UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025121100.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 11 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 11 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 -59 SFC 966 215 0.4 -0.1 96 0.5 0.2 276.3 276.9 275.1 287.0 3.93 2 941 428 -1.3 -1.3 100 0.0 -1.3 276.6 277.2 275.0 286.7 3.69 3 925 566 -2.3 -2.8 96 0.5 -2.5 310 28 277.0 277.5 274.7 286.2 3.36 4 906 730 -3.3 -3.6 98 0.3 -3.4 305 28 277.6 278.1 274.8 286.5 3.23 5 850 1233 -5.7 -5.9 98 0.2 -5.8 290 27 280.2 280.7 275.8 288.3 2.89 6 794 1765 -8.3 -8.8 96 0.5 -8.5 281 28 282.9 283.3 276.7 290.0 2.47 7 700 2734 -13.1 -14.4 90 1.3 -13.5 265 31 288.0 288.3 278.3 293.3 1.79 8 684 2910 -13.7 -15.1 89 1.4 -14.1 265 31 289.2 289.5 278.8 294.4 1.73 9 630 3530 -17.5 -18.1 95 0.6 -17.6 267 31 291.8 292.0 279.7 296.2 1.46 10 615 3710 -18.5 -19.4 93 0.9 -18.7 267 31 292.6 292.9 279.9 296.8 1.34 11 601 3882 -19.9 -21.7 86 1.8 -20.3 267 31 292.9 293.1 279.7 296.4 1.12 12 598 3919 -20.3 -22.5 83 2.2 -20.7 267 31 292.9 293.1 279.6 296.2 1.05 13 556 4453 -24.5 -25.0 96 0.5 -24.6 268 30 294.1 294.3 280.0 297.0 0.90 14 554 4480 -23.9 -25.9 84 2.0 -24.2 268 30 295.1 295.3 280.4 297.8 0.84 15 513 5036 -28.1 -32.6 65 4.5 -28.6 270 30 296.6 296.7 280.6 298.2 0.48 16 500 5220 -29.5 -33.3 70 3.8 -29.9 270 30 297.1 297.2 280.7 298.6 0.46 17 466 5718 -33.3 -36.6 72 3.3 -33.6 275 30 298.4 298.5 281.1 299.6 0.36 18 457 5854 -34.3 -40.3 55 6.0 -34.8 276 30 298.8 298.9 281.2 299.7 0.25 19 440 6118 -36.1 -39.4 72 3.3 -36.4 279 29 299.8 299.8 281.7 300.8 0.28 20 438 6149 -36.5 -40.1 69 3.6 -36.8 279 29 299.7 299.7 281.5 300.6 0.27 21 427 6325 -37.9 -42.9 59 5.0 -38.2 281 29 300.1 300.1 281.7 300.8 0.20 22 400 6770 -42.1 -46.2 64 4.1 -42.3 285 29 300.3 300.3 281.7 300.8 0.15 23 398 6804 -42.3 -46.6 63 4.3 -42.5 284 29 300.4 300.5 281.7 301.0 0.15 24 387 6992 -44.1 -46.1 80 2.0 -44.2 280 32 300.5 300.5 281.8 301.1 0.16 25 382 7080 -44.7 -46.7 80 2.0 -44.8 277 33 300.8 300.9 281.9 301.4 0.15 26 376 7185 -45.1 -49.6 61 4.5 -45.3 275 34 301.7 301.7 282.2 302.1 0.11 27 374 7221 -45.5 -49.8 62 4.3 -45.7 274 34 301.6 301.6 282.2 302.0 0.11 28 368 7328 -46.3 -52.3 51 6.0 -46.5 271 35 301.9 301.9 282.3 302.2 0.08 29 365 7383 -46.5 -54.5 40 8.0 -46.7 270 36 302.4 302.4 282.4 302.6 0.06 30 363 7419 -46.5 -57.5 28 11.0 -46.8 269 37 302.8 302.9 282.6 303.0 0.04 31 358 7511 -46.5 -66.5 9 20.0 -46.9 268 39 304.1 304.1 283.0 304.1 0.01 32 300 8690 -44.1 -72.1 3 28.0 -44.7 245 68 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.2 0.01 33 293 8849 -43.9 -70.9 3 27.0 -44.5 242 64 325.7 325.7 290.5 325.7 0.01 34 250 9910 -46.7 -72.7 4 26.0 -47.3 235 63 336.6 336.6 293.5 336.7 0.01 35 200 11370 -50.7 -79.7 2 29.0 -51.1 250 64 352.5 352.5 297.2 352.5 0.00 36 172 12349 -53.5 -82.5 2 29.0 -53.9 250 74 363.4 363.4 299.4 363.4 0.00 37 164 12656 -53.8 -82.8 2 29.0 -54.2 250 79 367.9 367.9 300.2 367.9 0.00 38 150 13230 -54.3 -83.3 2 29.0 -54.7 250 69 376.5 376.5 301.7 376.5 0.00 39 131 14096 -55.5 -84.5 2 29.0 -55.9 256 66 389.2 389.2 303.7 389.3 0.00 40 123 14499 -53.7 -83.7 1 30.0 -54.2 259 64 399.6 399.6 305.2 399.6 0.00 41 100 15810 -60.1 -86.1 2 26.0 -60.4 260 62 411.6 411.6 306.7 411.6 0.00 42 97 16000 -60.7 -85.7 2 25.0 -61.0 260 62 414.0 414.0 307.0 414.0 0.00 43 74 17691 -58.7 -86.7 2 28.0 -59.2 279 56 451.6 451.6 311.0 451.6 0.00 44 70 18040 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.7 265 48 457.5 457.5 311.5 457.5 0.00 45 65 18502 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.1 267 46 464.3 464.3 312.1 464.3 0.00 46 62 18796 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.2 270 42 472.8 472.8 312.9 472.8 0.00 47 52 19881 -64.7 -88.7 2 24.0 -65.0 266 45 485.5 485.5 313.9 485.6 0.00 48 50 20120 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.4 270 44 492.4 492.4 314.4 492.4 0.00 49 48 20369 -64.7 -88.7 2 24.0 -65.0 271 42 496.8 496.8 314.7 496.8 0.00 50 39 21635 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.3 260 51 526.7 526.7 316.7 526.7 0.00 51 36 22128 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.4 268 60 549.7 549.7 318.1 549.8 0.00 52 34 22483 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.8 274 67 557.7 557.7 318.5 557.8 0.00 53 33 22669 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.4 277 63 566.8 566.8 319.0 566.8 0.00 54 30 23260 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.9 265 46 572.1 572.1 319.3 572.1 0.00 55 29 23468 -64.3 -90.3 2 26.0 -64.8 265 46 574.9 574.9 319.4 574.9 0.00 56 25 24380 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.5 265 54 604.4 604.4 320.8 604.4 0.00 57 24 24631 -64.1 -90.1 2 26.0 -64.8 281 52 607.4 607.5 320.9 607.5 0.00 58 21 25449 -63.9 -90.9 1 27.0 -64.7 273 42 631.7 631.7 322.0 631.7 0.00 59 20 25750 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -62.8 260 40 647.3 647.3 322.6 647.4 0.01 60 19 26067 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -63.6 258 41 654.4 654.4 322.9 654.4 0.01 61 17 26757 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -61.7 255 42 682.6 682.6 323.9 682.7 0.01 62 16 27133 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.8 254 46 686.7 686.7 324.0 686.8 0.01 63 15 27532 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -63.1 253 49 702.8 702.8 324.5 702.9 0.01 TRP 365 7383 -46.5 -54.5 40 8.0 -46.7 270 36 302.4 302.4 282.4 302.6 0.06 WND 164 12656 -53.8 -82.8 2 29.0 -54.2 250 79 367.9 367.9 300.2 367.9 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5279.00 m Freezing level: 960.12 mb = 265.03 m = 869.52 ft Wetbulb zero: 962.79 mb = 241.98 m = 793.90 ft Precipitable water: 0.40 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 90.39 % Est. max temperature: 5.89 C = 42.60 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 958.42 mb = 278.92 m = 915.09 ft T: -0.11 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.60 C/km ThetaE index: 0.77 C Layer 941.0- 906.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 913.27 mb = 667.12 m = 2188.70 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.38 g/kg Conv temperature: 1.46 C = 34.63 F Cap Strength: 8.91 C Lifted Index: 9.09 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.78 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 4.63 C Showalter Index: 7.98 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 47.40 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 23.80 C Cross Totals Index: 23.60 C K Index: 16.60 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 84.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.13 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 12.91 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.08 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.00 J/kg Cap Strength: 9.10 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 910.86 mb = 688.12 m = 2257.59 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 905.86 mb = 731.74 m = 2400.70 ft Equ Level (EL): 895.86 mb = 819.17 m = 2687.52 ft B at Equ Level: 12.52 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 835.86 mb = 1363.90 m = 4474.69 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 304 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 925 566 310 28 21.4 -18.0 | 330 6 3.1 -5.4 1 850 1233 290 27 25.4 -9.2 | 245 8 7.0 3.3 2 700 2734 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 219 20 12.5 15.3 3 500 5220 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 223 17 11.7 12.6 4 400 6770 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 242 11 9.7 5.0 5 365 7383 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 235 22 17.7 12.6 6 300 8690 245 68 61.6 28.7 | 226 60 43.3 41.3 7 1004 610 310 29 22.2 -18.6 | 328 7 3.9 -6.1 8 959 914 305 30 24.6 -17.2 | 307 8 6.2 -4.7 9 916 1219 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 250 9 8.0 3.0 10 875 1524 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 195 9 2.3 8.9 11 836 1829 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 204 16 6.6 14.7 12 799 2134 260 30 29.5 5.2 | 212 21 11.2 17.8 13 764 2438 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 219 20 12.5 15.3 14 730 2743 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 217 19 11.5 15.2 15 636 3658 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 226 28 20.1 19.3 16 581 4267 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 236 22 18.7 12.6 17 555 4572 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 240 19 16.5 9.5 18 530 4877 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 228 24 17.5 15.7 19 463 5791 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 212 12 6.6 10.4 20 442 6096 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 220 13 8.6 10.2 21 404 6706 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 246 12 10.6 4.8 22 368 7315 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 218 16 9.7 12.6 23 352 7620 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 227 29 21.1 19.5 24 336 7925 250 40 37.6 13.7 | 216 33 19.3 26.2 25 280 9144 240 72 62.4 36.0 | 222 66 44.0 48.6 26 250 9910 235 63 51.6 36.1 | 214 59 33.3 48.7 27 244 10058 230 65 49.8 41.8 | 210 63 31.5 54.3 28 203 11278 240 57 49.4 28.5 | 217 51 31.0 41.1 29 200 11370 250 64 60.1 21.9 | 231 54 41.8 34.4 30 194 11582 250 62 58.3 21.2 | 230 52 39.9 33.8 31 164 12656 250 79 74.2 27.0 | 235 68 55.9 39.6 32 160 12802 250 79 74.2 27.0 | 235 68 55.9 39.6 33 150 13230 250 69 64.8 23.6 | 232 59 46.5 36.1 34 109 15240 265 61 60.8 5.3 | 247 46 42.4 17.9 35 100 15810 260 62 61.1 10.8 | 241 49 42.7 23.3 36 95 16154 260 62 61.1 10.8 | 241 49 42.7 23.3 37 86 16764 270 68 68.0 -0.0 | 256 51 49.7 12.6 38 74 17678 280 56 55.1 -9.7 | 266 37 36.8 2.8 39 70 18040 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 240 34 29.5 16.7 40 67 18288 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 248 33 30.7 12.6 41 64 18593 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 237 30 25.5 16.4 42 58 19202 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 254 21 20.1 5.8 43 55 19507 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 231 32 25.0 20.2 44 50 20117 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 246 30 27.7 12.6 45 50 20120 270 44 44.0 -0.0 | 244 29 25.7 12.6 46 43 21031 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 242 20 17.5 9.4 47 41 21336 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 234 28 22.5 16.1 48 39 21641 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 236 38 31.9 21.4 49 34 22555 275 68 67.7 -5.9 | 262 50 49.4 6.6 50 32 22860 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 265 36 35.8 3.0 51 30 23165 255 44 42.5 11.4 | 225 34 24.2 23.9 52 30 23260 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 239 32 27.5 16.6 53 28 23774 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 239 32 27.5 16.6 54 26 24079 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 231 41 31.9 26.0 55 25 24384 265 54 53.8 4.7 | 244 39 35.5 17.3 56 24 24689 285 51 49.3 -13.2 | 271 31 30.9 -0.6 57 20 25603 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 240 25 21.7 12.6 58 20 25750 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 227 29 21.1 19.5 59 17 26213 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 224 32 22.2 23.4 60 11 27432 250 65 61.1 22.2 | 231 55 42.7 34.8 61 9 28042 245 61 55.3 25.8 | 224 53 36.9 38.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 274.4 at 29.6 knts Storm direction: 304.4 at 22.2 knts Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 175.1 deg Energy-Hel index: -0.81 Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 308 28 321 6| | | 1000 300 28 284 6| | | 1500 294 28 260 7| | | 2000 289 28 247 9| | | 2500 284 29 238 11| | | 3000 280 29 234 13| | | 4000 276 29 229 14| | | 5000 274 30 227 15| | | 6000 274 30 227 15| | | Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251211.00.gif