UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 8 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 8 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1001 215 -11.5 -15.1 75 3.6 -12.3 360 1 261.6 261.8 260.8 264.8 1.18 1 1000 226 -10.7 -16.7 61 6.0 -11.9 30 5 262.5 262.6 261.2 265.3 1.03 2 995 265 -9.9 -17.9 52 8.0 -11.5 30 6 263.6 263.8 261.9 266.2 0.94 3 984 350 -9.5 -18.5 48 9.0 -11.3 30 8 264.9 265.0 262.7 267.4 0.90 4 969 469 -10.5 -18.5 52 8.0 -12.1 30 10 265.0 265.2 262.9 267.6 0.92 5 955 580 -11.5 -21.5 43 10.0 -13.3 30 12 265.1 265.2 262.6 267.1 0.72 6 948 637 -12.1 -20.1 51 8.0 -13.6 31 13 265.1 265.2 262.7 267.4 0.82 7 934 750 -12.9 -24.9 36 12.0 -14.8 33 14 265.4 265.5 262.4 266.9 0.54 8 925 824 -13.3 -29.3 25 16.0 -15.5 35 15 265.7 265.8 262.3 266.8 0.37 9 909 957 -13.7 -33.7 17 20.0 -16.2 32 16 266.6 266.7 262.7 267.4 0.24 10 880 1202 -15.7 -31.7 24 16.0 -17.7 16 19 267.0 267.1 263.2 267.9 0.31 11 875 1245 -15.5 -35.5 16 20.0 -17.8 13 19 267.7 267.7 263.4 268.3 0.21 12 859 1384 -16.1 -38.1 13 22.0 -18.4 2 22 268.5 268.5 263.9 269.0 0.17 13 850 1463 -15.9 -40.9 10 25.0 -18.3 355 23 269.5 269.5 264.6 269.9 0.13 14 837 1579 -15.7 -42.7 8 27.0 -18.3 350 24 270.9 270.9 265.5 271.2 0.11 15 826 1679 -16.1 -33.1 22 17.0 -18.2 346 25 271.5 271.5 266.3 272.4 0.28 16 783 2081 -16.9 -42.9 9 26.0 -19.4 332 28 274.8 274.8 268.1 275.2 0.11 17 738 2523 -19.1 -47.1 7 28.0 -21.4 321 30 277.1 277.1 269.5 277.4 0.07 18 718 2727 -20.3 -46.3 8 26.0 -22.4 325 33 278.0 278.0 270.1 278.3 0.08 19 700 2915 -19.1 -50.1 5 31.0 -21.5 325 41 281.3 281.3 272.1 281.5 0.06 20 682 3109 -19.1 -52.1 4 33.0 -21.6 322 43 283.4 283.4 273.2 283.6 0.05 21 670 3241 -18.1 -47.1 6 29.0 -20.8 321 44 286.0 286.0 274.7 286.3 0.08 22 632 3675 -20.1 -44.1 10 24.0 -22.4 315 49 288.5 288.6 276.1 288.9 0.12 23 624 3770 -19.7 -44.7 9 25.0 -22.1 313 50 290.0 290.1 276.9 290.4 0.11 24 605 3999 -20.7 -45.7 9 25.0 -23.0 307 51 291.5 291.5 277.6 291.8 0.11 25 524 5045 -28.3 -47.3 14 19.0 -29.7 292 59 294.6 294.6 279.0 294.9 0.10 26 500 5380 -30.1 -45.1 22 15.0 -31.2 285 63 296.3 296.4 279.9 296.8 0.14 27 482 5640 -32.3 -45.3 26 13.0 -33.2 283 64 296.8 296.8 280.1 297.2 0.14 28 469 5832 -33.7 -47.7 23 14.0 -34.6 282 64 297.3 297.4 280.3 297.7 0.11 29 455 6043 -35.5 -42.5 49 7.0 -36.0 280 65 297.7 297.7 280.6 298.4 0.20 30 454 6058 -35.7 -40.7 60 5.0 -36.1 280 65 297.6 297.7 280.7 298.4 0.24 31 444 6213 -36.3 -42.3 54 6.0 -36.7 279 67 298.8 298.8 281.1 299.5 0.21 32 443 6229 -36.3 -43.3 48 7.0 -36.8 279 68 299.0 299.0 281.1 299.6 0.19 33 442 6244 -36.3 -44.3 43 8.0 -36.8 278 68 299.1 299.2 281.2 299.7 0.17 34 441 6260 -36.3 -45.3 39 9.0 -36.8 278 69 299.3 299.4 281.3 299.9 0.15 35 440 6276 -36.3 -48.3 28 12.0 -37.0 278 69 299.5 299.6 281.3 299.9 0.11 36 436 6339 -36.7 -50.7 22 14.0 -37.4 277 70 299.8 299.8 281.4 300.1 0.08 37 430 6435 -37.3 -52.3 20 15.0 -38.0 276 73 300.2 300.2 281.5 300.5 0.07 38 417 6646 -38.9 -50.9 27 12.0 -39.5 273 77 300.8 300.8 281.8 301.1 0.09 39 411 6745 -39.5 -52.5 24 13.0 -40.1 272 80 301.3 301.3 282.0 301.6 0.07 40 407 6812 -39.9 -53.9 21 14.0 -40.5 271 81 301.6 301.6 282.1 301.9 0.06 41 400 6930 -41.1 -54.1 23 13.0 -41.6 270 84 301.6 301.6 282.1 301.8 0.06 42 377 7329 -44.7 -54.7 32 10.0 -45.0 265 86 302.0 302.0 282.3 302.2 0.06 43 370 7454 -45.9 -52.9 45 7.0 -46.2 265 86 302.0 302.0 282.3 302.3 0.08 44 367 7508 -46.3 -55.3 35 9.0 -46.6 265 87 302.2 302.2 282.3 302.4 0.06 45 355 7728 -48.1 -55.1 44 7.0 -48.3 265 87 302.6 302.6 282.5 302.9 0.06 46 352 7784 -48.3 -59.3 27 11.0 -48.6 264 88 303.1 303.1 282.7 303.2 0.04 47 347 7878 -48.9 -60.9 23 12.0 -49.1 264 88 303.5 303.5 282.8 303.6 0.03 48 340 8011 -50.3 -59.3 34 9.0 -50.5 263 89 303.4 303.4 282.8 303.5 0.04 49 338 8050 -50.3 -61.3 26 11.0 -50.5 263 89 303.9 303.9 283.0 304.0 0.03 50 335 8108 -50.7 -57.7 43 7.0 -50.8 263 89 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.3 0.05 51 332 8166 -51.1 -53.3 77 2.2 -51.2 263 89 304.4 304.4 283.2 304.7 0.08 52 330 8206 -51.3 -55.4 61 4.1 -51.4 263 89 304.6 304.6 283.4 304.9 0.06 53 329 8225 -51.3 -55.2 63 3.9 -51.4 262 90 304.9 304.9 283.4 305.1 0.07 54 302 8777 -54.5 -59.1 57 4.6 -54.6 260 92 307.9 307.9 284.6 308.1 0.04 55 300 8820 -54.3 -57.9 64 3.6 -54.4 260 93 308.8 308.8 284.9 309.0 0.05 56 250 9990 -53.7 -71.7 9 18.0 -53.9 255 99 326.2 326.2 290.6 326.3 0.01 57 245 10120 -53.7 -72.3 9 18.6 -53.9 260 104 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.01 58 200 11430 -53.5 -78.5 3 25.0 -53.8 260 93 348.0 348.0 296.2 348.1 0.00 59 150 13280 -53.7 -84.7 1 31.0 -54.1 260 91 377.5 377.5 301.8 377.6 0.00 60 100 15870 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.6 260 75 419.3 419.3 307.6 419.3 0.00 61 96 16128 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.8 260 75 421.9 421.9 307.9 421.9 0.00 62 93 16328 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.3 263 82 426.6 426.6 308.4 426.6 0.00 63 90 16537 -53.1 -86.1 1 33.0 -53.8 265 85 438.1 438.1 309.7 438.1 0.00 64 88 16681 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -54.2 265 79 440.2 440.2 309.9 440.2 0.00 65 87 16754 -52.3 -86.3 1 34.0 -53.1 265 75 444.0 444.0 310.3 444.0 0.00 66 72 17954 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.3 241 72 452.6 452.6 311.1 452.6 0.00 67 71 18041 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.6 246 73 458.2 458.2 311.6 458.2 0.00 68 70 18130 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.6 255 75 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 69 64 18689 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.4 263 78 463.3 463.3 312.1 463.3 0.00 70 60 19090 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 270 74 475.0 475.0 313.1 475.0 0.00 71 58 19301 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -62.3 270 68 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 72 56 19520 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -59.9 270 62 487.7 487.7 314.1 487.7 0.00 73 53 19866 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.5 270 52 496.3 496.3 314.7 496.4 0.00 74 50 20230 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.6 265 57 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 75 46 20746 -62.1 -90.1 1 28.0 -62.6 274 51 509.1 509.1 315.6 509.2 0.00 76 45 20882 -58.9 -89.9 1 31.0 -59.6 267 44 520.1 520.1 316.3 520.1 0.00 77 43 21167 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.5 255 42 527.4 527.4 316.8 527.4 0.00 78 41 21465 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.0 250 49 533.2 533.2 317.1 533.2 0.00 79 40 21620 -57.3 -89.3 1 32.0 -58.3 250 52 542.0 542.0 317.6 542.0 0.00 80 38 21943 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.0 250 46 547.9 547.9 318.0 547.9 0.00 81 34 22645 -56.7 -89.7 1 33.0 -57.9 256 34 569.3 569.3 319.1 569.3 0.00 82 33 22835 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -56.6 266 33 578.4 578.4 319.6 578.5 0.00 83 30 23440 -57.1 -90.1 1 33.0 -58.4 250 31 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.00 84 29 23655 -56.3 -89.3 1 33.0 -57.8 243 29 596.9 596.9 320.5 596.9 0.00 85 28 23878 -56.9 -88.9 1 32.0 -58.3 257 30 601.3 601.3 320.7 601.3 0.01 86 28 23878 -55.5 -88.5 1 33.0 -57.1 257 30 605.2 605.2 320.9 605.2 0.01 87 26 24347 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.2 271 23 611.3 611.3 321.1 611.3 0.01 88 25 24595 -56.7 -88.7 1 32.0 -58.3 263 27 621.7 621.7 321.6 621.7 0.01 89 24 24853 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.5 268 33 624.9 624.9 321.7 624.9 0.01 90 20 26020 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -54.4 225 12 679.1 679.2 323.7 679.2 0.01 91 19 26353 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -54.5 247 19 689.2 689.2 324.1 689.3 0.01 92 18 26703 -53.5 -87.5 1 34.0 -56.3 229 19 693.0 693.0 324.2 693.1 0.01 93 17 27072 -51.5 -87.5 1 36.0 -54.9 253 20 710.8 710.8 324.8 710.9 0.01 94 17 27072 -51.9 -86.9 1 35.0 -55.2 253 20 709.5 709.5 324.7 709.6 0.01 95 16 27466 -50.3 -86.3 1 36.0 -54.3 272 21 727.2 727.2 325.3 727.3 0.01 96 15 27885 -52.7 -86.7 1 34.0 -56.1 285 18 732.7 732.7 325.4 732.8 0.01 97 14 28335 -48.7 -85.7 1 37.0 -53.7 264 10 760.9 760.9 326.3 761.0 0.02 98 13 28824 -46.7 -84.7 1 38.0 -52.7 216 13 784.1 784.1 326.8 784.3 0.02 99 12 29355 -46.7 -84.7 1 38.0 -52.9 170 14 802.3 802.3 327.3 802.5 0.03 100 11 29932 -46.7 -84.7 1 38.0 -53.2 342 3 822.5 822.5 327.8 822.7 0.03 101 10 30560 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -55.3 360 12 834.0 834.0 328.0 834.3 0.03 102 8.9 31321 -50.7 -86.7 1 36.0 -56.3 335 14 858.4 858.4 328.6 858.7 0.02 103 7.0 32900 -46.3 -85.3 0 39.0 -54.9 285 19 937.7 937.7 330.1 938.0 0.04 104 6.8 33093 -45.1 -85.1 0 40.0 -54.4 950.5 950.5 330.4 950.9 0.04 TRP 302 8777 -54.5 -59.1 57 4.6 -54.6 260 92 307.9 307.9 284.6 308.1 0.04 WND 245 10120 -53.7 -72.3 9 18.6 -53.9 260 104 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5154.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.06 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 15.40 % Est. max temperature: -3.70 C = 25.34 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 944.48 mb = 665.13 m = 2182.16 ft T: -12.30 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.46 C/km ThetaE index: 0.58 C Layer 934.0- 909.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 510.88 mb = 5226.32 m = 17146.50 ft Mean mixing ratio: 0.66 g/kg Conv temperature: 22.46 C = 72.43 F Cap Strength: 23.01 C Lifted Index: 24.08 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 29.56 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 13.75 C Showalter Index: 21.85 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 3.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 14.20 C Cross Totals Index: -10.80 C K Index: -57.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 109.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.74 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 9.69 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.40 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 82286.42 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.66 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 799.17 mb = 1926.90 m = 6321.77 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 337 at 31 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1001 215 360 1 -0.0 -1.0 | 157 30 -11.7 27.2 1 1000 226 30 5 -2.5 -4.3 | 149 28 -14.2 23.9 2 951 610 30 13 -6.5 -11.3 | 133 25 -18.2 17.0 3 925 824 35 15 -8.6 -12.3 | 128 26 -20.3 15.9 4 914 914 35 15 -8.6 -12.3 | 128 26 -20.3 15.9 5 878 1219 15 19 -4.9 -18.4 | 121 19 -16.6 9.9 6 850 1463 355 23 2.0 -22.9 | 119 11 -9.7 5.3 7 809 1829 340 26 8.9 -24.4 | 144 5 -2.8 3.8 8 777 2134 330 28 14.0 -24.2 | 210 5 2.3 4.0 9 746 2438 320 29 18.6 -22.2 | 229 9 6.9 6.0 10 716 2743 325 33 18.9 -27.0 | 261 7 7.2 1.2 11 700 2915 325 41 23.5 -33.6 | 294 13 11.8 -5.4 12 633 3658 315 49 34.6 -34.6 | 286 24 23.0 -6.4 13 582 4267 300 53 45.9 -26.5 | 267 34 34.2 1.7 14 536 4877 295 57 51.7 -24.1 | 264 40 40.0 4.1 15 500 5380 285 63 60.9 -16.3 | 256 51 49.2 11.9 16 451 6096 280 65 64.0 -11.3 | 252 55 52.3 16.9 17 400 6930 270 84 84.0 -0.0 | 249 78 72.3 28.2 18 377 7315 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 244 82 74.0 35.7 19 360 7620 265 87 86.7 7.6 | 244 83 75.0 35.8 20 302 8777 260 92 90.6 16.0 | 241 90 78.9 44.2 21 300 8820 260 93 91.6 16.1 | 241 91 79.9 44.4 22 285 9144 260 93 91.6 16.1 | 241 91 79.9 44.4 23 250 9990 255 99 95.6 25.6 | 237 100 83.9 53.8 24 245 10120 260 104 102.4 18.1 | 243 102 90.7 46.3 25 236 10363 260 104 102.4 18.1 | 243 102 90.7 46.3 26 200 11430 260 93 91.6 16.1 | 241 91 79.9 44.4 27 154 13106 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 245 84 76.0 35.9 28 150 13280 260 91 89.6 15.8 | 241 90 77.9 44.0 29 134 14021 260 103 101.4 17.9 | 243 101 89.7 46.1 30 116 14935 260 81 79.8 14.1 | 238 80 68.1 42.3 31 110 15240 255 87 84.0 22.5 | 235 88 72.3 50.7 32 100 15850 265 91 90.7 7.9 | 245 87 79.0 36.2 33 100 15870 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 236 75 62.2 41.3 34 96 16154 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 236 75 62.2 41.3 35 91 16459 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 245 84 76.0 35.9 36 87 16764 265 75 74.7 6.5 | 241 72 63.0 34.8 37 72 17983 240 72 62.4 36.0 | 218 82 50.7 64.2 38 70 18130 255 75 72.4 19.4 | 232 77 60.7 47.6 39 68 18288 250 73 68.6 25.0 | 227 78 56.9 53.2 40 62 18898 270 80 80.0 -0.0 | 248 74 68.3 28.2 41 51 20117 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 230 44 33.3 28.2 42 50 20230 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 234 56 45.1 33.2 43 48 20422 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 234 56 45.1 33.2 44 46 20726 275 52 51.8 -4.5 | 239 47 40.1 23.7 45 44 21031 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 216 43 25.7 34.8 46 42 21336 250 46 43.2 15.7 | 216 54 31.5 44.0 47 40 21641 250 52 48.9 17.8 | 219 59 37.2 46.0 48 35 22555 250 34 31.9 11.6 | 207 45 20.3 39.9 49 31 23165 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 224 28 19.2 19.9 50 30 23440 250 31 29.1 10.6 | 204 43 17.4 38.8 51 30 23470 240 24 20.8 12.0 | 193 41 9.1 40.2 52 28 23774 245 33 29.9 13.9 | 203 46 18.2 42.2 53 27 24079 280 24 23.6 -4.2 | 206 27 11.9 24.1 54 26 24384 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 202 30 11.3 28.2 55 25 24689 260 29 28.6 5.0 | 207 37 16.9 33.3 56 24 24994 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 224 35 24.2 25.1 57 21 25603 290 15 14.1 -5.1 | 186 23 2.4 23.1 58 20 25908 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 208 25 11.5 22.0 59 20 26020 225 12 8.5 8.5 | 175 37 -3.2 36.7 60 19 26213 280 18 17.7 -3.1 | 194 26 6.0 25.1 61 19 26518 210 20 10.0 17.3 | 178 46 -1.7 45.5 62 18 26822 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 187 38 4.8 37.7 63 16 27432 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 198 30 9.3 28.2 64 15 27737 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 203 24 9.6 22.5 65 15 28042 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 187 25 2.8 24.3 66 14 28346 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 177 29 -1.7 29.1 67 12 29261 175 16 -1.4 15.9 | 163 46 -13.1 44.2 68 12 29566 160 10 -3.4 9.4 | 158 41 -15.1 37.6 69 11 29870 340 2 0.7 -1.9 | 157 29 -11.0 26.3 70 10 30560 360 12 -0.0 -12.0 | 144 20 -11.7 16.2 71 7 32900 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 196 24 6.7 23.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 307.5 at 40.7 knts Storm direction: 337.5 at 30.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.3 neg: 7.2 tot: 9.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 134.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 37.7 neg: -119.1 tot: -81.4 m^2/s^2 ave: -27.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.03 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.0 stream: 0.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 219.20 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 30 10 140 26| 13.5 0.0 13.5| 0.0 -86.5 -86.5 -173.0 -0.92| 13.7-12.6 1000 29 13 133 25| 6.8 3.6 10.3| 0.0-111.6-111.6 -111.6 -0.75| 11.1 -8.4 1500 14 16 129 20| 4.5 6.4 11.0| 3.5-115.2-111.7 -74.5 -0.45| 11.9 -5.3 2000 360 19 129 15| 3.4 6.6 10.0| 11.7-115.2-103.5 -51.7 -0.19| 11.2 -2.2 2500 349 21 135 11| 2.7 6.2 8.9| 22.6-115.2 -92.6 -37.0 -0.06| 10.5 -0.7 3000 341 24 143 7| 2.3 7.2 9.4| 37.7-119.1 -81.4 -27.1 0.03| 11.0 0.3 4000 329 31 244 5| 1.7 7.0 8.7| 37.7-192.8-155.0 -38.8 -0.10| 10.7 -1.1 5000 318 36 262 13| 1.4 6.8 8.1| 37.7-265.2-227.5 -45.5 -0.15| 10.2 -1.6 6000 307 41 261 21| 1.1 6.4 7.5| 37.7-351.9-314.1 -52.4 -0.19| 9.6 -1.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251208.12.gif