UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 9 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 9 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1001 215 -7.7 -14.7 57 7.0 -9.4 200 5 265.4 265.6 263.7 268.7 1.22 1 1000 222 -7.5 -15.5 53 8.0 -9.4 215 4 265.6 265.8 263.8 268.8 1.14 2 995 261 -6.7 -17.7 41 11.0 -9.2 211 4 266.8 267.0 264.3 269.5 0.95 3 991 293 -7.1 -20.1 35 13.0 -9.8 208 4 266.7 266.9 263.9 269.0 0.78 4 925 826 -11.5 -17.5 61 6.0 -12.8 45 2 267.5 267.7 265.0 270.5 1.04 5 860 1379 -15.9 -16.9 92 1.0 -16.1 348 18 268.6 268.8 266.0 271.9 1.18 6 853 1440 -16.1 -17.4 90 1.3 -16.4 349 20 269.0 269.2 266.1 272.2 1.14 7 850 1467 -15.9 -18.9 78 3.0 -16.5 350 21 269.5 269.7 266.3 272.3 1.01 8 847 1494 -15.9 -20.7 67 4.8 -16.8 350 21 269.8 269.9 266.2 272.2 0.87 9 844 1520 -14.3 -28.3 29 14.0 -16.4 350 22 271.7 271.8 266.7 273.0 0.44 10 842 1538 -14.3 -28.3 29 14.0 -16.4 350 22 271.9 272.0 266.8 273.2 0.44 11 839 1566 -14.3 -28.3 29 14.0 -16.4 351 21 272.2 272.3 267.0 273.5 0.44 12 834 1611 -14.3 -37.3 12 23.0 -17.0 353 20 272.6 272.7 266.8 273.2 0.19 13 820 1739 -14.7 -42.7 7 28.0 -17.5 357 16 273.5 273.6 267.3 273.9 0.11 14 787 2049 -16.9 -42.9 9 26.0 -19.4 342 13 274.4 274.4 267.8 274.8 0.11 15 763 2281 -17.5 -42.5 9 25.0 -19.9 325 14 276.2 276.2 269.0 276.6 0.12 16 747 2440 -16.9 -45.9 6 29.0 -19.6 315 16 278.5 278.6 270.4 278.8 0.08 17 727 2644 -15.3 -34.3 18 19.0 -17.9 312 17 282.5 282.5 273.1 283.4 0.29 18 717 2749 -15.3 -30.3 27 15.0 -17.6 310 18 283.6 283.7 274.0 284.9 0.43 19 702 2909 -16.1 -30.1 29 14.0 -18.3 301 24 284.4 284.5 274.5 285.8 0.45 20 700 2930 -16.1 -30.1 29 14.0 -18.3 300 25 284.7 284.7 274.6 286.1 0.45 21 695 2984 -16.3 -30.3 29 14.0 -18.5 300 26 285.0 285.1 274.8 286.4 0.44 22 691 3027 -16.7 -30.7 29 14.0 -18.8 300 27 285.0 285.1 274.8 286.4 0.43 23 662 3348 -19.1 -32.1 31 13.0 -20.9 300 32 285.9 285.9 275.2 287.1 0.39 24 654 3439 -19.9 -29.9 41 10.0 -21.4 299 31 286.0 286.0 275.3 287.5 0.49 25 642 3576 -21.1 -34.1 30 13.0 -22.7 297 30 286.1 286.2 275.2 287.2 0.33 26 626 3762 -22.5 -33.5 36 11.0 -23.9 295 29 286.6 286.6 275.5 287.7 0.36 27 617 3868 -23.3 -36.3 29 13.0 -24.7 295 29 286.9 286.9 275.5 287.8 0.28 28 614 3904 -23.5 -36.5 29 13.0 -24.9 295 29 287.0 287.1 275.6 287.9 0.27 29 611 3940 -23.9 -35.9 32 12.0 -25.2 295 29 287.0 287.0 275.6 287.9 0.29 30 597 4109 -24.5 -28.5 69 4.0 -25.1 295 30 288.2 288.3 276.7 290.1 0.61 31 555 4637 -28.1 -30.3 81 2.2 -28.4 281 32 290.0 290.1 277.5 291.8 0.55 32 551 4688 -28.5 -29.8 89 1.3 -28.7 282 31 290.1 290.2 277.6 292.0 0.59 33 545 4767 -28.7 -31.3 78 2.6 -29.0 283 31 290.8 290.9 277.9 292.4 0.51 34 538 4859 -29.5 -31.3 84 1.8 -29.7 285 30 290.9 291.0 277.9 292.6 0.52 35 533 4926 -29.9 -31.8 83 1.9 -30.1 285 30 291.2 291.3 278.0 292.8 0.50 36 531 4953 -29.9 -33.0 74 3.1 -30.2 286 31 291.5 291.6 278.1 293.0 0.45 37 528 4993 -29.9 -32.0 82 2.1 -30.2 286 31 292.0 292.1 278.4 293.6 0.50 38 523 5061 -30.1 -33.7 71 3.6 -30.5 287 32 292.6 292.6 278.6 293.9 0.42 39 515 5171 -30.9 -34.5 71 3.6 -31.3 288 33 292.9 292.9 278.7 294.2 0.40 40 503 5338 -32.1 -35.2 74 3.1 -32.4 290 35 293.4 293.5 278.9 294.7 0.38 41 500 5380 -32.3 -35.9 70 3.6 -32.6 290 35 293.7 293.7 279.0 294.8 0.36 42 498 5408 -32.5 -36.6 67 4.1 -32.9 290 35 293.8 293.8 279.0 294.9 0.33 43 483 5622 -34.3 -38.0 69 3.7 -34.6 288 36 294.1 294.2 279.1 295.1 0.30 44 472 5782 -35.3 -41.3 54 6.0 -35.7 287 37 294.8 294.9 279.3 295.6 0.22 45 456 6021 -36.7 -43.7 48 7.0 -37.1 286 38 296.0 296.0 279.8 296.6 0.17 46 430 6423 -40.3 -44.0 68 3.7 -40.5 283 39 296.4 296.5 280.0 297.0 0.18 47 400 6910 -44.3 -50.3 51 6.0 -44.5 280 40 297.4 297.4 280.3 297.8 0.10 48 388 7114 -45.9 -51.9 51 6.0 -46.1 280 41 297.9 297.9 280.6 298.2 0.08 49 352 7755 -51.5 -55.2 64 3.7 -51.6 268 42 298.8 298.8 280.9 299.0 0.06 50 349 7810 -51.9 -55.8 63 3.9 -52.0 267 43 299.0 299.0 281.0 299.2 0.06 51 331 8152 -53.9 -58.8 55 4.9 -54.0 276 45 300.8 300.8 281.7 300.9 0.04 52 317 8429 -55.3 -58.9 64 3.6 -55.4 275 44 302.6 302.6 282.5 302.7 0.04 53 305 8675 -56.1 -60.3 59 4.2 -56.2 268 42 304.8 304.8 283.4 305.0 0.04 54 304 8696 -56.3 -61.3 53 5.0 -56.4 267 42 304.8 304.8 283.4 305.0 0.03 55 300 8780 -56.7 -60.1 65 3.4 -56.8 265 41 305.4 305.4 283.6 305.6 0.04 56 298 8822 -57.3 -61.7 57 4.4 -57.3 265 42 305.2 305.2 283.5 305.3 0.03 57 250 9940 -54.9 -75.9 6 21.0 -55.1 265 56 324.4 324.4 290.1 324.5 0.01 58 200 11380 -52.9 -80.9 2 28.0 -53.2 265 72 349.0 349.0 296.4 349.0 0.00 59 150 13230 -56.3 -84.3 2 28.0 -56.6 265 86 373.1 373.1 301.1 373.1 0.00 60 118 14746 -56.9 -85.5 2 28.6 -57.3 260 89 398.5 398.5 305.0 398.5 0.00 61 100 15790 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.7 260 72 417.0 417.0 307.4 417.0 0.00 62 93 16247 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -58.9 260 73 423.4 423.4 308.1 423.4 0.00 63 82 17042 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.2 262 76 442.6 442.6 310.1 442.6 0.00 64 80 17198 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.6 262 73 442.8 442.8 310.1 442.9 0.00 65 79 17278 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -56.9 263 71 448.2 448.2 310.7 448.2 0.00 66 74 17690 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.3 265 64 451.1 451.2 311.0 451.2 0.00 67 70 18040 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.0 270 60 461.4 461.4 311.9 461.4 0.00 68 65 18508 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.3 266 57 473.0 473.0 312.9 473.0 0.00 69 62 18806 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.5 255 59 476.8 476.8 313.2 476.8 0.00 70 59 19119 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.1 252 60 487.2 487.2 314.0 487.2 0.00 71 51 20036 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.3 259 58 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.0 0.00 72 50 20160 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 260 58 506.1 506.1 315.4 506.1 0.00 73 48 20416 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.7 260 62 513.0 513.0 315.8 513.0 0.00 74 46 20683 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.2 269 51 515.4 515.4 316.0 515.4 0.00 75 46 20683 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 269 51 518.3 518.3 316.2 518.3 0.00 76 44 20961 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.3 262 45 519.1 519.1 316.2 519.1 0.00 77 39 21718 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -57.2 270 50 548.9 548.9 318.1 549.0 0.00 78 38 21882 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.1 270 41 550.5 550.5 318.1 550.5 0.00 79 36 22225 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -57.0 269 38 562.7 562.7 318.8 562.7 0.00 80 34 22587 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.2 268 38 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.00 81 31 23172 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.3 266 37 586.7 586.7 320.0 586.8 0.01 82 30 23380 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -57.7 265 37 591.2 591.2 320.2 591.2 0.01 83 27 24050 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.8 275 35 609.2 609.2 321.0 609.3 0.01 84 26 24290 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.2 275 27 611.3 611.3 321.1 611.3 0.01 85 24 24796 -57.3 -89.3 1 32.0 -58.8 262 27 627.2 627.2 321.8 627.2 0.01 86 24 24796 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -56.8 262 27 634.2 634.2 322.1 634.2 0.01 87 20 25960 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -58.1 275 31 664.5 664.5 323.2 664.5 0.01 88 19 26287 -54.5 -87.5 1 33.0 -56.9 272 29 679.2 679.2 323.7 679.3 0.01 89 18 26633 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -57.5 265 27 687.9 687.9 324.0 688.0 0.01 90 17 27000 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.6 250 25 707.6 707.6 324.7 707.7 0.01 91 14 28262 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -54.2 262 23 757.5 757.5 326.1 757.7 0.02 92 13 28746 -50.3 -85.3 1 35.0 -54.9 254 19 771.7 771.7 326.5 771.8 0.02 93 13 28746 -48.9 -84.9 1 36.0 -54.0 254 19 776.5 776.5 326.7 776.7 0.02 94 12 29270 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -55.2 274 16 788.8 788.8 327.0 789.0 0.02 95 11 29841 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -53.8 224 14 818.9 818.9 327.7 819.1 0.03 96 11 29841 -48.5 -85.5 1 37.0 -54.3 224 14 816.0 816.0 327.6 816.2 0.02 97 10 30470 -46.9 -84.9 1 38.0 -53.7 215 33 844.5 844.5 328.2 844.7 0.03 98 10 30470 -46.9 -84.9 1 38.0 -53.7 215 33 844.5 844.5 328.2 844.7 0.03 99 9.7 30672 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -53.8 851.9 851.9 328.4 852.2 0.04 100 8.9 31239 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -55.5 863.8 863.9 328.7 864.1 0.03 101 8.7 31389 -48.3 -85.3 1 37.0 -55.0 873.4 873.4 328.9 873.7 0.03 102 7.4 32447 -51.5 -86.5 1 35.0 -57.4 901.7 901.7 329.5 902.0 0.03 TRP 298 8822 -57.3 -61.7 57 4.4 -57.3 265 42 305.2 305.2 283.5 305.3 0.03 WND 118 14746 -56.9 -85.5 2 28.6 -57.3 260 89 398.5 398.5 305.0 398.5 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5158.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.12 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 46.65 % Est. max temperature: -3.74 C = 25.26 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 895.01 mb = 1076.16 m = 3530.67 ft T: -13.49 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.61 C/km ThetaE index: 0.56 C Layer 991.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 618.76 mb = 3847.18 m = 12621.82 ft Mean mixing ratio: 0.96 g/kg Conv temperature: 13.73 C = 56.72 F Cap Strength: 19.47 C Lifted Index: 19.65 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.19 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.47 C Showalter Index: 17.69 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 29.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.40 C Cross Totals Index: 13.40 C K Index: -16.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 77.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.80 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.95 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.81 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 77610.73 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.66 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 830.08 mb = 1646.61 m = 5402.21 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 329 at 18 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1001 215 200 5 1.7 4.7 | 159 21 -7.5 19.7 1 1000 222 215 4 2.3 3.3 | 159 20 -6.9 18.3 2 951 610 175 5 -0.4 5.0 | 154 22 -9.6 20.0 3 925 826 45 2 -1.4 -1.4 | 142 17 -10.6 13.6 4 914 914 25 4 -1.7 -3.6 | 136 16 -10.9 11.4 5 878 1219 345 12 3.1 -11.6 | 119 7 -6.1 3.4 6 850 1467 350 21 3.6 -20.7 | 44 8 -5.5 -5.6 7 844 1524 350 22 3.8 -21.7 | 39 9 -5.4 -6.6 8 810 1829 360 14 -0.0 -14.0 | 96 9 -9.2 1.0 9 778 2134 335 13 5.5 -11.8 | 131 5 -3.7 3.3 10 747 2438 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 210 4 2.1 3.7 11 718 2743 310 18 13.8 -11.6 | 233 6 4.6 3.5 12 700 2930 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 259 13 12.5 2.5 13 661 3353 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 273 19 18.5 -1.0 14 633 3658 295 29 26.3 -12.3 | 261 17 17.1 2.8 15 583 4267 295 30 27.2 -12.7 | 263 18 18.0 2.4 16 559 4572 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 247 24 22.3 9.5 17 536 4877 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 250 21 19.8 7.3 18 500 5380 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 263 24 23.7 3.1 19 450 6096 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 259 28 27.5 5.2 20 400 6910 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 255 31 30.2 8.1 21 376 7315 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 256 33 32.2 7.7 22 359 7620 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 245 36 32.8 15.0 23 342 7925 265 43 42.8 3.7 | 241 39 33.6 18.8 24 327 8230 280 46 45.3 -8.0 | 259 37 36.1 7.0 25 300 8780 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 240 37 31.6 18.6 26 298 8822 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 240 38 32.6 18.7 27 283 9144 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 245 36 32.8 15.0 28 250 9940 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 247 51 46.6 19.9 29 203 11278 270 76 76.0 -0.0 | 257 68 66.8 15.0 30 200 11380 265 72 71.7 6.3 | 251 66 62.5 21.3 31 150 13230 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 254 80 76.5 22.5 32 146 13411 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 254 80 76.5 22.5 33 132 14021 270 65 65.0 -0.0 | 255 58 55.8 15.0 34 126 14326 255 75 72.4 19.4 | 241 72 63.2 34.4 35 118 14746 260 89 87.6 15.5 | 249 84 78.5 30.5 36 115 14935 260 89 87.6 15.5 | 249 84 78.5 30.5 37 109 15240 265 85 84.7 7.4 | 253 79 75.5 22.4 38 100 15790 260 72 70.9 12.5 | 246 68 61.7 27.5 39 94 16154 260 72 70.9 12.5 | 246 68 61.7 27.5 40 86 16764 260 81 79.8 14.1 | 248 76 70.6 29.1 41 74 17678 265 64 63.8 5.6 | 249 58 54.6 20.6 42 71 17983 265 73 72.7 6.4 | 251 67 63.5 21.4 43 70 18040 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 254 53 50.8 15.0 44 67 18288 270 62 62.0 -0.0 | 254 55 52.8 15.0 45 64 18593 265 55 54.8 4.8 | 246 50 45.6 19.8 46 61 18898 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 233 60 48.1 35.9 47 50 20160 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 242 54 47.9 25.1 48 48 20422 260 62 61.1 10.8 | 244 58 51.9 25.8 49 46 20726 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 249 43 39.8 15.0 50 44 21031 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 236 41 34.1 22.7 51 41 21336 250 49 46.0 16.8 | 229 49 36.8 31.8 52 40 21641 270 54 54.0 -0.0 | 251 47 44.8 15.0 53 38 21946 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 242 32 28.8 15.0 54 30 23380 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 237 33 27.7 18.3 55 30 23470 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 221 36 23.7 27.0 56 28 23774 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 242 32 27.8 15.0 57 27 24079 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 245 28 25.7 12.0 58 26 24384 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 229 20 14.7 12.9 59 24 24689 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 219 25 15.4 19.4 60 23 24994 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 231 28 21.7 17.7 61 22 25298 230 26 19.9 16.7 | 199 34 10.7 31.7 62 20 25908 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 241 31 26.8 15.0 63 20 25960 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 240 25 21.7 12.3 64 18 26518 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 230 23 17.8 15.0 65 17 27127 245 25 22.7 10.6 | 208 29 13.5 25.6 66 16 27432 265 18 17.9 1.6 | 208 19 8.7 16.6 67 15 27737 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 204 30 12.5 27.5 68 15 28042 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 226 22 15.8 15.0 69 13 28651 250 20 18.8 6.8 | 204 24 9.6 21.9 70 11 29566 285 14 13.5 -3.6 | 201 12 4.3 11.4 71 11 29870 220 14 9.0 10.7 | 180 26 -0.2 25.8 72 10 30470 215 33 18.9 27.0 | 193 43 9.7 42.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 298.5 at 23.5 knts Storm direction: 328.5 at 17.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.0 neg: 5.1 tot: 6.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 110.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 49.6 neg: -71.0 tot: -21.4 m^2/s^2 ave: -7.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.07 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.7 stream: 0.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.05 Bulk Shear: 86.60 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 185 4 156 21| 0.0 6.2 6.2| 0.0 -34.9 -34.9 -69.8 -0.77| 8.3 -6.4 1000 337 5 145 12| 0.0 8.4 8.4| 0.0 -55.9 -55.9 -55.9 -0.51| 11.9 -6.1 1500 349 10 127 9| 2.0 5.6 7.5| 11.4 -71.0 -59.6 -39.8 -0.40| 13.2 -5.3 2000 349 11 123 8| 1.5 3.4 4.9| 25.4 -71.0 -45.6 -22.8 -0.16| 12.6 -2.0 2500 338 12 130 6| 1.2 3.6 4.8| 31.4 -71.0 -39.6 -15.8 -0.03| 11.4 -0.4 3000 326 14 159 4| 1.0 5.1 6.0| 49.6 -71.0 -21.4 -7.1 0.07| 11.7 0.8 4000 312 18 235 5| 0.7 3.8 4.6| 55.4 -87.4 -31.9 -8.0 0.03| 9.6 0.3 5000 303 21 246 9| 1.0 3.2 4.2| 80.7-117.9 -37.2 -7.4 0.01| 9.1 0.1 6000 299 23 252 12| 0.8 3.1 3.9| 90.5-130.2 -39.7 -6.6 0.01| 8.2 0.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251209.00.gif