UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 17 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 17 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 58 SFC 980 215 4.2 -0.6 71 4.8 2.1 220 14 279.0 279.6 276.3 289.3 3.73 2 969 308 3.8 -2.2 65 6.0 1.3 224 20 279.5 280.0 276.0 288.8 3.35 3 925 691 1.8 -3.0 70 4.8 -0.2 240 46 281.1 281.7 276.9 290.5 3.31 4 871 1172 -2.5 -4.1 89 1.6 -3.1 244 52 281.6 282.1 277.0 290.7 3.24 5 860 1273 -2.7 -3.6 94 0.9 -3.1 247 52 282.4 283.0 277.6 292.0 3.40 6 857 1301 -2.5 -3.2 95 0.7 -2.8 248 53 282.9 283.5 278.0 292.8 3.52 7 851 1357 -0.3 -1.1 94 0.8 -0.6 250 53 285.7 286.5 280.3 297.5 4.14 8 850 1366 -0.3 -1.1 94 0.8 -0.6 250 53 285.8 286.6 280.3 297.6 4.15 9 836 1499 -0.7 -1.0 98 0.3 -0.9 253 51 286.8 287.5 280.8 298.9 4.25 10 835 1508 -0.7 -0.8 99 0.1 -0.7 253 51 286.9 287.6 281.0 299.2 4.32 11 823 1624 0.8 -2.5 79 3.3 -0.6 256 50 289.6 290.3 281.7 300.8 3.86 12 822 1634 1.0 -3.2 73 4.2 -0.8 256 49 290.0 290.6 281.6 300.6 3.67 13 820 1654 2.4 -5.6 55 8.0 -0.9 256 49 291.6 292.2 281.6 300.7 3.07 14 818 1674 3.2 -6.8 48 10.0 -0.9 257 49 292.7 293.2 281.8 301.0 2.80 15 812 1734 5.4 -11.6 28 17.0 -0.9 258 48 295.6 296.0 282.0 301.6 1.94 16 808 1774 5.8 -7.2 39 13.0 0.4 259 48 296.5 297.0 283.3 304.8 2.75 17 793 1927 4.8 -7.2 41 12.0 -0.2 263 49 297.0 297.5 283.6 305.5 2.80 18 773 2135 4.0 -10.0 35 14.0 -1.4 270 52 298.3 298.7 283.5 305.4 2.31 19 754 2337 2.6 -9.4 41 12.0 -2.1 270 54 298.9 299.4 284.0 306.6 2.48 20 748 2401 2.8 -18.2 20 21.0 -4.0 270 55 299.8 300.1 282.9 303.7 1.22 21 736 2532 1.6 -14.4 29 16.0 -4.0 269 54 299.9 300.2 283.5 305.3 1.70 22 728 2620 1.0 -18.0 23 19.0 -5.0 267 54 300.2 300.4 283.1 304.3 1.27 23 718 2731 0.0 -15.0 31 15.0 -5.1 265 53 300.3 300.6 283.6 305.5 1.66 24 715 2765 0.0 -10.0 47 10.0 -3.8 265 52 300.7 301.1 284.7 308.4 2.50 25 709 2832 -0.7 -9.7 51 9.0 -4.2 265 51 300.6 301.1 284.8 308.6 2.58 26 700 2934 -1.5 -9.5 54 8.0 -4.6 265 48 300.8 301.3 284.9 309.0 2.66 27 676 3211 -3.5 -7.8 72 4.3 -5.3 265 46 301.6 302.2 285.8 311.3 3.14 28 672 3257 -2.9 -8.9 63 6.0 -5.3 265 45 302.8 303.3 285.9 311.8 2.90 29 649 3532 -4.9 -9.9 68 5.0 -6.8 265 43 303.6 304.1 286.1 312.2 2.78 30 620 3889 -8.3 -10.0 88 1.7 -8.9 263 41 303.7 304.2 286.2 312.6 2.88 31 610 4015 -8.9 -10.9 85 2.0 -9.6 262 40 304.4 304.9 286.4 312.9 2.73 32 606 4066 -8.7 -11.5 80 2.8 -9.7 262 40 305.2 305.7 286.5 313.4 2.62 33 602 4117 -8.9 -12.1 78 3.2 -10.1 261 40 305.5 306.0 286.5 313.4 2.51 34 544 4894 -13.5 -15.6 84 2.1 -14.2 250 60 309.0 309.4 287.3 315.7 2.09 35 514 5323 -16.7 -17.7 92 1.0 -17.0 250 58 310.2 310.6 287.5 316.2 1.85 36 500 5530 -17.9 -19.5 87 1.6 -18.3 250 57 311.2 311.5 287.6 316.6 1.63 37 469 6005 -21.3 -23.8 80 2.5 -21.9 250 60 312.7 313.0 287.7 316.7 1.19 38 459 6164 -22.5 -24.4 84 1.9 -22.9 251 62 313.2 313.4 287.8 317.1 1.16 39 444 6407 -23.9 -28.9 63 5.0 -24.8 255 66 314.4 314.6 287.8 317.1 0.79 40 433 6590 -25.3 -29.7 67 4.4 -26.1 255 63 314.9 315.0 287.9 317.5 0.75 41 428 6674 -25.9 -30.6 65 4.7 -26.7 255 62 315.2 315.3 287.9 317.6 0.70 42 424 6742 -26.3 -33.3 52 7.0 -27.3 255 62 315.5 315.6 287.9 317.4 0.54 43 406 7054 -29.1 -36.1 51 7.0 -30.0 255 71 315.8 315.9 287.9 317.4 0.43 44 405 7071 -29.5 -35.5 56 6.0 -30.3 255 71 315.5 315.6 287.8 317.2 0.46 45 400 7160 -29.9 -37.9 46 8.0 -30.9 255 74 316.1 316.2 287.9 317.4 0.36 46 397 7214 -29.9 -37.9 46 8.0 -30.9 254 75 316.8 316.9 288.1 318.1 0.37 47 396 7232 -30.1 -38.1 46 8.0 -31.0 254 76 316.8 316.8 288.1 318.1 0.36 48 387 7395 -31.3 -39.3 45 8.0 -32.1 253 80 317.3 317.4 288.2 318.5 0.33 49 382 7487 -31.9 -40.9 41 9.0 -32.8 252 83 317.7 317.7 288.3 318.7 0.28 50 374 7636 -33.5 -41.5 44 8.0 -34.3 250 87 317.5 317.5 288.2 318.5 0.27 51 369 7730 -34.3 -45.3 32 11.0 -35.2 250 87 317.7 317.7 288.2 318.3 0.18 52 354 8019 -36.9 -42.9 54 6.0 -37.4 250 87 317.9 318.0 288.3 318.9 0.24 53 352 8058 -37.3 -42.3 60 5.0 -37.7 250 87 317.9 318.0 288.4 318.9 0.26 54 300 9140 -46.5 -56.5 31 10.0 -46.9 250 86 319.8 319.8 288.8 320.1 0.06 55 250 10320 -55.1 -61.1 47 6.0 -55.2 255 86 324.1 324.2 290.0 324.3 0.04 56 201 11689 -61.5 -72.5 22 11.0 -61.6 245 88 334.9 334.9 293.0 334.9 0.01 57 200 11720 -61.3 -73.3 19 12.0 -61.4 245 88 335.7 335.7 293.3 335.7 0.01 58 184 12244 -58.1 -76.2 8 18.1 -58.3 245 91 349.0 349.0 296.4 349.0 0.01 59 150 13560 -50.3 -83.3 1 33.0 -50.9 250 71 383.4 383.4 302.8 383.4 0.00 60 100 16150 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.0 265 49 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 61 93 16603 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.0 265 47 421.0 421.0 307.9 421.0 0.00 62 85 17161 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.4 252 41 427.1 427.1 308.5 427.1 0.00 63 82 17384 -60.1 -87.1 2 27.0 -60.4 245 40 435.6 435.6 309.4 435.7 0.00 64 75 17936 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.1 245 41 441.0 441.0 310.0 441.0 0.00 65 70 18360 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.2 265 37 449.8 449.8 310.8 449.8 0.00 66 64 18911 -64.3 -89.3 2 25.0 -64.6 277 33 458.4 458.4 311.6 458.4 0.00 67 60 19304 -66.5 -89.5 3 23.0 -66.7 286 30 462.0 462.0 312.0 462.1 0.00 68 58 19511 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -63.3 290 29 474.7 474.7 313.0 474.7 0.00 69 56 19726 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.8 276 39 475.8 475.8 313.1 475.8 0.00 70 53 20063 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.0 272 43 482.9 482.9 313.7 482.9 0.00 71 52 20180 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.8 273 43 488.3 488.3 314.1 488.3 0.00 72 50 20420 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.2 275 43 490.5 490.5 314.2 490.6 0.00 73 47 20795 -65.3 -90.3 2 25.0 -65.6 284 46 498.3 498.3 314.8 498.4 0.00 74 45 21061 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.0 280 49 513.8 513.8 315.9 513.8 0.00 75 43 21341 -63.3 -90.3 1 27.0 -63.7 285 47 516.1 516.1 316.1 516.1 0.00 76 42 21485 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.8 297 46 522.1 522.1 316.4 522.1 0.00 77 30 23530 -67.5 -91.5 2 24.0 -67.9 310 47 560.6 560.6 318.7 560.6 0.00 78 28 23946 -66.7 -91.7 2 25.0 -67.1 310 45 574.0 574.0 319.3 574.0 0.00 79 25 24627 -68.7 -92.7 2 24.0 -69.1 301 51 587.2 587.2 320.0 587.2 0.00 80 23 25127 -67.5 -91.5 2 24.0 -67.9 302 56 604.9 604.9 320.8 604.9 0.00 81 22 25393 -69.9 -91.9 3 22.0 -70.2 303 59 605.5 605.5 320.9 605.5 0.00 82 20 25960 -69.5 -92.5 2 23.0 -69.9 305 65 623.4 623.4 321.6 623.5 0.00 83 19 26266 -69.1 -93.1 2 24.0 -69.5 305 65 633.9 633.9 322.0 633.9 0.00 84 15 27671 -71.5 -93.5 2 22.0 -71.9 301 63 670.2 670.3 323.4 670.3 0.00 85 13 28524 -67.9 -92.9 2 25.0 -68.7 315 68 710.7 710.7 324.8 710.7 0.01 86 13 28524 -68.3 -92.3 2 24.0 -69.0 315 68 709.3 709.3 324.7 709.4 0.01 TRP 201 11689 -61.5 -72.5 22 11.0 -61.6 245 88 334.9 334.9 293.0 334.9 0.01 WND 184 12244 -58.1 -76.2 8 18.1 -58.3 245 91 349.0 349.0 296.4 349.0 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5472.00 m Freezing level: 902.40 mb = 892.39 m = 2927.75 ft Freezing level: 829.40 mb = 1562.56 m = 5126.46 ft Freezing level: 715.00 mb = 2764.63 m = 9070.19 ft Wetbulb zero: 929.69 mb = 649.40 m = 2130.54 ft Precipitable water: 0.58 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 69.20 % Est. max temperature: 13.21 C = 55.78 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 909.96 mb = 822.12 m = 2697.21 ft T: 0.63 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.32 C/km ThetaE index: 2.84 C Layer 748.0- 736.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 621.08 mb = 3875.40 m = 12714.40 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.33 g/kg Conv temperature: 28.75 C = 83.75 F Cap Strength: 17.79 C Lifted Index: 18.35 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.16 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.12 C Showalter Index: 12.72 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 34.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.60 C Cross Totals Index: 16.80 C K Index: 8.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 163.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.98 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 9.61 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.38 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 57031.48 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.13 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 865.62 mb = 1221.24 m = 4006.63 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 285 at 37 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 980 215 220 14 9.0 10.7 | 127 34 -26.9 20.4 1 934 610 235 41 33.6 23.5 | 176 33 -2.3 33.2 2 925 691 240 46 39.8 23.0 | 187 33 3.9 32.7 3 899 914 240 55 47.6 27.5 | 198 39 11.7 37.2 4 866 1219 245 52 47.1 22.0 | 200 34 11.2 31.7 5 850 1366 250 53 49.8 18.1 | 207 31 13.9 27.8 6 803 1829 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 210 21 10.4 17.9 7 773 2134 270 52 52.0 -0.0 | 239 19 16.1 9.7 8 744 2438 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 243 21 19.1 9.7 9 717 2743 265 53 52.8 4.6 | 230 22 16.9 14.3 10 700 2934 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 221 18 11.9 13.9 11 637 3658 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 204 15 5.9 13.4 12 589 4267 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 189 17 2.5 16.5 13 544 4877 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 214 37 20.5 30.2 14 500 5530 250 57 53.6 19.5 | 211 34 17.7 29.2 15 463 6096 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 215 37 21.4 30.6 16 444 6401 255 66 63.8 17.1 | 226 39 27.9 26.8 17 426 6706 255 61 58.9 15.8 | 222 34 23.0 25.5 18 400 7160 255 74 71.5 19.2 | 231 46 35.6 28.9 19 374 7620 250 87 81.8 29.8 | 229 60 45.9 39.5 20 300 9140 250 86 80.8 29.4 | 229 60 44.9 39.1 21 300 9144 245 89 80.7 37.6 | 223 65 44.8 47.3 22 260 10058 255 90 86.9 23.3 | 237 61 51.0 33.0 23 250 10320 255 86 83.1 22.3 | 236 57 47.2 32.0 24 215 11278 240 86 74.5 43.0 | 216 65 38.6 52.7 25 201 11689 245 88 79.8 37.2 | 223 64 43.9 46.9 26 200 11720 245 88 79.8 37.2 | 223 64 43.9 46.9 27 184 12244 245 91 82.5 38.5 | 224 67 46.6 48.2 28 177 12497 245 91 82.5 38.5 | 224 67 46.6 48.2 29 161 13106 255 73 70.5 18.9 | 230 45 34.6 28.6 30 154 13411 255 81 78.2 21.0 | 234 52 42.3 30.7 31 150 13560 250 71 66.7 24.3 | 222 46 30.8 34.0 32 127 14630 265 77 76.7 6.7 | 248 44 40.8 16.4 33 115 15240 260 67 66.0 11.6 | 235 37 30.1 21.3 34 105 15850 270 44 44.0 -0.0 | 220 13 8.1 9.7 35 100 16150 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 223 19 12.9 14.0 36 95 16459 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 223 19 12.9 14.0 37 91 16764 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 210 16 7.9 13.5 38 82 17374 245 40 36.3 16.9 | 181 27 0.4 26.6 39 71 18288 245 41 37.2 17.3 | 183 27 1.3 27.0 40 70 18360 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 184 13 1.0 12.9 41 58 19507 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 89 9 -8.6 -0.2 42 55 19812 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 216 12 7.1 9.7 43 50 20420 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 229 9 6.9 6.0 44 50 20422 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 329 5 2.6 -4.3 45 45 21031 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 264 12 12.4 1.2 46 43 21336 285 47 45.4 -12.2 | 285 10 9.5 -2.5 47 41 21641 310 44 33.7 -28.3 | 7 19 -2.2 -18.6 48 39 21946 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 327 12 6.7 -10.2 49 33 22860 300 37 32.0 -18.5 | 24 10 -3.9 -8.8 50 30 23470 295 55 49.8 -23.2 | 314 19 13.9 -13.5 51 30 23530 310 47 36.0 -30.2 | 360 21 0.1 -20.5 52 27 24079 310 45 34.5 -28.9 | 4 19 -1.4 -19.2 53 26 24384 300 49 42.4 -24.5 | 336 16 6.5 -14.8 54 20 25960 305 65 53.2 -37.3 | 328 33 17.3 -27.6 55 17 26518 305 66 54.1 -37.9 | 327 34 18.2 -28.2 56 15 26822 300 63 54.6 -31.5 | 319 29 18.7 -21.8 57 12 27432 320 69 44.4 -52.9 | 349 44 8.5 -43.2 58 11 27737 320 71 45.6 -54.4 | 348 46 9.7 -44.7 59 8 28956 310 64 49.0 -41.1 | 337 34 13.1 -31.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 255.1 at 49.6 knts Storm direction: 285.1 at 37.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.7 neg: 1.4 tot: 9.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 87.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 473.7 neg: -53.0 tot: 420.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 140.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.56 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.1 stream: 8.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.13 Bulk Shear: 74.65 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 233 31 159 30| 35.1 0.0 35.1|302.2 0.0 302.2 604.4 1.00| 36.1 36.0 1000 239 42 180 32| 20.5 0.0 20.5|370.4 0.0 370.4 370.4 0.87| 25.0 21.7 1500 244 45 188 30| 13.1 0.0 13.1|414.6 0.0 414.6 276.4 0.78| 21.0 16.3 2000 249 46 196 27| 11.6 0.0 11.6|468.7 0.0 468.7 234.3 0.78| 19.1 14.9 2500 254 48 203 25| 9.3 0.9 10.1|473.7 -25.8 447.9 179.2 0.67| 16.6 11.2 3000 256 48 206 24| 7.7 1.4 9.2|473.7 -53.0 420.7 140.2 0.56| 15.1 8.4 4000 258 46 206 22| 5.8 2.0 7.8|473.7 -81.2 392.6 98.1 0.44| 12.4 5.4 5000 256 48 206 23| 4.6 2.1 6.7|533.2 -89.0 444.2 88.8 0.42| 12.3 5.2 6000 255 50 208 25| 4.3 1.7 6.0|583.6 -96.8 486.8 81.1 0.43| 11.0 4.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251217.12.gif