UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 7 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 7 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 139 SFC 990 215 -1.3 -4.5 79 3.2 -2.4 270 4 272.6 273.1 271.2 280.2 2.76 2 973 354 -2.3 -6.4 73 4.1 -3.7 268 7 273.0 273.4 270.9 279.7 2.43 3 925 756 -5.5 -7.1 88 1.6 -6.0 245 11 273.7 274.1 271.4 280.4 2.42 4 910 884 -6.5 -7.6 92 1.1 -6.8 237 13 273.9 274.3 271.4 280.5 2.37 5 888 1075 -7.7 -7.7 100 0.0 -7.7 232 14 274.6 275.0 271.9 281.3 2.41 6 851 1405 -9.3 -9.3 100 0.0 -9.3 225 18 276.3 276.7 272.6 282.5 2.22 7 850 1414 -9.5 -9.5 100 0.0 -9.5 225 18 276.2 276.6 272.5 282.3 2.18 8 775 2122 -13.9 -14.2 98 0.3 -14.0 250 33 278.9 279.1 273.2 283.6 1.64 9 767 2200 -14.5 -15.1 95 0.6 -14.6 252 36 279.0 279.3 273.2 283.5 1.54 10 766 2210 -13.9 -16.2 83 2.3 -14.5 253 36 279.8 280.0 273.4 283.9 1.41 11 765 2220 -12.9 -18.9 61 6.0 -14.3 253 37 281.0 281.2 273.6 284.3 1.12 12 764 2230 -12.3 -25.3 33 13.0 -14.7 253 37 281.7 281.8 273.3 283.7 0.64 13 763 2240 -11.9 -26.9 28 15.0 -14.6 253 38 282.3 282.4 273.4 284.0 0.55 14 762 2250 -11.7 -26.7 28 15.0 -14.5 254 38 282.6 282.7 273.6 284.3 0.56 15 758 2290 -11.7 -27.7 25 16.0 -14.6 255 40 283.0 283.1 273.8 284.6 0.52 16 746 2413 -11.5 -25.5 30 14.0 -14.2 259 45 284.5 284.6 274.8 286.5 0.64 17 731 2568 -11.9 -23.9 36 12.0 -14.3 260 46 285.7 285.9 275.7 288.1 0.76 18 728 2600 -12.1 -25.1 33 13.0 -14.7 260 46 285.9 286.0 275.6 288.0 0.68 19 727 2610 -12.1 -23.1 39 11.0 -14.4 260 46 286.0 286.1 275.9 288.5 0.82 20 719 2695 -12.7 -26.7 30 14.0 -15.3 260 46 286.2 286.3 275.7 288.1 0.60 21 711 2780 -13.1 -26.1 33 13.0 -15.6 260 47 286.7 286.8 276.0 288.7 0.64 22 708 2812 -12.9 -22.9 43 10.0 -15.0 260 48 287.3 287.4 276.6 289.9 0.86 23 702 2877 -13.1 -25.1 36 12.0 -15.4 260 49 287.7 287.9 276.6 290.0 0.71 24 700 2899 -13.3 -26.3 33 13.0 -15.7 260 50 287.8 287.9 276.5 289.8 0.64 25 698 2921 -13.5 -26.5 33 13.0 -15.9 260 50 287.8 287.9 276.5 289.7 0.63 26 691 2997 -14.1 -25.1 39 11.0 -16.2 259 49 287.9 288.1 276.7 290.2 0.72 27 676 3163 -14.9 -31.9 22 17.0 -17.6 258 49 288.9 288.9 276.7 290.1 0.39 28 665 3287 -15.9 -29.9 29 14.0 -18.2 258 48 289.1 289.2 277.0 290.6 0.48 29 663 3309 -16.1 -24.1 50 8.0 -17.7 257 48 289.1 289.3 277.5 291.7 0.82 30 648 3481 -17.3 -20.8 74 3.5 -18.1 256 47 289.7 289.8 278.2 293.1 1.12 31 636 3620 -18.1 -21.9 72 3.8 -18.9 255 46 290.3 290.5 278.4 293.5 1.04 32 627 3727 -17.7 -21.4 73 3.7 -18.5 255 46 291.9 292.1 279.3 295.4 1.10 33 614 3883 -17.7 -21.4 73 3.7 -18.5 257 48 293.7 293.9 280.1 297.2 1.13 34 601 4042 -19.1 -23.4 69 4.3 -20.0 258 49 293.9 294.0 280.0 296.9 0.96 35 531 4949 -26.3 -28.6 81 2.3 -26.6 260 56 295.8 296.0 280.5 298.0 0.68 36 500 5380 -29.9 -32.8 76 2.9 -30.2 260 56 296.6 296.7 280.6 298.2 0.48 37 492 5495 -31.1 -33.9 76 2.8 -31.4 259 57 296.5 296.6 280.4 297.9 0.44 38 443 6235 -36.5 -39.5 74 3.0 -36.7 255 62 298.7 298.8 281.2 299.7 0.28 39 432 6410 -37.1 -39.8 76 2.7 -37.3 255 62 300.1 300.1 281.8 301.0 0.28 40 431 6426 -37.3 -40.6 71 3.3 -37.5 255 62 300.0 300.1 281.7 300.9 0.26 41 414 6704 -39.3 -42.9 69 3.6 -39.5 258 69 300.9 301.0 282.0 301.7 0.21 42 402 6906 -41.1 -44.1 73 3.0 -41.3 260 74 301.1 301.2 282.1 301.8 0.19 43 400 6940 -41.3 -44.7 70 3.4 -41.5 260 75 301.3 301.3 282.1 301.9 0.18 44 392 7077 -42.3 -46.3 65 4.0 -42.5 261 76 301.8 301.8 282.3 302.3 0.15 45 388 7146 -43.1 -46.1 72 3.0 -43.2 261 76 301.6 301.6 282.3 302.1 0.16 46 373 7410 -45.5 -49.8 62 4.3 -45.7 263 78 301.8 301.8 282.3 302.2 0.11 47 363 7590 -47.1 -50.7 66 3.6 -47.2 265 80 302.0 302.1 282.4 302.4 0.10 48 357 7700 -47.9 -51.2 69 3.3 -48.0 265 81 302.4 302.4 282.5 302.8 0.10 49 350 7830 -48.9 -53.0 62 4.1 -49.0 264 83 302.8 302.8 282.6 303.1 0.08 50 342 7982 -50.3 -53.0 73 2.7 -50.4 263 86 302.9 302.9 282.7 303.2 0.08 51 331 8194 -51.5 -57.5 49 6.0 -51.6 262 90 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.3 0.05 52 328 8253 -51.3 -57.3 49 6.0 -51.4 262 91 305.2 305.2 283.5 305.3 0.05 53 327 8273 -51.3 -56.3 55 5.0 -51.4 261 91 305.4 305.4 283.7 305.6 0.06 54 323 8353 -51.7 -54.0 76 2.3 -51.8 261 93 305.9 306.0 283.9 306.2 0.08 55 320 8413 -51.7 -55.8 61 4.1 -51.8 261 94 306.8 306.8 284.2 307.0 0.06 56 300 8830 -53.5 -58.5 54 5.0 -53.6 265 86 309.9 309.9 285.4 310.1 0.05 57 296 8916 -54.1 -60.1 48 6.0 -54.2 265 85 310.3 310.3 285.5 310.4 0.04 58 250 10000 -52.1 -71.1 8 19.0 -52.4 260 111 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.01 59 200 11460 -51.5 -73.5 6 22.0 -51.9 260 110 351.2 351.2 296.9 351.3 0.01 60 196 11591 -51.5 -73.5 6 22.0 -51.9 260 112 353.2 353.2 297.3 353.3 0.01 61 150 13320 -51.7 -73.7 5 22.0 -52.2 265 107 381.0 381.0 302.4 381.0 0.01 62 100 15940 -55.9 -77.9 5 22.0 -56.3 260 84 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.8 0.01 63 97 16133 -55.3 -78.3 4 23.0 -55.8 260 84 424.6 424.6 308.2 424.6 0.01 64 81 17268 -59.1 -80.1 5 21.0 -59.5 263 71 439.2 439.2 309.8 439.3 0.01 65 79 17424 -58.7 -80.7 4 22.0 -59.1 263 69 443.2 443.2 310.2 443.2 0.01 66 70 18180 -59.1 -81.1 4 22.0 -59.6 265 60 457.9 458.0 311.6 458.0 0.01 67 58 19354 -61.1 -83.1 4 22.0 -61.5 265 70 478.7 478.7 313.4 478.8 0.01 68 55 19685 -59.3 -82.3 4 23.0 -59.9 268 65 490.2 490.2 314.2 490.2 0.01 69 50 20280 -61.1 -83.1 4 22.0 -61.6 260 63 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.01 70 49 20405 -61.3 -83.3 4 22.0 -61.8 260 61 501.9 501.9 315.1 502.0 0.01 71 48 20534 -59.1 -84.1 3 25.0 -59.7 260 58 510.1 510.1 315.7 510.2 0.01 72 46 20801 -59.3 -82.3 4 23.0 -60.0 260 53 515.9 515.9 316.1 516.0 0.01 73 42 21375 -56.5 -79.5 4 23.0 -57.5 276 50 536.4 536.4 317.3 536.5 0.02 74 38 22009 -57.1 -80.1 4 23.0 -58.1 274 31 550.5 550.5 318.1 550.6 0.02 75 35 22526 -60.3 -83.3 3 23.0 -61.0 266 20 555.2 555.2 318.4 555.3 0.01 76 32 23086 -58.9 -82.9 3 24.0 -59.9 256 26 573.4 573.4 319.3 573.5 0.01 77 31 23285 -60.7 -83.7 3 23.0 -61.5 257 30 573.8 573.8 319.3 573.8 0.01 78 30 23490 -58.7 -82.7 3 24.0 -59.7 275 34 584.6 584.6 319.9 584.7 0.01 79 29 23703 -56.7 -81.7 3 25.0 -58.0 271 35 595.8 595.8 320.4 595.9 0.02 80 28 23925 -56.3 -81.3 3 25.0 -57.8 281 30 602.9 602.9 320.7 603.1 0.02 81 27 24157 -54.3 -80.3 3 26.0 -56.1 298 22 614.9 614.9 321.3 615.0 0.02 82 24 24905 -56.9 -81.9 3 25.0 -58.5 245 15 628.4 628.4 321.9 628.5 0.02 83 23 25176 -54.3 -81.3 2 27.0 -56.4 261 17 643.7 643.7 322.4 643.9 0.02 84 22 25460 -54.9 -80.9 3 26.0 -56.9 258 12 650.2 650.2 322.7 650.4 0.03 85 20 26070 -53.3 -78.3 3 25.0 -55.8 295 7 673.0 673.0 323.6 673.4 0.04 86 12 29417 -45.7 -75.7 2 30.0 -52.2 74 12 805.8 805.9 327.4 806.9 0.11 87 12 29417 -45.7 -75.7 2 30.0 -52.2 74 12 805.8 805.9 327.4 806.9 0.11 88 10 30620 -50.1 -79.1 2 29.0 -55.5 85 16 832.5 832.6 328.0 833.3 0.08 89 8.8 31454 -50.5 -80.5 2 30.0 -56.2 862.0 862.0 328.7 862.7 0.07 90 7.2 32780 -44.9 -79.9 1 35.0 -54.0 935.9 935.9 330.1 936.9 0.09 TRP 296 8916 -54.1 -60.1 48 6.0 -54.2 265 85 310.3 310.3 285.5 310.4 0.04 WND 196 11591 -51.5 -73.5 6 22.0 -51.9 260 112 353.2 353.2 297.3 353.3 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5241.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.30 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 72.25 % Est. max temperature: 2.59 C = 36.67 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 941.53 mb = 615.21 m = 2018.38 ft T: -4.38 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.69 C/km ThetaE index: 0.61 C Layer 764.0- 763.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 891.78 mb = 1041.69 m = 3417.58 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.44 g/kg Conv temperature: 0.57 C = 33.02 F Cap Strength: 13.61 C Lifted Index: 13.85 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.07 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.18 C Showalter Index: 12.21 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 40.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.40 C Cross Totals Index: 20.40 C K Index: -2.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 188.70 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.34 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 6.16 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.51 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 63746.83 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.79 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 905.39 mb = 923.62 m = 3030.22 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 286 at 31 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 270 4 4.0 -0.0 | 109 27 -25.5 8.5 1 942 610 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 119 20 -17.6 9.6 2 925 756 245 11 10.0 4.6 | 124 24 -19.5 13.2 3 906 914 235 13 10.6 7.5 | 130 25 -18.9 16.0 4 872 1219 230 14 10.7 9.0 | 133 26 -18.8 17.5 5 850 1414 225 18 12.7 12.7 | 142 27 -16.8 21.3 6 838 1524 225 18 12.7 12.7 | 142 27 -16.8 21.3 7 805 1829 240 26 22.5 13.0 | 162 23 -7.0 21.5 8 774 2134 250 33 31.0 11.3 | 184 20 1.5 19.8 9 743 2438 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 224 23 15.8 16.5 10 714 2743 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 224 23 15.8 16.5 11 700 2899 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 229 26 19.7 17.2 12 632 3658 255 46 44.4 11.9 | 216 25 14.9 20.4 13 581 4267 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 230 27 20.7 17.4 14 535 4877 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 234 31 24.7 18.1 15 514 5182 260 61 60.1 10.6 | 238 36 30.6 19.1 16 500 5380 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 235 31 25.6 18.3 17 451 6096 255 62 59.9 16.0 | 231 39 30.4 24.6 18 432 6401 255 62 59.9 16.0 | 231 39 30.4 24.6 19 400 6940 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 244 49 44.4 21.6 20 361 7620 265 80 79.7 7.0 | 253 53 50.2 15.5 21 314 8534 260 96 94.5 16.7 | 249 70 65.0 25.2 22 300 8830 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 254 58 56.2 16.0 23 296 8916 265 85 84.7 7.4 | 254 57 55.2 15.9 24 286 9144 260 86 84.7 14.9 | 247 60 55.2 23.5 25 260 9754 260 108 106.4 18.8 | 250 82 76.8 27.3 26 250 10000 260 111 109.3 19.3 | 251 85 79.8 27.8 27 200 11460 260 110 108.3 19.1 | 251 84 78.8 27.6 28 196 11591 260 112 110.3 19.4 | 251 85 80.8 28.0 29 187 11887 260 112 110.3 19.4 | 251 85 80.8 28.0 30 150 13320 265 107 106.6 9.3 | 257 79 77.1 17.9 31 122 14630 260 98 96.5 17.0 | 249 72 67.0 25.6 32 111 15240 270 75 75.0 -0.0 | 259 46 45.5 8.5 33 106 15545 265 70 69.7 6.1 | 250 43 40.2 14.6 34 100 15940 260 84 82.7 14.6 | 247 58 53.2 23.1 35 97 16154 260 84 82.7 14.6 | 247 58 53.2 23.1 36 70 18180 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 246 33 30.3 13.8 37 69 18288 265 67 66.7 5.8 | 249 40 37.2 14.4 38 66 18593 255 55 53.1 14.2 | 226 33 23.6 22.8 39 59 19202 260 73 71.9 12.7 | 243 47 42.4 21.2 40 57 19507 270 66 66.0 -0.0 | 257 37 36.5 8.5 41 50 20280 260 63 62.0 10.9 | 239 38 32.5 19.5 42 44 21031 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 228 25 18.7 17.0 43 42 21336 275 52 51.8 -4.5 | 260 23 22.3 4.0 44 40 21641 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 259 9 8.9 1.8 45 38 21946 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 218 7 4.4 5.6 46 37 22250 270 17 17.0 -0.0 | 124 15 -12.5 8.5 47 32 23165 255 27 26.1 7.0 | 168 16 -3.4 15.5 48 30 23470 260 35 34.5 6.1 | 199 15 5.0 14.6 49 30 23490 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 218 7 4.4 5.6 50 29 23774 270 35 35.0 -0.0 | 213 10 5.5 8.5 51 26 24384 315 14 9.9 -9.9 | 86 20 -19.6 -1.4 52 25 24689 285 3 2.9 -0.8 | 106 28 -26.6 7.8 53 24 24994 230 19 14.6 12.2 | 144 26 -15.0 20.7 54 23 25298 280 15 14.8 -2.6 | 112 16 -14.7 5.9 55 22 25603 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 123 25 -20.9 13.5 56 21 25908 230 10 7.7 6.4 | 124 26 -21.8 15.0 57 20 26070 295 7 6.3 -3.0 | 104 24 -23.2 5.6 58 20 26213 250 11 10.3 3.8 | 123 23 -19.2 12.3 59 19 26518 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 118 22 -19.7 10.3 60 16 27432 200 6 2.1 5.6 | 117 31 -27.5 14.2 61 16 27737 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 106 31 -29.5 8.5 62 13 28956 85 10 -10.0 -0.9 | 101 40 -39.5 7.7 63 12 29566 70 13 -12.2 -4.4 | 96 42 -41.7 4.1 64 11 29870 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 111 40 -37.7 14.3 65 10 30620 85 16 -15.9 -1.4 | 99 46 -45.4 7.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 256.1 at 41.0 knts Storm direction: 286.1 at 30.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.9 neg: 2.4 tot: 8.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 115.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 285.1 neg: -15.7 tot: 269.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 89.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.75 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.3 stream: 7.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 138.02 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 264 9 114 23| 0.0 7.8 7.8| 33.8 0.0 33.8 67.7 0.52| 11.2 5.9 1000 247 11 123 23| 0.0 5.8 5.8| 60.6 0.0 60.6 60.6 0.61| 8.3 5.1 1500 238 13 131 24| 3.1 3.8 7.0|125.4 0.0 125.4 83.6 0.73| 9.1 6.6 2000 241 17 140 22| 6.2 2.9 9.1|212.8 0.0 212.8 106.4 0.81| 11.0 8.9 2500 248 23 154 19| 7.1 2.3 9.4|271.6 0.0 271.6 108.6 0.84| 11.1 9.3 3000 252 27 167 17| 5.9 2.4 8.3|285.1 -15.7 269.5 89.8 0.75| 10.3 7.7 4000 254 32 185 18| 5.1 1.8 6.9|322.8 -35.9 286.8 71.7 0.69| 8.8 6.1 5000 256 37 200 19| 4.4 1.9 6.3|359.5 -35.9 323.5 64.7 0.67| 8.1 5.4 6000 256 41 209 21| 3.7 2.0 5.7|359.5 -71.3 288.2 48.0 0.54| 7.7 4.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251207.12.gif