UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 8 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 8 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 149 290 13 SFC 991 215 -1.7 -4.5 81 2.8 -2.7 290 13 272.2 272.6 270.9 279.7 2.76 2 940 637 -5.7 -6.0 98 0.3 -5.8 302 19 272.2 272.7 270.7 279.3 2.59 3 936 671 -5.9 -6.2 98 0.3 -6.0 304 19 272.4 272.8 270.8 279.4 2.56 4 925 764 -6.5 -7.1 95 0.6 -6.7 310 21 272.7 273.1 270.7 279.3 2.42 5 902 960 -8.1 -8.5 97 0.4 -8.2 310 19 273.0 273.4 270.6 279.1 2.23 6 882 1134 -9.1 -11.3 84 2.2 -9.7 310 20 273.7 274.0 270.4 278.8 1.82 7 869 1249 -10.1 -11.1 92 1.0 -10.4 309 21 273.8 274.1 270.6 279.1 1.88 8 867 1267 -10.1 -11.9 87 1.8 -10.6 308 21 274.0 274.3 270.5 279.0 1.77 9 856 1365 -10.9 -10.9 100 0.0 -10.9 303 20 274.2 274.5 270.9 279.6 1.94 10 850 1419 -11.3 -11.3 100 0.0 -11.3 300 20 274.3 274.6 270.9 279.6 1.89 11 787 2005 -15.1 -16.2 91 1.1 -15.3 279 30 276.3 276.6 271.3 280.3 1.37 12 779 2083 -14.7 -15.5 94 0.8 -14.9 274 32 277.6 277.8 272.2 281.8 1.47 13 752 2349 -15.9 -16.3 97 0.4 -16.0 267 39 279.1 279.3 273.0 283.2 1.42 14 747 2400 -15.3 -15.8 96 0.5 -15.4 266 41 280.3 280.5 273.8 284.6 1.49 15 739 2481 -15.9 -17.2 90 1.3 -16.2 264 43 280.5 280.7 273.7 284.4 1.34 16 725 2625 -16.9 -17.3 97 0.4 -17.0 262 46 280.9 281.2 273.9 284.9 1.36 17 708 2802 -18.1 -18.8 94 0.7 -18.3 260 48 281.5 281.7 274.1 285.1 1.22 18 700 2887 -19.3 -20.0 94 0.7 -19.4 260 48 281.1 281.3 273.7 284.4 1.12 19 699 2898 -19.3 -19.7 97 0.4 -19.4 260 48 281.2 281.4 273.8 284.6 1.15 20 697 2919 -19.7 -20.7 92 1.0 -19.9 260 49 281.0 281.2 273.5 284.1 1.05 21 694 2951 -20.1 -23.4 75 3.3 -20.7 261 49 280.9 281.1 273.1 283.4 0.83 22 690 2994 -20.7 -25.2 67 4.5 -21.4 261 50 280.7 280.8 272.8 282.9 0.71 23 689 3005 -20.7 -25.2 67 4.5 -21.4 262 51 280.8 281.0 272.9 283.0 0.72 24 685 3048 -21.1 -35.1 27 14.0 -22.7 262 51 280.9 280.9 272.2 281.7 0.28 25 684 3059 -21.1 -41.1 15 20.0 -23.0 262 52 281.0 281.0 272.0 281.5 0.15 26 676 3146 -21.1 -33.1 33 12.0 -22.6 263 54 281.9 282.0 272.9 283.0 0.35 27 672 3189 -21.3 -36.3 25 15.0 -22.9 264 55 282.2 282.2 272.9 283.0 0.26 28 646 3480 -22.5 -34.5 33 12.0 -23.9 268 61 284.0 284.1 274.0 285.0 0.32 29 637 3583 -22.7 -31.7 44 9.0 -23.9 269 63 284.9 285.0 274.7 286.3 0.42 30 618 3805 -23.9 -36.9 29 13.0 -25.3 271 68 286.0 286.1 275.0 286.9 0.26 31 615 3841 -23.5 -41.5 18 18.0 -25.2 271 69 286.9 286.9 275.3 287.4 0.16 32 598 4046 -23.5 -46.5 10 23.0 -25.4 273 74 289.2 289.2 276.4 289.5 0.10 33 595 4083 -22.7 -48.7 7 26.0 -24.8 273 75 290.5 290.6 277.0 290.8 0.08 34 581 4258 -21.3 -49.3 6 28.0 -23.7 275 80 294.2 294.2 278.8 294.4 0.07 35 554 4608 -23.9 -54.9 4 31.0 -26.0 275 83 295.1 295.1 279.2 295.3 0.04 36 532 4903 -26.3 -50.3 9 24.0 -28.0 275 86 295.7 295.7 279.5 295.9 0.07 37 522 5040 -26.5 -49.5 10 23.0 -28.2 277 85 297.0 297.1 280.1 297.3 0.08 38 500 5350 -29.1 -49.1 13 20.0 -30.4 280 82 297.6 297.6 280.4 297.9 0.09 39 492 5465 -30.1 -48.1 16 18.0 -31.3 280 84 297.7 297.7 280.5 298.1 0.10 40 477 5685 -31.3 -46.3 21 15.0 -32.4 280 88 298.9 298.9 281.0 299.3 0.13 41 431 6396 -35.9 -54.9 12 19.0 -36.8 280 95 301.8 301.8 282.2 302.0 0.05 42 414 6674 -38.1 -53.1 19 15.0 -38.8 280 96 302.5 302.5 282.5 302.7 0.07 43 407 6791 -38.9 -57.9 12 19.0 -39.6 280 96 302.9 302.9 282.6 303.1 0.04 44 400 6910 -39.9 -56.9 15 17.0 -40.5 280 96 303.1 303.1 282.7 303.3 0.04 45 372 7400 -44.1 -59.1 17 15.0 -44.5 277 93 303.9 303.9 283.0 304.1 0.04 46 342 7958 -47.3 -62.3 16 15.0 -47.6 275 91 307.0 307.0 284.2 307.1 0.03 47 339 8016 -47.1 -64.1 13 17.0 -47.4 274 92 308.0 308.0 284.6 308.1 0.02 48 329 8214 -47.1 -62.1 16 15.0 -47.4 270 96 310.7 310.7 285.6 310.8 0.03 49 313 8541 -49.5 -61.5 23 12.0 -49.8 265 103 311.8 311.8 286.0 311.9 0.03 50 310 8604 -48.7 -59.7 27 11.0 -49.0 264 104 313.8 313.8 286.7 313.9 0.04 51 304 8733 -47.9 -68.9 7 21.0 -48.3 262 106 316.6 316.6 287.6 316.7 0.01 52 301 8798 -46.7 -69.7 6 23.0 -47.1 260 107 319.2 319.2 288.5 319.3 0.01 53 300 8820 -46.7 -69.7 6 23.0 -47.1 260 107 319.5 319.5 288.6 319.6 0.01 54 298 8864 -46.7 -69.7 6 23.0 -47.1 259 107 320.1 320.1 288.8 320.2 0.01 55 274 9419 -49.1 -71.1 6 22.0 -49.5 257 113 324.5 324.5 290.1 324.5 0.01 56 250 10020 -49.9 -71.9 6 22.0 -50.3 260 123 331.9 331.9 292.2 331.9 0.01 57 239 10313 -50.1 -73.4 5 23.3 -50.5 260 127 335.9 335.9 293.3 336.0 0.01 58 225 10706 -50.3 -75.3 4 25.0 -50.7 260 123 341.4 341.4 294.7 341.4 0.01 59 200 11470 -51.9 -78.9 3 27.0 -52.3 260 113 350.6 350.6 296.8 350.6 0.00 60 150 13320 -53.5 -83.5 1 30.0 -53.9 270 110 377.9 377.9 301.9 377.9 0.00 61 100 15910 -54.7 -84.7 1 30.0 -55.2 260 106 422.0 422.0 308.0 422.1 0.00 62 85 16936 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -59.7 268 100 432.8 432.8 309.1 432.8 0.00 63 84 17010 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -58.9 268 99 435.9 435.9 309.4 435.9 0.00 64 75 17717 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 275 91 445.6 445.6 310.4 445.7 0.00 65 71 18060 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.3 275 67 461.2 461.2 311.9 461.2 0.00 66 70 18150 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.9 275 61 461.8 461.8 312.0 461.8 0.00 67 63 18817 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.1 268 56 475.5 475.5 313.1 475.5 0.00 68 53 19897 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.7 266 47 488.5 488.5 314.1 488.5 0.00 69 52 20016 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -60.9 268 46 495.8 495.8 314.7 495.8 0.00 70 50 20260 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.8 255 50 499.0 499.0 314.9 499.0 0.00 71 48 20513 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.1 257 42 501.5 501.6 315.1 501.6 0.00 72 45 20912 -61.7 -89.7 1 28.0 -62.2 263 60 513.3 513.3 315.9 513.3 0.00 73 45 20912 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.5 263 60 520.6 520.6 316.4 520.6 0.00 74 44 21053 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.9 264 64 525.4 525.4 316.6 525.4 0.00 75 43 21198 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.1 259 57 528.4 528.4 316.8 528.4 0.00 76 41 21498 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.2 249 51 535.6 535.6 317.3 535.7 0.00 77 39 21815 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -56.3 255 47 551.5 551.5 318.2 551.5 0.01 78 34 22685 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.1 262 31 565.6 565.6 318.9 565.7 0.00 79 34 22685 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.4 262 31 567.7 567.7 319.0 567.8 0.01 80 31 23264 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.9 262 38 572.7 572.7 319.3 572.7 0.00 81 30 23470 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -58.4 275 29 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.00 82 29 23685 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -55.9 275 28 603.0 603.0 320.7 603.0 0.01 83 28 23909 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.9 266 22 605.7 605.7 320.9 605.8 0.01 84 23 25165 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -55.9 262 15 645.5 645.5 322.5 645.5 0.01 85 21 25747 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -57.2 248 15 658.3 658.3 323.0 658.3 0.01 86 20 26060 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.0 270 18 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 87 19 26394 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -53.5 270 18 693.5 693.5 324.2 693.7 0.02 88 18 26746 -51.9 -85.9 1 34.0 -55.1 266 15 698.0 698.0 324.4 698.1 0.01 89 17 27118 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -53.8 285 15 716.0 716.0 324.9 716.1 0.02 90 15 27938 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -53.8 247 13 744.0 744.0 325.8 744.2 0.02 91 14 28389 -50.7 -85.7 1 35.0 -54.9 272 10 754.1 754.1 326.0 754.3 0.02 92 14 28389 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -53.5 272 10 761.6 761.6 326.3 761.8 0.02 93 13 28877 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -54.1 309 6 775.8 775.8 326.6 776.0 0.03 94 12 29405 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -53.1 348 1 801.6 801.6 327.3 801.8 0.03 95 10 30610 -48.1 -84.1 1 36.0 -54.4 10 8 840.0 840.0 328.2 840.3 0.03 96 8.4 31754 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -55.9 338 16 876.7 876.7 329.0 877.0 0.04 97 7.7 32323 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -56.2 322 20 898.8 898.8 329.4 899.1 0.03 98 7.0 32950 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -55.1 305 25 935.2 935.2 330.1 935.7 0.05 99 6.7 33241 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -54.5 954.5 954.5 330.4 955.1 0.06 TRP 313 8541 -49.5 -61.5 23 12.0 -49.8 265 103 311.8 311.8 286.0 311.9 0.03 WND 239 10313 -50.1 -73.4 5 23.3 -50.5 260 127 335.9 335.9 293.3 336.0 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5201.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 57.35 % Est. max temperature: 0.73 C = 33.32 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 948.35 mb = 566.19 m = 1857.54 ft T: -5.03 C 700-500 lapse rate: 3.98 C/km ThetaE index: 0.72 C Layer 700.0- 699.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 921.59 mb = 792.82 m = 2601.09 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.50 g/kg Conv temperature: -1.14 C = 29.94 F Cap Strength: 15.20 C Lifted Index: 15.32 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 28.49 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.82 C Showalter Index: 15.12 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 35.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.80 C Cross Totals Index: 17.80 C K Index: 5.80 Risk: None Sweat Index: 122.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.82 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.87 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.12 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 65723.21 J/kg Cap Strength: 15.31 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 924.54 mb = 767.86 m = 2519.19 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 306 at 42 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 991 215 290 13 12.2 -4.4 | 133 29 -21.3 20.1 1 943 610 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 131 24 -18.0 15.6 2 925 764 310 21 16.1 -13.5 | 122 21 -17.5 11.1 3 907 914 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 123 23 -19.0 12.4 4 872 1219 310 21 16.1 -13.5 | 122 21 -17.5 11.1 5 850 1419 300 20 17.3 -10.0 | 132 22 -16.2 14.6 6 838 1524 290 20 18.8 -6.8 | 140 23 -14.7 17.8 7 805 1829 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 148 19 -10.0 16.0 8 773 2134 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 179 25 -0.5 24.6 9 743 2438 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 196 29 8.3 28.3 10 713 2743 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 203 36 13.7 32.9 11 700 2887 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 203 36 13.7 32.9 12 630 3658 270 65 65.0 -0.0 | 232 40 31.5 24.6 13 580 4267 275 80 79.7 -7.0 | 249 49 46.2 17.6 14 533 4877 275 86 85.7 -7.5 | 252 55 52.1 17.1 15 500 5350 280 82 80.8 -14.2 | 258 48 47.2 10.4 16 449 6096 280 95 93.6 -16.5 | 262 61 60.0 8.1 17 400 6910 280 96 94.5 -16.7 | 263 62 61.0 7.9 18 359 7620 275 92 91.6 -8.0 | 254 60 58.1 16.6 19 343 7925 275 90 89.7 -7.8 | 253 59 56.1 16.8 20 313 8541 265 103 102.6 9.0 | 244 77 69.1 33.6 21 300 8820 260 107 105.4 18.6 | 239 84 71.8 43.2 22 286 9144 255 108 104.3 28.0 | 233 88 70.8 52.5 23 250 10020 260 123 121.1 21.4 | 242 99 87.6 46.0 24 239 10313 260 127 125.1 22.1 | 243 103 91.5 46.6 25 237 10363 260 127 125.1 22.1 | 243 103 91.5 46.6 26 200 11470 260 113 111.3 19.6 | 240 89 77.7 44.2 27 197 11582 260 113 111.3 19.6 | 240 89 77.7 44.2 28 170 12497 260 126 124.1 21.9 | 243 102 90.5 46.5 29 150 13320 270 110 110.0 -0.0 | 252 80 76.5 24.6 30 141 13716 275 99 98.6 -8.6 | 256 67 65.1 16.0 31 122 14630 260 93 91.6 16.1 | 235 71 58.0 40.7 32 111 15240 260 102 100.5 17.7 | 238 79 66.9 42.3 33 100 15910 260 106 104.4 18.4 | 239 83 70.8 43.0 34 96 16154 260 106 104.4 18.4 | 239 83 70.8 43.0 35 75 17678 275 94 93.6 -8.2 | 255 62 60.1 16.4 36 70 18150 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 235 33 27.2 19.3 37 68 18288 280 73 71.9 -12.7 | 253 40 38.4 11.9 38 65 18593 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 225 35 24.5 24.6 39 56 19507 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 207 37 16.7 33.5 40 51 20117 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 205 27 11.5 24.6 41 50 20260 255 50 48.3 12.9 | 201 40 14.8 37.5 42 49 20422 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 185 35 3.2 34.4 43 44 21031 265 65 64.8 5.7 | 226 43 31.2 30.3 44 42 21336 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 204 42 16.7 38.1 45 40 21641 245 50 45.3 21.1 | 194 47 11.8 45.7 46 36 22250 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 195 18 4.9 17.8 47 33 22860 255 28 27.0 7.2 | 168 32 -6.5 31.8 48 30 23470 265 43 42.8 3.7 | 198 30 9.3 28.3 49 30 23470 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 168 23 -4.7 22.1 50 29 23774 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 163 23 -6.6 22.2 51 27 24079 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 148 34 -18.1 28.7 52 26 24384 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 166 28 -6.6 26.9 53 24 24994 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 142 25 -15.2 19.7 54 23 25298 245 12 10.9 5.1 | 143 37 -22.7 29.7 55 21 25603 260 15 14.8 2.6 | 145 33 -18.8 27.2 56 20 25908 235 15 12.3 8.6 | 147 39 -21.3 33.2 57 20 26060 270 18 18.0 -0.0 | 148 29 -15.5 24.6 58 20 26213 270 14 14.0 -0.0 | 142 31 -19.5 24.6 59 19 26518 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 151 28 -13.5 24.6 60 18 26822 265 14 13.9 1.2 | 143 32 -19.6 25.8 61 16 27432 305 16 13.1 -9.2 | 127 26 -20.4 15.4 62 15 27737 250 12 11.3 4.1 | 142 36 -22.3 28.7 63 15 28042 245 13 11.8 5.5 | 144 37 -21.8 30.1 64 12 29566 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 126 42 -33.5 24.6 65 11 30175 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 113 44 -40.6 17.5 66 10 30610 10 8 -1.4 -7.9 | 116 39 -34.9 16.7 67 7 32950 305 25 20.5 -14.3 | 128 17 -13.1 10.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 276.3 at 55.5 knts Storm direction: 306.3 at 41.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.8 neg: 6.4 tot: 9.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 82.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 280.0 neg: -27.6 tot: 252.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 84.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.57 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.8 stream: 6.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 220.00 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 298 16 132 26| 8.7 0.0 8.7| 0.0 -19.7 -19.7 -39.5 -0.36| 9.0 -3.2 1000 305 18 128 23| 5.1 0.0 5.1| 0.9 -27.6 -26.6 -26.6 -0.33| 6.8 -2.2 1500 302 19 130 23| 3.4 2.7 6.1| 49.4 -27.6 21.8 14.5 0.17| 8.0 1.4 2000 294 22 139 21| 2.5 6.2 8.7|130.6 -27.6 103.0 51.5 0.46| 10.4 4.8 2500 284 26 155 20| 2.0 7.7 9.7|200.0 -27.6 172.4 68.9 0.51| 11.1 5.7 3000 277 30 169 21| 2.8 6.4 9.3|280.0 -27.6 252.4 84.1 0.57| 10.8 6.2 4000 274 39 195 22| 5.5 4.8 10.3|533.7 -27.6 506.1 126.5 0.66| 11.5 7.6 5000 275 48 216 25| 5.0 3.8 8.9|634.2 -27.6 606.6 121.3 0.65| 10.5 6.8 6000 276 55 229 28| 4.7 3.6 8.3|717.4 -27.6 689.8 115.0 0.62| 10.0 6.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251208.00.gif