UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 11 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 11 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 57 SFC 980 215 -6.5 -9.9 77 3.4 -7.5 280 13 268.2 268.5 266.8 273.2 1.84 2 976 247 -6.5 -11.0 70 4.5 -7.7 281 14 268.5 268.8 266.8 273.1 1.69 3 925 663 -9.9 -13.1 77 3.2 -10.7 290 29 269.2 269.4 266.9 273.4 1.50 4 875 1089 -13.7 -14.5 94 0.8 -13.9 288 28 269.6 269.8 267.0 273.5 1.42 5 850 1309 -14.9 -15.3 97 0.4 -15.0 285 29 270.5 270.8 267.6 274.4 1.37 6 846 1345 -15.1 -15.4 98 0.3 -15.2 285 30 270.7 270.9 267.7 274.5 1.36 7 843 1372 -14.9 -16.1 91 1.2 -15.2 284 30 271.2 271.4 267.9 274.8 1.29 8 820 1580 -15.9 -16.2 98 0.3 -16.0 282 34 272.3 272.5 268.7 276.0 1.31 9 795 1813 -17.5 -18.1 95 0.6 -17.6 280 38 273.0 273.2 268.8 276.3 1.16 10 766 2090 -19.7 -21.0 89 1.3 -19.9 280 42 273.5 273.7 268.8 276.2 0.93 11 700 2751 -25.3 -25.9 95 0.6 -25.4 285 45 274.5 274.6 268.9 276.4 0.66 12 699 2761 -25.3 -25.8 96 0.5 -25.4 286 45 274.6 274.7 269.0 276.6 0.67 13 686 2897 -26.3 -27.9 86 1.6 -26.5 292 46 274.9 275.0 269.1 276.6 0.56 14 683 2929 -26.7 -27.5 93 0.8 -26.8 294 46 274.8 274.9 269.0 276.6 0.59 15 681 2950 -26.7 -29.2 79 2.5 -27.0 295 46 275.1 275.2 269.0 276.6 0.50 16 670 3067 -27.3 -32.3 62 5.0 -27.8 300 47 275.7 275.7 269.2 276.8 0.38 17 666 3110 -27.5 -32.3 64 4.8 -28.0 299 48 275.9 276.0 269.4 277.1 0.38 18 662 3153 -27.7 -31.8 68 4.1 -28.1 298 49 276.2 276.3 269.5 277.4 0.40 19 630 3508 -28.5 -38.5 38 10.0 -29.3 289 55 279.2 279.2 271.1 279.9 0.22 20 624 3577 -28.3 -33.3 62 5.0 -28.8 287 56 280.2 280.3 271.9 281.4 0.37 21 617 3657 -28.5 -33.3 63 4.8 -29.0 285 58 280.9 280.9 272.3 282.1 0.37 22 569 4232 -32.5 -39.5 50 7.0 -33.0 285 60 282.8 282.8 273.2 283.5 0.22 23 535 4663 -35.5 -38.8 72 3.3 -35.7 285 66 284.2 284.2 274.0 285.0 0.25 24 511 4980 -37.5 -42.4 60 4.9 -37.8 285 71 285.5 285.6 274.6 286.1 0.18 25 500 5130 -38.7 -43.4 61 4.7 -38.9 285 72 285.9 285.9 274.8 286.4 0.16 26 493 5227 -39.5 -44.2 61 4.7 -39.7 285 73 286.0 286.1 274.9 286.5 0.15 27 489 5282 -39.9 -44.4 62 4.5 -40.1 285 74 286.2 286.2 274.9 286.7 0.15 28 483 5366 -40.1 -46.1 53 6.0 -40.4 285 75 287.0 287.0 275.3 287.4 0.13 29 471 5538 -41.1 -48.1 47 7.0 -41.4 285 77 287.8 287.8 275.7 288.2 0.10 30 468 5581 -41.5 -47.5 52 6.0 -41.8 285 78 287.8 287.9 275.7 288.2 0.11 31 458 5727 -42.3 -50.6 40 8.3 -42.6 285 80 288.7 288.7 276.1 288.9 0.08 32 455 5772 -42.5 -51.5 37 9.0 -42.8 285 80 288.9 288.9 276.2 289.2 0.07 33 447 5891 -42.7 -60.7 12 18.0 -43.1 283 77 290.1 290.1 276.7 290.2 0.02 34 426 6215 -43.3 -61.3 12 18.0 -43.7 280 72 293.4 293.4 278.4 293.5 0.02 35 418 6343 -42.1 -58.1 16 16.0 -42.6 280 73 296.5 296.5 279.8 296.6 0.04 36 400 6640 -43.5 -60.5 14 17.0 -43.9 280 75 298.5 298.5 280.7 298.6 0.03 37 388 6845 -44.3 -61.3 13 17.0 -44.7 280 71 300.0 300.0 281.4 300.1 0.03 38 375 7073 -44.7 -62.7 12 18.0 -45.1 276 67 302.4 302.4 282.4 302.5 0.02 39 373 7109 -44.3 -62.3 12 18.0 -44.7 274 67 303.4 303.4 282.8 303.5 0.02 40 361 7327 -45.9 -61.9 15 16.0 -46.3 260 69 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.2 0.03 41 347 7591 -44.5 -62.5 12 18.0 -45.0 264 68 309.5 309.5 285.2 309.6 0.02 42 300 8560 -47.5 -67.5 8 20.0 -47.9 245 56 318.4 318.4 288.2 318.5 0.01 43 284 8923 -48.3 -68.3 8 20.0 -48.7 246 59 322.3 322.3 289.5 322.3 0.01 44 259 9535 -46.9 -67.9 7 21.0 -47.4 253 67 333.0 333.0 292.5 333.0 0.02 45 253 9691 -47.7 -67.7 8 20.0 -48.1 254 69 334.0 334.0 292.8 334.1 0.02 46 250 9770 -46.5 -68.5 6 22.0 -47.0 260 69 336.9 336.9 293.6 337.0 0.02 47 237 10125 -44.5 -66.5 7 22.0 -45.2 264 62 345.1 345.1 295.6 345.2 0.02 48 205 11087 -47.5 -70.5 5 23.0 -48.1 266 52 355.0 355.0 297.7 355.1 0.01 49 200 11250 -47.3 -70.3 5 23.0 -47.9 265 52 357.9 357.9 298.3 357.9 0.01 50 174 12169 -48.7 -72.7 5 24.0 -49.3 260 61 370.1 370.1 300.6 370.2 0.01 51 171 12283 -48.5 -72.5 5 24.0 -49.1 260 58 372.3 372.3 300.9 372.3 0.01 52 150 13140 -51.5 -75.5 4 24.0 -52.0 260 56 381.3 381.3 302.5 381.4 0.01 53 146 13315 -52.3 -76.3 4 24.0 -52.8 262 56 382.9 382.9 302.7 382.9 0.01 54 126 14264 -53.3 -78.3 3 25.0 -53.8 270 57 397.6 397.6 304.9 397.6 0.01 55 114 14912 -50.7 -76.7 3 26.0 -51.4 270 56 414.0 414.0 307.0 414.0 0.01 56 100 15760 -52.9 -79.9 2 27.0 -53.6 265 35 425.5 425.5 308.3 425.6 0.01 57 88 16577 -56.9 -82.9 2 26.0 -57.4 264 36 433.3 433.3 309.2 433.4 0.00 58 82 17023 -57.3 -83.3 2 26.0 -57.8 263 38 441.4 441.4 310.0 441.4 0.00 59 76 17503 -57.5 -83.5 2 26.0 -58.0 261 39 450.6 450.6 310.9 450.7 0.00 60 70 18020 -59.7 -84.7 2 25.0 -60.2 255 38 456.7 456.7 311.5 456.7 0.00 61 63 18674 -61.7 -85.7 3 24.0 -62.1 253 39 466.2 466.2 312.3 466.2 0.00 62 60 18974 -64.3 -87.3 3 23.0 -64.6 246 49 467.0 467.0 312.4 467.0 0.00 63 55 19504 -65.1 -88.1 3 23.0 -65.4 252 56 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 64 50 20090 -60.7 -85.7 2 25.0 -61.2 275 59 500.4 500.4 315.0 500.5 0.01 65 46 20610 -60.5 -86.5 2 26.0 -61.1 276 51 513.0 513.0 315.8 513.0 0.00 66 45 20747 -59.1 -85.1 2 26.0 -59.8 279 49 519.6 519.6 316.3 519.7 0.01 67 41 21333 -57.9 -85.9 2 28.0 -58.8 266 36 536.6 536.6 317.3 536.7 0.01 68 33 22679 -65.5 -89.5 2 24.0 -65.9 262 25 550.9 550.9 318.1 550.9 0.00 69 30 23260 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.4 270 41 567.7 567.7 319.0 567.7 0.00 70 29 23467 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.4 265 29 573.2 573.2 319.3 573.3 0.00 71 29 23467 -62.9 -88.9 2 26.0 -63.6 265 29 578.7 578.8 319.6 578.8 0.00 72 29 23467 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.4 265 29 579.3 579.3 319.6 579.3 0.01 73 29 23467 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.4 265 29 579.3 579.3 319.6 579.3 0.01 74 28 23684 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.2 268 40 585.7 585.7 319.9 585.7 0.01 75 28 23684 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.2 268 40 585.7 585.7 319.9 585.7 0.01 76 27 23907 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.3 262 40 585.6 585.6 319.9 585.7 0.00 77 24 24625 -65.5 -89.5 2 24.0 -66.1 246 42 603.4 603.4 320.7 603.4 0.01 78 21 25428 -70.3 -92.3 3 22.0 -70.6 255 56 612.4 612.4 321.2 612.4 0.00 79 20 25720 -68.1 -93.1 2 25.0 -68.6 275 58 627.7 627.7 321.8 627.7 0.00 80 19 26029 -67.5 -92.5 2 25.0 -68.1 275 59 638.9 638.9 322.3 638.9 0.00 81 18 26362 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -61.0 275 61 674.1 674.1 323.6 674.1 0.01 82 17 26722 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -59.6 264 65 690.9 690.9 324.1 691.0 0.01 83 15 27511 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -61.1 266 67 710.8 710.8 324.8 710.9 0.01 84 13 28423 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -56.6 266 53 762.7 762.7 326.3 762.8 0.02 85 12 28937 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -58.5 246 64 771.8 771.8 326.5 772.0 0.02 86 12 28937 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -57.9 246 64 774.6 774.7 326.6 774.8 0.02 87 11 29490 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -61.2 239 52 778.9 778.9 326.7 779.0 0.01 88 10 30090 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -61.2 250 78 801.2 801.2 327.3 801.3 0.02 89 9.8 30217 -56.7 -88.7 1 32.0 -59.9 251 79 812.6 812.6 327.5 812.7 0.02 90 9.2 30616 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -61.2 252 83 821.3 821.3 327.7 821.4 0.02 91 8.8 30898 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -58.6 254 86 847.3 847.3 328.3 847.5 0.02 92 8.4 31195 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -59.7 255 89 852.3 852.4 328.4 852.5 0.02 93 8.2 31348 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -59.4 256 91 860.6 860.6 328.6 860.8 0.02 94 7.7 31746 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -61.9 257 95 862.6 862.6 328.7 862.7 0.02 95 7.5 31912 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -60.4 258 97 878.0 878.0 329.0 878.2 0.02 96 7.3 32084 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -60.9 259 98 882.4 882.4 329.1 882.6 0.02 97 7.1 32260 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -60.3 260 100 893.5 893.5 329.3 893.7 0.02 98 7.0 32350 -55.3 -88.3 1 33.0 -59.9 260 101 900.4 900.5 329.4 900.7 0.02 99 6.8 32536 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -58.5 917.9 918.0 329.8 918.2 0.03 TRP 361 7327 -45.9 -61.9 15 16.0 -46.3 260 69 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.2 0.03 WND 458 5727 -42.3 -50.6 40 8.3 -42.6 285 80 288.7 288.7 276.1 288.9 0.08 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5073.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.17 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 75.42 % Est. max temperature: -2.92 C = 26.74 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 928.41 mb = 634.43 m = 2081.45 ft T: -9.67 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.63 C/km ThetaE index: 0.06 C Layer 976.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 878.22 mb = 1060.76 m = 3480.16 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.54 g/kg Conv temperature: -5.18 C = 22.68 F Cap Strength: 10.35 C Lifted Index: 10.50 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 31.93 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.51 C Showalter Index: 9.68 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 47.20 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 23.80 C Cross Totals Index: 23.40 C K Index: 7.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 130.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.48 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.12 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.87 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 65461.91 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.46 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 884.41 mb = 1006.98 m = 3303.71 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 315 at 39 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 980 215 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 150 29 -14.5 25.3 1 931 610 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 180 18 -0.0 17.6 2 925 663 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 180 18 -0.0 17.6 3 895 914 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 177 21 -1.2 20.6 4 860 1219 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 180 18 -0.0 17.6 5 850 1309 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 182 20 0.7 20.0 6 793 1829 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 206 23 10.1 21.0 7 761 2134 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 217 25 15.1 20.1 8 730 2438 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 217 25 15.1 20.1 9 701 2743 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 228 23 17.1 15.6 10 700 2751 285 45 43.5 -11.6 | 225 23 16.2 15.9 11 671 3048 300 47 40.7 -23.5 | 253 14 13.4 4.1 12 616 3658 285 58 56.0 -15.0 | 246 31 28.7 12.5 13 565 4267 285 60 58.0 -15.5 | 249 33 30.7 12.0 14 518 4877 285 70 67.6 -18.1 | 257 41 40.3 9.4 15 500 5130 285 72 69.5 -18.6 | 258 43 42.3 8.9 16 458 5727 285 80 77.3 -20.7 | 262 50 50.0 6.8 17 454 5791 285 80 77.3 -20.7 | 262 50 50.0 6.8 18 434 6096 280 71 69.9 -12.3 | 250 45 42.6 15.2 19 400 6640 280 75 73.9 -13.0 | 253 49 46.6 14.5 20 378 7010 280 68 67.0 -11.8 | 248 43 39.7 15.7 21 362 7315 260 64 63.0 11.1 | 223 53 35.7 38.7 22 361 7327 260 69 68.0 12.0 | 226 57 40.7 39.5 23 345 7620 265 68 67.7 5.9 | 230 53 40.4 33.5 24 301 8534 260 53 52.2 9.2 | 214 44 24.9 36.8 25 300 8560 245 56 50.8 23.7 | 205 56 23.5 51.2 26 288 8839 245 58 52.6 24.5 | 206 58 25.3 52.1 27 275 9144 250 62 58.3 21.2 | 212 58 31.0 48.8 28 251 9754 255 70 67.6 18.1 | 221 61 40.3 45.7 29 250 9770 260 69 68.0 12.0 | 226 57 40.7 39.5 30 218 10668 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 221 36 23.7 27.6 31 200 11250 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 217 40 24.5 32.1 32 173 12192 260 61 60.1 10.6 | 221 50 32.8 38.1 33 165 12497 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 211 42 21.9 36.2 34 151 13106 255 51 49.3 13.2 | 208 46 22.0 40.8 35 150 13140 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 217 47 27.9 37.3 36 131 14021 270 57 57.0 -0.0 | 227 41 29.7 27.6 37 108 15240 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 226 40 28.7 27.6 38 100 15760 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 194 32 7.6 30.6 39 94 16154 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 194 32 7.6 30.6 40 70 17983 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 201 37 13.1 34.7 41 70 18020 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 194 39 9.4 37.4 42 67 18288 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 194 39 9.4 37.4 43 64 18593 255 37 35.7 9.6 | 193 38 8.4 37.1 44 58 19202 240 56 48.5 28.0 | 201 59 21.2 55.6 45 52 19812 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 222 44 29.5 32.5 46 50 20090 275 59 58.8 -5.1 | 235 39 31.5 22.4 47 50 20117 265 61 60.8 5.3 | 226 47 33.5 32.9 48 43 21031 285 43 41.5 -11.1 | 221 22 14.2 16.4 49 41 21336 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 196 32 8.6 30.7 50 37 21946 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 170 16 -2.8 16.1 51 35 22250 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 154 24 -10.4 21.4 52 34 22555 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 170 32 -5.6 31.4 53 30 23165 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 201 30 10.7 27.6 54 30 23260 270 41 41.0 -0.0 | 206 31 13.7 27.6 55 29 23470 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 183 30 1.6 30.1 56 28 23774 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 213 33 17.7 27.6 57 26 24079 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 184 39 2.8 38.5 58 25 24384 240 35 30.3 17.5 | 184 45 3.0 45.1 59 23 24994 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 211 48 24.9 41.5 60 20 25603 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 213 51 27.8 42.3 61 20 25720 275 58 57.8 -5.1 | 234 38 30.5 22.5 62 18 26213 275 59 58.8 -5.1 | 235 39 31.5 22.4 63 18 26518 275 63 62.8 -5.5 | 238 42 35.5 22.1 64 17 26822 260 66 65.0 11.5 | 224 54 37.7 39.0 65 16 27127 265 71 70.7 6.2 | 232 55 43.4 33.7 66 15 27432 265 69 68.7 6.0 | 231 53 41.4 33.6 67 13 28346 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 221 36 23.7 27.6 68 12 28956 245 64 58.0 27.0 | 209 63 30.7 54.6 69 10 29870 235 44 36.0 25.2 | 189 54 8.7 52.8 70 10 30090 250 78 73.3 26.7 | 220 71 46.0 54.2 71 7 32350 260 101 99.5 17.5 | 238 85 72.2 45.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 285.3 at 51.7 knts Storm direction: 315.3 at 38.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.8 neg: 2.6 tot: 7.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 101.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 223.9 neg: -6.5 tot: 217.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 72.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.64 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.2 stream: 6.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 111.88 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 288 23 165 21| 16.3 0.0 16.3| 71.1 -1.0 70.1 140.2 0.67| 17.6 11.8 1000 288 25 171 20| 8.4 0.0 8.4| 76.5 -5.5 71.0 71.0 0.52| 11.7 6.0 1500 286 28 178 20| 5.6 3.0 8.6|118.7 -5.5 113.2 75.5 0.60| 11.1 6.7 2000 284 31 187 20| 4.2 3.9 8.1|158.8 -5.5 153.3 76.7 0.65| 10.2 6.6 2500 283 33 195 21| 4.1 3.1 7.3|185.0 -5.5 179.6 71.8 0.68| 9.1 6.2 3000 286 36 202 19| 4.8 2.6 7.4|223.9 -6.5 217.3 72.4 0.64| 10.2 6.5 4000 286 41 217 20| 3.6 3.8 7.3|232.3 -22.8 209.6 52.4 0.49| 9.5 4.7 5000 286 47 230 23| 2.9 4.2 7.1|301.2 -22.8 278.4 55.7 0.49| 9.0 4.5 6000 285 52 238 27| 2.4 3.6 6.0|340.2-145.9 194.3 32.4 0.35| 9.1 3.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251211.12.gif