.2|129.4 -9.6 119.8 119.8 0.78| 7.5 5.8 1500 272 25 189 36| 7.6 0.0 7.6|182.8 -9.6 173.2 115.5 0.63| 9.8 6.2 2000 278 26 193 33| 6.9 0.0 6.9|205.7 -9.7 196.0 98.0 0.61| 9.1 5.5 2500 287 29 197 29| 7.1 0.0 7.1|224.4 -9.9 214.6 85.8 0.55| 9.5 5.2 3000 292 31 201 26| 5.9 1.1 7.0|246.4 -9.9 236.6 78.9 0.57| 9.2 5.3 4000 303 37 219 20| 8.6 0.9 9.4|374.8 -33.2 341.6 85.4 0.58| 11.5 6.7 5000 304 47 244 22| 6.9 3.9 10.7|374.8-329.7 45.1 9.0 0.23| 12.6 2.9 6000 302 54 255 28| 6.0 3.6 9.7|493.7-415.0 78.7 13.1 0.22| 11.8 2.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251218.00.gif