UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121300.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 13 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 13 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 152 275 8 SFC 992 215 -3.1 -7.5 72 4.4 -4.5 275 8 270.7 271.0 269.1 276.7 2.19 2 980 311 -3.3 -9.3 63 6.0 -5.1 270 11 271.4 271.7 269.1 276.7 1.92 3 942 623 -5.5 -10.0 71 4.5 -6.8 254 21 272.3 272.6 269.6 277.5 1.89 4 925 766 -6.7 -10.6 74 3.9 -7.8 245 23 272.5 272.8 269.7 277.6 1.84 5 876 1188 -10.7 -11.7 92 1.0 -11.0 241 23 272.6 272.9 269.6 277.5 1.78 6 864 1294 -11.7 -12.8 92 1.1 -12.0 249 22 272.6 272.9 269.4 277.2 1.65 7 862 1311 -11.7 -13.5 86 1.8 -12.2 251 22 272.8 273.1 269.4 277.2 1.56 8 856 1365 -10.9 -17.9 56 7.0 -12.5 258 21 274.2 274.4 269.5 277.3 1.09 9 853 1392 -10.7 -18.7 52 8.0 -12.5 262 20 274.7 274.8 269.7 277.6 1.02 10 850 1419 -10.5 -17.5 56 7.0 -12.1 265 20 275.1 275.3 270.2 278.4 1.14 11 835 1556 -11.1 -16.1 67 5.0 -12.3 267 20 275.9 276.1 270.9 279.7 1.30 12 795 1932 -11.3 -22.3 40 11.0 -13.6 280 20 279.6 279.7 272.3 282.0 0.80 13 766 2216 -12.7 -21.7 47 9.0 -14.6 280 21 281.1 281.2 273.3 283.7 0.88 14 759 2286 -12.7 -24.7 36 12.0 -15.0 280 23 281.8 281.9 273.4 283.9 0.68 15 741 2469 -13.5 -27.5 30 14.0 -15.9 280 28 282.9 283.0 273.8 284.6 0.54 16 727 2614 -14.3 -29.3 27 15.0 -16.7 283 27 283.6 283.6 274.0 285.0 0.46 17 700 2899 -16.9 -30.9 29 14.0 -19.0 285 26 283.8 283.8 274.0 285.1 0.42 18 693 2974 -17.5 -30.5 31 13.0 -19.4 285 27 283.9 284.0 274.2 285.3 0.44 19 671 3216 -18.3 -36.3 19 18.0 -20.5 287 29 285.7 285.7 274.8 286.5 0.26 20 648 3475 -20.5 -35.5 25 15.0 -22.3 289 31 286.0 286.1 275.0 287.0 0.29 21 583 4251 -24.9 -44.9 14 20.0 -26.5 290 30 289.7 289.7 276.7 290.1 0.12 22 537 4843 -29.5 -50.5 11 21.0 -30.7 290 34 291.1 291.1 277.3 291.3 0.07 23 517 5114 -30.7 -43.7 27 13.0 -31.7 292 34 292.8 292.8 278.3 293.3 0.15 24 516 5127 -30.9 -40.9 37 10.0 -31.7 293 35 292.7 292.8 278.3 293.4 0.21 25 515 5141 -31.1 -40.1 41 9.0 -31.9 293 35 292.6 292.7 278.3 293.4 0.23 26 505 5280 -32.3 -40.3 45 8.0 -32.9 294 35 292.8 292.9 278.4 293.6 0.23 27 500 5350 -32.9 -40.9 45 8.0 -33.5 295 35 292.9 293.0 278.4 293.6 0.21 28 461 5913 -37.9 -43.9 53 6.0 -38.2 289 39 293.6 293.6 278.7 294.1 0.17 29 452 6047 -39.1 -45.1 53 6.0 -39.4 293 40 293.7 293.8 278.7 294.2 0.15 30 442 6200 -40.3 -47.3 47 7.0 -40.6 294 40 294.1 294.1 278.9 294.5 0.12 31 434 6323 -40.9 -50.9 33 10.0 -41.3 294 41 294.9 294.9 279.1 295.2 0.08 32 407 6755 -44.7 -52.7 40 8.0 -45.0 291 42 295.4 295.4 279.4 295.7 0.07 33 400 6870 -45.7 -54.7 36 9.0 -46.0 290 42 295.6 295.6 279.4 295.8 0.06 34 389 7056 -47.3 -55.3 39 8.0 -47.5 292 45 295.9 295.9 279.6 296.1 0.05 35 382 7176 -47.7 -55.7 39 8.0 -47.9 294 47 296.9 296.9 280.0 297.1 0.05 36 376 7281 -48.3 -59.3 27 11.0 -48.6 295 49 297.4 297.4 280.3 297.6 0.03 37 371 7369 -48.5 -60.5 24 12.0 -48.7 297 51 298.3 298.3 280.6 298.4 0.03 38 355 7659 -49.9 -59.9 30 10.0 -50.1 300 54 300.2 300.2 281.5 300.3 0.03 39 352 7715 -50.1 -58.1 38 8.0 -50.3 300 53 300.7 300.7 281.7 300.8 0.04 40 346 7827 -51.1 -59.1 38 8.0 -51.2 300 51 300.8 300.8 281.7 300.9 0.04 41 337 7999 -51.3 -63.3 23 12.0 -51.5 299 50 302.8 302.8 282.5 302.9 0.02 42 335 8038 -51.5 -63.5 23 12.0 -51.7 298 50 303.0 303.0 282.7 303.1 0.02 43 334 8058 -51.5 -63.5 23 12.0 -51.7 298 50 303.3 303.3 282.7 303.4 0.02 44 330 8136 -52.1 -62.1 29 10.0 -52.2 296 51 303.5 303.5 282.8 303.6 0.03 45 323 8275 -52.9 -66.9 17 14.0 -53.1 293 52 304.3 304.3 283.1 304.3 0.01 46 303 8686 -55.1 -67.1 21 12.0 -55.2 285 56 306.8 306.8 284.1 306.9 0.02 47 300 8750 -55.1 -66.1 24 11.0 -55.2 285 58 307.7 307.7 284.5 307.7 0.02 48 299 8771 -55.1 -66.1 24 11.0 -55.2 285 58 308.0 308.0 284.6 308.0 0.02 49 283 9124 -53.9 -69.9 12 16.0 -54.1 285 63 314.6 314.6 286.9 314.6 0.01 50 267 9498 -54.1 -72.1 9 18.0 -54.3 285 60 319.6 319.6 288.6 319.6 0.01 51 261 9643 -54.9 -72.9 9 18.0 -55.1 285 59 320.5 320.5 288.9 320.5 0.01 52 250 9920 -53.3 -76.3 4 23.0 -53.6 285 57 326.8 326.8 290.8 326.8 0.00 53 235 10318 -51.5 -78.5 3 27.0 -51.8 282 60 335.4 335.4 293.2 335.4 0.00 54 215 10893 -51.3 -80.3 2 29.0 -51.7 278 64 344.3 344.3 295.4 344.3 0.00 55 200 11360 -51.9 -80.9 2 29.0 -52.3 275 68 350.6 350.6 296.8 350.6 0.00 56 150 13210 -54.7 -83.7 2 29.0 -55.1 270 67 375.8 375.8 301.6 375.8 0.00 57 118 14732 -57.9 -85.9 2 28.0 -58.2 270 72 396.6 396.6 304.8 396.6 0.00 58 108 15292 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.5 272 75 410.2 410.2 306.5 410.2 0.00 59 106 15411 -56.4 -86.1 1 29.8 -56.8 275 78 411.8 411.9 306.7 411.9 0.00 60 100 15780 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.7 280 69 417.0 417.0 307.4 417.0 0.00 61 90 16446 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.0 277 66 431.4 431.4 309.0 431.4 0.00 62 82 17033 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.1 271 60 438.5 438.5 309.7 438.5 0.00 63 79 17267 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.7 269 58 444.0 444.0 310.3 444.0 0.00 64 71 17932 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 257 60 450.6 450.6 310.9 450.6 0.00 65 70 18020 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 260 64 452.8 452.8 311.1 452.8 0.00 66 66 18383 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.6 263 64 458.8 458.8 311.7 458.8 0.00 67 56 19403 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.2 285 61 486.8 486.8 314.0 486.8 0.00 68 54 19629 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 285 57 489.5 489.5 314.2 489.6 0.00 69 53 19746 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.5 285 55 496.3 496.3 314.7 496.4 0.00 70 50 20110 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -60.9 265 43 501.4 501.4 315.1 501.4 0.00 71 38 21801 -65.1 -91.1 2 26.0 -65.5 264 55 530.1 530.1 316.9 530.1 0.00 72 32 22853 -62.9 -90.9 1 28.0 -63.5 275 60 562.7 562.7 318.8 562.7 0.00 73 30 23250 -63.7 -90.7 1 27.0 -64.3 275 68 571.0 571.0 319.2 571.0 0.00 74 27 23895 -64.5 -91.5 1 27.0 -65.1 275 70 586.2 586.2 320.0 586.2 0.00 75 25 24367 -62.9 -90.9 1 28.0 -63.7 275 72 603.8 603.8 320.8 603.9 0.00 76 24 24618 -63.9 -90.9 1 27.0 -64.6 275 74 608.0 608.0 321.0 608.1 0.00 77 20 25740 -62.3 -90.3 1 28.0 -63.3 250 58 645.5 645.5 322.5 645.5 0.01 78 16 27113 -64.9 -91.9 1 27.0 -65.8 256 70 679.5 679.5 323.7 679.6 0.01 79 15 27511 -62.1 -91.1 1 29.0 -63.4 263 75 701.5 701.5 324.5 701.5 0.01 80 14 27936 -63.9 -91.9 1 28.0 -65.0 270 75 709.4 709.4 324.7 709.4 0.01 81 13 28395 -60.5 -91.5 1 31.0 -62.3 269 79 736.3 736.3 325.6 736.4 0.01 82 13 28395 -60.7 -90.7 1 30.0 -62.4 269 79 735.6 735.6 325.6 735.7 0.01 83 11 29444 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -60.3 265 100 783.3 783.3 326.8 783.4 0.01 84 11 29444 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -60.7 265 100 781.1 781.1 326.8 781.2 0.01 85 11 29444 -55.5 -88.5 1 33.0 -58.8 265 100 790.5 790.5 327.0 790.6 0.01 86 10 30050 -57.5 -89.5 1 32.0 -60.4 265 101 804.9 804.9 327.4 805.0 0.01 87 9.3 30510 -55.7 -88.7 1 33.0 -59.3 828.7 828.7 327.9 828.8 0.02 88 9.0 30721 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -56.6 853.4 853.4 328.5 853.6 0.03 89 8.5 31093 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -56.3 870.6 870.6 328.8 870.9 0.03 90 7.3 32075 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -59.7 889.7 889.7 329.2 890.0 0.03 91 7.1 32253 -53.5 -87.5 1 34.0 -58.7 904.2 904.2 329.5 904.5 0.03 TRP 303 8686 -55.1 -67.1 21 12.0 -55.2 285 56 306.8 306.8 284.1 306.9 0.02 WND 106 15411 -56.4 -86.1 1 29.8 -56.8 275 78 411.8 411.9 306.7 411.9 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5198.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.17 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 39.14 % Est. max temperature: 1.77 C = 35.19 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 925.56 mb = 761.26 m = 2497.54 ft T: -6.66 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.53 C/km ThetaE index: 0.40 C Layer 876.0- 856.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 872.06 mb = 1222.29 m = 4010.08 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.89 g/kg Conv temperature: -1.19 C = 29.86 F Cap Strength: 13.23 C Lifted Index: 13.13 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.52 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 7.81 C Showalter Index: 12.26 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 37.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 22.40 C Cross Totals Index: 15.40 C K Index: -9.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 75.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.24 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 6.12 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.50 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 74151.87 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.11 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 878.91 mb = 1162.06 m = 3812.47 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 313 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 992 215 275 8 8.0 -0.7 | 151 16 -7.5 13.7 1 944 610 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 194 20 4.8 19.8 2 925 766 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 192 25 5.3 24.1 3 907 914 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 192 25 5.3 24.1 4 872 1219 240 23 19.9 11.5 | 190 26 4.4 25.9 5 850 1419 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 195 17 4.4 16.1 6 838 1524 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 195 17 4.4 16.1 7 806 1829 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 201 12 4.2 10.9 8 774 2134 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 196 12 3.2 11.1 9 744 2438 280 28 27.6 -4.9 | 232 15 12.1 9.5 10 714 2743 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 231 12 9.6 7.7 11 700 2899 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 231 12 9.6 7.7 12 631 3658 290 33 31.0 -11.3 | 259 16 15.5 3.1 13 580 4267 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 252 13 12.7 4.1 14 534 4877 290 34 31.9 -11.6 | 260 17 16.4 2.8 15 500 5350 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 271 16 16.2 -0.4 16 469 5791 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 258 22 21.2 4.5 17 448 6096 295 40 36.3 -16.9 | 277 21 20.7 -2.5 18 400 6870 290 42 39.5 -14.4 | 270 24 24.0 0.0 19 357 7620 300 55 47.6 -27.5 | 292 35 32.1 -13.1 20 340 7925 300 49 42.4 -24.5 | 291 29 26.9 -10.1 21 303 8686 285 56 54.1 -14.5 | 270 39 38.6 -0.1 22 300 8750 285 58 56.0 -15.0 | 271 41 40.5 -0.6 23 282 9144 285 63 60.9 -16.3 | 272 45 45.3 -1.9 24 250 9920 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 271 40 39.5 -0.4 25 200 11360 275 68 67.7 -5.9 | 261 53 52.2 8.5 26 150 13210 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 254 53 51.5 14.4 27 126 14326 270 71 71.0 -0.0 | 255 57 55.5 14.4 28 109 15240 270 73 73.0 -0.0 | 256 59 57.5 14.4 29 106 15411 275 78 77.7 -6.8 | 263 63 62.2 7.6 30 104 15545 275 78 77.7 -6.8 | 263 63 62.2 7.6 31 100 15780 280 69 68.0 -12.0 | 267 52 52.4 2.4 32 94 16154 280 69 68.0 -12.0 | 267 52 52.4 2.4 33 74 17678 265 54 53.8 4.7 | 244 43 38.3 19.1 34 70 17983 255 61 58.9 15.8 | 235 53 43.4 30.2 35 70 18020 260 64 63.0 11.1 | 242 54 47.5 25.5 36 67 18288 260 64 63.0 11.1 | 242 54 47.5 25.5 37 58 19202 285 65 62.8 -16.8 | 273 47 47.3 -2.4 38 52 19812 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 269 37 36.6 0.4 39 50 20110 265 43 42.8 3.7 | 236 33 27.3 18.1 40 45 20726 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 228 40 29.9 26.5 41 41 21336 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 237 34 28.3 18.2 42 39 21641 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 240 48 41.6 24.5 43 35 22250 275 47 46.8 -4.1 | 252 33 31.3 10.3 44 30 23250 275 68 67.7 -5.9 | 261 53 52.2 8.5 45 25 24384 275 72 71.7 -6.3 | 262 57 56.2 8.1 46 24 24689 275 74 73.7 -6.4 | 262 59 58.2 7.9 47 20 25603 250 55 51.7 18.8 | 227 49 36.2 33.2 48 20 25740 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 229 52 39.0 34.2 49 19 26213 245 62 56.2 26.2 | 225 57 40.7 40.6 50 15 27432 260 72 70.9 12.5 | 244 62 55.4 26.9 51 15 27737 270 83 83.0 -0.0 | 258 69 67.5 14.4 52 14 28042 270 72 72.0 -0.0 | 256 58 56.5 14.4 53 11 29566 265 102 101.6 8.9 | 255 89 86.1 23.3 54 10 30050 265 101 100.6 8.8 | 255 88 85.1 23.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 282.8 at 28.2 knts Storm direction: 312.8 at 21.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.7 neg: 2.9 tot: 6.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 93.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 106.6 neg: -13.9 tot: 92.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 30.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.47 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.6 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.20 Bulk Shear: 30.79 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 258 16 180 18| 0.0 16.1 16.1| 51.7 -1.1 50.6 101.3 0.70| 17.4 12.2 1000 249 20 187 21| 0.0 8.8 8.8| 51.7 -10.9 40.8 40.8 0.51| 10.4 5.3 1500 253 20 190 20| 4.5 5.9 10.3| 68.5 -10.9 57.6 38.4 0.41| 11.4 4.6 2000 260 20 193 18| 3.9 4.4 8.3| 76.9 -13.6 63.3 31.7 0.40| 9.9 3.9 2500 265 21 199 17| 3.9 3.5 7.4| 96.9 -13.8 83.1 33.2 0.45| 9.7 4.3 3000 270 22 204 16| 3.7 2.9 6.6|106.6 -13.9 92.7 30.9 0.47| 8.6 4.1 4000 276 24 217 15| 3.2 2.1 5.3|120.2 -19.2 101.0 25.2 0.45| 7.3 3.3 5000 280 26 226 14| 2.9 1.8 4.6|138.1 -19.2 118.8 23.8 0.48| 6.5 3.1 6000 283 28 236 14| 2.9 1.9 4.8|177.0 -39.4 137.6 22.9 0.43| 6.6 2.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251213.00.gif