UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121200.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 12 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 12 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 90 SFC 984 215 -5.3 -9.5 72 4.2 -6.5 285 13 269.1 269.4 267.5 274.3 1.89 2 978 263 -5.5 -11.5 63 6.0 -7.2 285 14 269.4 269.6 267.3 273.8 1.62 3 925 698 -9.9 -12.6 81 2.7 -10.6 280 20 269.2 269.4 267.0 273.5 1.57 4 875 1124 -13.9 -13.9 100 0.0 -13.9 297 26 269.3 269.6 267.0 273.5 1.49 5 869 1176 -14.5 -15.2 94 0.7 -14.7 299 27 269.2 269.5 266.7 273.0 1.35 6 856 1290 -15.3 -15.3 100 0.0 -15.3 303 29 269.6 269.8 266.9 273.4 1.36 7 854 1308 -15.5 -15.5 100 0.0 -15.5 304 29 269.5 269.8 266.9 273.3 1.34 8 850 1343 -15.7 -15.8 99 0.1 -15.7 305 30 269.7 269.9 266.9 273.4 1.31 9 835 1477 -16.5 -16.8 98 0.3 -16.6 301 34 270.2 270.4 267.1 273.7 1.23 10 832 1504 -16.5 -17.7 90 1.2 -16.7 300 35 270.5 270.7 267.2 273.7 1.14 11 823 1586 -17.3 -17.8 96 0.5 -17.4 298 37 270.5 270.7 267.2 273.7 1.14 12 822 1595 -17.3 -18.1 93 0.8 -17.4 297 37 270.6 270.8 267.2 273.8 1.12 13 818 1631 -17.3 -19.3 84 2.0 -17.7 296 38 271.0 271.1 267.3 273.9 1.01 14 788 1910 -19.5 -19.5 100 0.0 -19.5 292 44 271.5 271.7 267.7 274.5 1.03 15 737 2404 -22.9 -23.1 98 0.2 -22.9 300 47 273.1 273.2 268.3 275.4 0.81 16 732 2454 -23.3 -23.9 95 0.6 -23.4 300 47 273.2 273.3 268.2 275.4 0.76 17 730 2474 -23.3 -28.1 65 4.8 -23.9 301 46 273.4 273.5 268.0 274.9 0.52 18 725 2524 -23.3 -32.3 43 9.0 -24.3 301 45 273.9 274.0 268.0 275.0 0.35 19 706 2718 -24.9 -32.9 47 8.0 -25.7 305 41 274.2 274.3 268.2 275.3 0.34 20 702 2759 -24.3 -35.3 35 11.0 -25.4 305 41 275.4 275.4 268.8 276.2 0.27 21 701 2770 -24.3 -39.3 24 15.0 -25.6 305 41 275.5 275.5 268.7 276.0 0.18 22 700 2780 -23.9 -45.9 11 22.0 -25.5 305 42 276.0 276.0 268.8 276.3 0.09 23 698 2801 -23.1 -51.1 6 28.0 -24.9 306 42 277.1 277.1 269.5 277.3 0.05 24 697 2811 -22.7 -42.7 14 20.0 -24.4 306 42 277.7 277.7 270.0 278.1 0.13 25 694 2843 -22.9 -36.9 27 14.0 -24.3 307 42 277.8 277.8 270.2 278.5 0.23 26 678 3013 -23.9 -32.9 43 9.0 -24.9 311 41 278.6 278.6 270.9 279.6 0.35 27 665 3154 -25.1 -33.1 47 8.0 -26.0 315 40 278.7 278.8 271.1 279.8 0.35 28 651 3308 -26.1 -33.1 52 7.0 -26.8 318 39 279.3 279.4 271.4 280.4 0.36 29 639 3442 -27.1 -36.1 42 9.0 -27.9 318 40 279.7 279.7 271.5 280.5 0.27 30 621 3647 -28.7 -36.7 46 8.0 -29.4 311 43 280.1 280.2 271.7 281.0 0.27 31 615 3717 -29.1 -40.1 34 11.0 -29.9 310 44 280.5 280.5 271.8 281.1 0.19 32 609 3787 -29.5 -38.5 41 9.0 -30.2 309 45 280.8 280.8 272.0 281.5 0.23 33 606 3822 -29.7 -40.7 34 11.0 -30.5 309 45 280.9 281.0 272.1 281.5 0.18 34 569 4267 -33.7 -40.7 49 7.0 -34.1 305 50 281.4 281.4 272.3 282.0 0.19 35 559 4391 -34.5 -42.5 44 8.0 -35.0 305 51 281.8 281.9 272.5 282.4 0.16 36 554 4453 -35.1 -42.1 49 7.0 -35.5 305 51 281.9 281.9 272.5 282.4 0.17 37 552 4479 -35.3 -39.6 65 4.3 -35.6 305 51 281.9 281.9 272.6 282.6 0.22 38 536 4683 -36.7 -41.7 60 5.0 -37.0 305 52 282.6 282.6 273.0 283.2 0.18 39 534 4708 -36.9 -46.9 35 10.0 -37.4 305 52 282.7 282.7 272.9 283.0 0.10 40 529 4773 -37.5 -44.5 48 7.0 -37.8 305 52 282.7 282.7 273.0 283.2 0.14 41 520 4891 -38.5 -45.5 48 7.0 -38.8 305 53 282.9 282.9 273.1 283.3 0.13 42 507 5065 -39.3 -48.3 38 9.0 -39.7 305 56 284.0 284.0 273.6 284.3 0.09 43 503 5119 -39.5 -51.5 27 12.0 -39.9 305 56 284.4 284.4 273.8 284.6 0.07 44 501 5146 -39.5 -54.5 19 15.0 -40.0 305 57 284.7 284.7 273.9 284.9 0.05 45 500 5160 -39.5 -54.5 19 15.0 -40.0 305 57 284.9 284.9 274.0 285.0 0.05 46 497 5201 -39.5 -55.5 17 16.0 -40.0 305 57 285.4 285.4 274.3 285.5 0.04 47 488 5326 -40.1 -55.1 19 15.0 -40.6 304 59 286.1 286.1 274.7 286.3 0.04 48 460 5726 -43.3 -53.3 32 10.0 -43.6 301 63 287.0 287.0 275.2 287.2 0.06 49 456 5785 -43.5 -54.5 29 11.0 -43.8 300 64 287.5 287.5 275.5 287.7 0.05 50 451 5859 -43.9 -54.9 29 11.0 -44.2 301 64 287.9 287.9 275.6 288.1 0.05 51 446 5934 -44.1 -59.1 17 15.0 -44.5 302 64 288.5 288.6 276.0 288.7 0.03 52 421 6319 -45.5 -62.5 13 17.0 -45.9 300 70 291.6 291.6 277.4 291.6 0.02 53 400 6660 -45.9 -65.9 9 20.0 -46.3 300 68 295.3 295.3 279.3 295.4 0.01 54 389 6846 -46.1 -66.1 9 20.0 -46.4 303 70 297.4 297.4 280.2 297.5 0.01 55 300 8580 -46.1 -75.1 2 29.0 -46.6 295 72 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.4 0.00 56 282 8991 -46.2 -76.3 2 30.0 -46.7 295 77 325.9 325.9 290.5 325.9 0.00 57 250 9790 -46.5 -78.5 1 32.0 -47.1 300 72 336.9 336.9 293.6 336.9 0.00 58 200 11270 -47.3 -80.3 1 33.0 -48.0 285 63 357.9 357.9 298.3 357.9 0.00 59 150 13170 -50.3 -82.3 1 32.0 -50.9 275 58 383.4 383.4 302.8 383.4 0.00 60 100 15780 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -54.3 275 46 424.0 424.0 308.2 424.0 0.00 61 70 18040 -61.3 -87.3 2 26.0 -61.7 280 55 453.2 453.2 311.1 453.3 0.00 62 61 18890 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.6 285 59 467.0 467.0 312.4 467.0 0.00 63 54 19643 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 261 49 489.5 489.5 314.2 489.6 0.00 64 50 20120 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -62.9 250 54 496.2 496.2 314.7 496.2 0.00 65 43 21045 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.9 265 58 513.2 513.2 315.8 513.2 0.00 66 37 21973 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.1 275 68 549.0 549.0 318.1 549.1 0.00 67 35 22320 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.3 272 54 557.3 557.3 318.5 557.3 0.00 68 30 23270 -65.7 -90.7 2 25.0 -66.1 280 29 565.5 565.5 318.9 565.6 0.00 69 27 23907 -67.5 -91.5 2 24.0 -67.9 273 29 577.8 577.8 319.6 577.8 0.00 70 23 24869 -69.1 -92.1 2 23.0 -69.5 249 41 600.2 600.2 320.6 600.2 0.00 71 22 25134 -71.1 -93.1 2 22.0 -71.4 248 46 601.9 601.9 320.7 601.9 0.00 72 20 25700 -69.3 -92.3 2 23.0 -69.7 245 74 624.0 624.0 321.6 624.1 0.00 73 19 26006 -69.9 -92.9 2 23.0 -70.3 243 77 631.4 631.4 322.0 631.4 0.00 74 18 26337 -59.3 -90.3 1 31.0 -60.9 253 83 674.7 674.7 323.6 674.7 0.01 75 17 26695 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -61.3 262 89 684.5 684.5 323.9 684.6 0.01 76 17 26695 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.8 262 89 690.3 690.3 324.1 690.4 0.01 77 16 27076 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -61.2 270 85 697.1 697.2 324.3 697.2 0.01 78 15 27483 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -59.3 274 81 718.1 718.1 325.0 718.2 0.01 79 14 27919 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -59.9 268 78 730.4 730.4 325.4 730.5 0.01 80 13 28395 -50.7 -85.7 1 35.0 -55.1 262 59 770.3 770.3 326.5 770.4 0.02 81 12 28916 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -56.0 265 61 784.6 784.6 326.8 784.7 0.02 82 12 28916 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -54.7 265 61 791.7 791.7 327.0 791.8 0.02 83 11 29482 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -56.6 252 41 802.2 802.2 327.3 802.4 0.02 84 10 30090 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -61.4 215 43 799.7 799.7 327.3 799.8 0.02 85 9.3 30541 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -64.7 801.2 801.2 327.3 801.3 0.01 86 8.8 30881 -63.5 -91.5 1 28.0 -65.3 811.7 811.7 327.5 811.7 0.01 87 8.2 31317 -60.9 -90.9 1 30.0 -63.4 838.5 838.5 328.1 838.6 0.01 88 8.1 31394 -57.9 -90.9 1 33.0 -61.2 853.3 853.3 328.5 853.4 0.01 89 7.9 31554 -52.3 -87.3 1 35.0 -57.6 881.8 881.8 329.1 882.0 0.02 90 7.8 31636 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -57.9 883.4 883.4 329.1 883.7 0.03 TRP 421 6319 -45.5 -62.5 13 17.0 -45.9 300 70 291.6 291.6 277.4 291.6 0.02 WND 282 8991 -46.2 -76.3 2 30.0 -46.7 295 77 325.9 325.9 290.5 325.9 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5070.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.15 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 64.16 % Est. max temperature: -4.07 C = 24.68 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 920.64 mb = 734.21 m = 2408.78 ft T: -10.24 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.55 C/km ThetaE index: 1.25 C Layer 978.0- 856.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 885.16 mb = 1035.18 m = 3396.22 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.58 g/kg Conv temperature: -5.08 C = 22.86 F Cap Strength: 9.35 C Lifted Index: 9.46 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 33.16 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.68 C Showalter Index: 9.70 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 47.50 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 23.80 C Cross Totals Index: 23.70 C K Index: -14.00 Risk: None Sweat Index: 117.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.44 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 2.00 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.00 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.19 J/kg Cap Strength: 8.89 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 885.65 mb = 1030.95 m = 3382.33 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 880.65 mb = 1074.30 m = 3524.57 ft Equ Level (EL): 840.65 mb = 1426.31 m = 4679.45 ft B at Equ Level: 1.96 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 820.65 mb = 1607.20 m = 5272.90 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 333 at 33 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 984 215 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 175 26 -2.4 26.1 1 936 610 285 20 19.3 -5.2 | 190 25 4.3 24.3 2 925 698 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 190 26 4.7 26.0 3 899 914 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 195 23 5.7 22.0 4 864 1219 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 211 18 9.3 15.5 5 850 1343 305 30 24.6 -17.2 | 218 16 9.6 12.3 6 796 1829 290 44 41.3 -15.0 | 241 30 26.4 14.4 7 764 2134 300 45 39.0 -22.5 | 254 25 24.0 7.0 8 733 2438 300 47 40.7 -23.5 | 257 26 25.7 6.0 9 703 2743 305 40 32.8 -22.9 | 250 19 17.8 6.5 10 700 2780 305 42 34.4 -24.1 | 254 20 19.4 5.4 11 646 3353 320 39 25.1 -29.9 | 272 10 10.1 -0.4 12 618 3658 310 44 33.7 -28.3 | 266 19 18.7 1.2 13 567 4267 305 50 41.0 -28.7 | 268 26 26.0 0.8 14 520 4877 305 53 43.4 -30.4 | 272 28 28.4 -0.9 15 500 5160 305 57 46.7 -32.7 | 276 32 31.7 -3.2 16 455 5791 300 64 55.4 -32.0 | 274 41 40.4 -2.5 17 435 6096 305 64 52.4 -36.7 | 281 38 37.4 -7.2 18 421 6319 300 70 60.6 -35.0 | 277 46 45.6 -5.5 19 400 6660 300 68 58.9 -34.0 | 276 44 43.9 -4.5 20 363 7315 310 75 57.5 -48.2 | 294 46 42.5 -18.7 21 346 7620 310 73 55.9 -46.9 | 293 45 40.9 -17.4 22 316 8230 315 72 50.9 -50.9 | 301 42 35.9 -21.4 23 300 8580 295 72 65.3 -30.4 | 271 50 50.3 -1.0 24 282 8991 295 77 69.8 -32.5 | 273 55 54.8 -3.1 25 276 9144 295 77 69.8 -32.5 | 273 55 54.8 -3.1 26 250 9790 300 72 62.4 -36.0 | 278 48 47.4 -6.5 27 240 10058 300 69 59.8 -34.5 | 276 45 44.8 -5.0 28 200 11270 285 63 60.9 -16.3 | 254 48 45.9 13.2 29 200 11278 280 63 62.0 -10.9 | 248 51 47.1 18.5 30 182 11887 290 60 56.4 -20.5 | 258 42 41.4 9.0 31 151 13106 275 58 57.8 -5.1 | 240 49 42.8 24.4 32 150 13170 275 58 57.8 -5.1 | 240 49 42.8 24.4 33 120 14630 285 49 47.3 -12.7 | 243 36 32.3 16.8 34 114 14935 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 233 42 33.8 25.2 35 109 15240 275 60 59.8 -5.2 | 242 51 44.8 24.2 36 104 15545 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 242 52 45.8 24.2 37 100 15780 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 230 40 30.8 25.5 38 99 15850 285 52 50.2 -13.5 | 246 39 35.2 16.0 39 94 16154 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 230 40 30.8 25.5 40 86 16764 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 218 47 29.3 37.3 41 70 18040 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 243 44 39.2 19.9 42 67 18288 280 54 53.2 -9.4 | 242 43 38.2 20.1 43 61 18898 285 59 57.0 -15.3 | 251 44 42.0 14.2 44 53 19812 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 216 52 30.4 41.6 45 50 20120 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 217 60 35.8 47.9 46 41 21336 270 59 59.0 -0.0 | 236 53 44.0 29.5 47 37 21946 275 69 68.7 -6.0 | 246 59 53.8 23.5 48 34 22555 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 226 42 30.0 29.5 49 30 23270 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 209 28 13.6 24.4 50 28 23774 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 204 30 11.9 27.1 51 25 24384 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 211 38 19.9 32.5 52 24 24689 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 206 47 20.7 42.5 53 20 25603 245 54 48.9 22.8 | 213 62 34.0 52.3 54 20 25700 245 74 67.1 31.3 | 221 80 52.1 60.8 55 19 25908 240 75 65.0 37.5 | 217 84 50.0 67.0 56 17 26822 265 91 90.7 7.9 | 244 84 75.7 37.4 57 15 27432 275 78 77.7 -6.8 | 250 67 62.7 22.7 58 14 27737 270 87 87.0 -0.0 | 248 78 72.0 29.5 59 13 28651 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 222 51 34.3 38.2 60 12 28956 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 233 58 46.8 34.9 61 11 29566 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 206 47 20.7 42.5 62 10 29870 220 33 21.2 25.3 | 186 55 6.2 54.8 63 10 30090 215 43 24.7 35.2 | 189 65 9.7 64.7 64 10 30175 205 39 16.5 35.3 | 181 65 1.5 64.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 303.1 at 44.1 knts Storm direction: 333.1 at 33.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.0 neg: 3.5 tot: 7.5 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 92.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 215.4 neg: -13.5 tot: 201.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 67.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.53 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.1 stream: 5.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 106.04 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 284 17 184 25| 0.0 7.5 7.5| 47.1 0.0 47.1 94.2 0.84| 8.6 7.2 1000 289 20 191 23| 5.7 3.7 9.4| 88.7 0.0 88.7 88.7 0.74| 10.1 7.4 1500 294 25 202 21| 3.8 7.0 10.8|135.4 0.0 135.4 90.3 0.68| 12.1 8.2 2000 294 30 215 21| 4.6 5.3 9.9|188.1 0.0 188.1 94.0 0.66| 12.0 8.0 2500 296 33 224 21| 3.5 4.2 7.7|194.3 -13.5 180.8 72.3 0.54| 11.4 6.1 3000 299 34 229 20| 4.0 3.5 7.5|215.4 -13.5 201.9 67.3 0.53| 11.1 5.9 4000 303 37 239 19| 3.0 4.3 7.3|221.4 -18.3 203.1 50.8 0.43| 10.4 4.5 5000 303 40 248 20| 2.4 4.2 6.6|249.6 -18.3 231.3 46.3 0.43| 9.2 3.9 6000 303 44 256 23| 2.3 4.1 6.4|297.6 -42.6 255.0 42.5 0.38| 9.1 3.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251212.00.gif