UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120612.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 6 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 6 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 73 SFC 982 215 -2.5 -6.0 77 3.5 -3.7 195 13 272.1 272.5 270.4 278.9 2.48 2 971 305 -3.3 -7.3 74 4.0 -4.6 201 17 272.1 272.5 270.1 278.4 2.27 3 960 395 -3.7 -8.3 70 4.6 -5.2 206 20 272.6 273.0 270.2 278.5 2.12 4 936 596 -5.1 -11.1 63 6.0 -6.8 219 28 273.2 273.5 269.9 278.1 1.75 5 925 689 -5.5 -10.1 70 4.6 -6.9 230 28 273.7 274.0 270.5 279.0 1.91 6 910 817 -6.1 -9.7 76 3.6 -7.2 236 31 274.4 274.7 271.1 280.0 2.01 7 906 852 -6.1 -10.4 72 4.3 -7.4 237 32 274.7 275.0 271.2 280.1 1.91 8 905 860 -6.1 -11.0 68 4.9 -7.5 238 33 274.8 275.1 271.1 279.9 1.82 9 900 904 -3.9 -21.9 23 18.0 -8.0 240 34 277.5 277.6 270.9 279.7 0.73 10 897 930 -3.5 -25.5 16 22.0 -8.1 240 34 278.2 278.3 271.0 279.8 0.53 11 889 1001 -3.9 -22.9 21 19.0 -8.2 240 35 278.5 278.6 271.4 280.5 0.68 12 885 1036 -4.1 -13.1 50 9.0 -6.7 240 35 278.6 278.9 273.0 283.1 1.57 13 878 1099 -4.1 -8.1 74 4.0 -5.4 240 35 279.3 279.7 274.5 285.9 2.36 14 873 1144 -4.1 -7.0 80 2.9 -5.1 240 36 279.7 280.1 275.1 287.0 2.59 15 866 1207 -4.3 -8.3 74 4.0 -5.7 240 36 280.1 280.5 275.0 286.8 2.36 16 855 1308 -4.9 -9.1 72 4.2 -6.3 237 37 280.5 280.9 275.0 286.9 2.24 17 850 1354 -5.3 -9.0 75 3.7 -6.5 235 37 280.6 281.0 275.1 287.1 2.27 18 832 1522 -6.5 -8.1 88 1.6 -7.0 238 37 281.1 281.5 275.7 288.1 2.49 19 827 1569 -6.5 -10.0 76 3.5 -7.6 239 37 281.5 281.9 275.5 287.7 2.16 20 817 1664 -7.1 -9.6 82 2.5 -7.9 241 36 281.9 282.3 275.8 288.4 2.26 21 809 1740 -7.5 -11.1 75 3.6 -8.6 243 36 282.3 282.6 275.7 288.1 2.02 22 807 1760 -7.5 -10.3 80 2.8 -8.4 243 36 282.5 282.8 276.0 288.7 2.16 23 806 1769 -7.3 -8.4 92 1.1 -7.7 244 36 282.8 283.2 276.6 290.0 2.51 24 790 1926 -7.1 -9.9 80 2.8 -8.0 248 36 284.6 285.0 277.3 291.2 2.28 25 768 2145 -8.3 -11.6 77 3.3 -9.3 255 37 285.6 286.0 277.4 291.6 2.05 26 724 2601 -11.3 -12.5 91 1.2 -11.6 260 38 287.2 287.5 278.2 293.1 2.02 27 704 2815 -12.3 -14.3 85 2.0 -12.9 263 39 288.4 288.7 278.5 293.7 1.79 28 700 2859 -12.5 -15.4 79 2.9 -13.3 265 40 288.6 288.9 278.4 293.6 1.65 29 695 2914 -12.7 -17.2 69 4.5 -13.9 265 40 289.0 289.3 278.3 293.3 1.43 30 645 3478 -18.3 -18.4 99 0.1 -18.3 265 38 288.9 289.1 278.2 293.1 1.39 31 634 3606 -19.3 -19.4 99 0.1 -19.3 265 37 289.2 289.4 278.2 293.1 1.30 32 617 3808 -20.9 -21.0 99 0.1 -20.9 263 37 289.6 289.8 278.2 293.2 1.16 33 613 3856 -21.3 -21.9 95 0.6 -21.4 262 36 289.7 289.9 278.2 293.0 1.08 34 611 3880 -20.1 -25.0 65 4.9 -21.0 262 36 291.3 291.5 278.6 293.9 0.82 35 596 4064 -21.7 -24.9 75 3.2 -22.2 259 36 291.6 291.7 278.7 294.2 0.85 36 583 4226 -22.9 -26.6 72 3.7 -23.5 256 35 292.0 292.1 278.8 294.4 0.74 37 574 4340 -23.1 -30.1 53 7.0 -24.1 256 36 293.1 293.2 279.0 294.8 0.55 38 565 4456 -23.9 -30.9 52 7.0 -24.9 258 38 293.5 293.6 279.1 295.1 0.51 39 541 4772 -25.5 -36.5 35 11.0 -26.8 263 42 295.2 295.3 279.7 296.3 0.31 40 539 4799 -25.5 -36.5 35 11.0 -26.8 264 43 295.5 295.6 279.8 296.6 0.31 41 532 4894 -26.3 -38.3 31 12.0 -27.5 265 44 295.7 295.7 279.8 296.6 0.26 42 528 4949 -26.7 -37.7 35 11.0 -27.9 265 45 295.8 295.9 279.9 296.8 0.28 43 524 5003 -27.1 -40.1 28 13.0 -28.3 265 47 296.0 296.0 279.9 296.8 0.22 44 519 5073 -27.7 -38.7 34 11.0 -28.8 265 48 296.1 296.1 280.0 297.0 0.26 45 502 5311 -29.3 -43.3 25 14.0 -30.4 265 54 297.0 297.0 280.3 297.5 0.17 46 500 5340 -29.5 -42.5 27 13.0 -30.6 265 55 297.1 297.1 280.3 297.7 0.18 47 447 6127 -35.3 -47.3 28 12.0 -36.0 260 72 299.4 299.5 281.3 299.9 0.12 48 433 6347 -36.9 -45.9 39 9.0 -37.4 260 79 300.1 300.2 281.6 300.7 0.14 49 429 6410 -37.5 -46.5 39 9.0 -38.0 260 81 300.2 300.2 281.6 300.7 0.14 50 427 6443 -37.7 -46.7 38 9.0 -38.2 260 82 300.3 300.4 281.7 300.8 0.13 51 415 6638 -38.3 -53.3 19 15.0 -38.9 260 89 302.0 302.0 282.3 302.3 0.06 52 412 6688 -38.5 -53.5 19 15.0 -39.1 260 90 302.4 302.4 282.4 302.6 0.06 53 408 6755 -38.5 -50.5 27 12.0 -39.1 260 92 303.2 303.2 282.8 303.6 0.09 54 400 6890 -38.9 -51.9 24 13.0 -39.5 260 97 304.4 304.4 283.3 304.7 0.08 55 393 7011 -39.1 -56.1 15 17.0 -39.8 259 99 305.7 305.7 283.7 305.9 0.05 56 300 8830 -46.3 -69.3 6 23.0 -46.8 255 87 320.1 320.1 288.8 320.1 0.01 57 266 9624 -49.3 -71.3 6 22.0 -49.7 255 91 326.9 326.9 290.9 327.0 0.01 58 250 10030 -49.5 -74.5 4 25.0 -49.9 255 105 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.5 0.01 59 236 10409 -49.2 -75.8 3 26.5 -49.7 260 114 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.4 0.01 60 200 11500 -48.5 -79.5 2 31.0 -49.1 260 108 356.0 356.0 297.9 356.0 0.00 61 150 13380 -51.7 -82.7 1 31.0 -52.2 265 96 381.0 381.0 302.4 381.0 0.00 62 100 15960 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -57.5 265 94 417.4 417.4 307.4 417.4 0.00 63 96 16219 -56.5 -85.5 1 29.0 -57.0 265 93 423.5 423.5 308.1 423.5 0.00 64 90 16626 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -58.9 268 85 427.4 427.4 308.6 427.4 0.00 65 81 17292 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.2 268 71 444.2 444.2 310.3 444.2 0.00 66 70 18210 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.3 265 60 456.2 456.2 311.4 456.2 0.00 67 57 19486 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.5 284 62 478.9 478.9 313.4 478.9 0.00 68 56 19596 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 285 60 484.5 484.5 313.8 484.5 0.00 69 52 20056 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 269 41 492.5 492.5 314.4 492.5 0.00 70 50 20300 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.7 270 43 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.2 0.00 71 47 20687 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.1 272 38 509.9 509.9 315.7 509.9 0.00 72 45 20958 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.1 278 32 516.2 516.2 316.1 516.2 0.00 73 41 21544 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.5 278 23 540.1 540.1 317.5 540.2 0.00 74 38 22022 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.4 237 13 541.3 541.3 317.6 541.3 0.00 75 36 22360 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.3 245 14 552.8 552.8 318.2 552.9 0.00 76 35 22535 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.1 268 15 552.1 552.1 318.2 552.1 0.00 77 33 22905 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.6 279 25 575.3 575.3 319.4 575.3 0.01 78 32 23100 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.6 295 23 577.1 577.1 319.5 577.2 0.00 79 31 23301 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.3 295 21 586.7 586.7 320.0 586.8 0.01 80 30 23510 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.3 265 16 592.2 592.2 320.3 592.3 0.01 81 27 24180 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.8 295 17 605.9 605.9 320.9 605.9 0.01 82 24 24932 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -56.3 285 9 635.9 635.9 322.2 636.0 0.01 83 23 25204 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.7 279 8 639.0 639.0 322.3 639.1 0.01 84 22 25489 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.5 273 7 651.9 652.0 322.7 652.0 0.01 85 21 25787 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -57.2 267 6 658.3 658.3 323.0 658.3 0.01 86 20 26100 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.6 260 5 670.0 670.0 323.4 670.0 0.01 87 17 27146 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -55.9 92 2 706.3 706.3 324.6 706.4 0.01 88 16 27538 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.5 129 11 721.3 721.3 325.1 721.4 0.01 89 15 27954 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -56.8 94 10 729.4 729.4 325.3 729.5 0.01 90 14 28400 -50.9 -85.9 1 35.0 -55.1 41 12 753.4 753.4 326.0 753.6 0.02 91 12 29418 -44.9 -82.9 1 38.0 -52.0 54 31 808.7 808.7 327.4 809.0 0.03 92 11 30001 -43.7 -82.7 1 39.0 -51.7 74 30 833.4 833.4 328.0 833.8 0.04 93 10 30640 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -52.8 70 34 851.2 851.2 328.4 851.6 0.04 94 8.4 31805 -43.3 -83.3 0 40.0 -52.6 90 24 901.8 901.8 329.5 902.2 0.05 95 8.1 32050 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -51.9 94 22 919.1 919.2 329.8 919.7 0.06 96 7.5 32567 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -53.7 102 17 926.6 926.7 329.9 927.1 0.05 97 7.0 33030 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -53.2 110 13 952.5 952.6 330.4 953.2 0.06 98 6.6 33428 -41.7 -82.7 0 41.0 -53.0 972.9 972.9 330.7 973.6 0.06 TRP 266 9624 -49.3 -71.3 6 22.0 -49.7 255 91 326.9 326.9 290.9 327.0 0.01 WND 236 10409 -49.2 -75.8 3 26.5 -49.7 260 114 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.4 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5267.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.31 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 69.63 % Est. max temperature: 6.45 C = 43.60 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 929.38 mb = 651.74 m = 2138.22 ft T: -5.34 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.85 C/km ThetaE index: 0.48 C Layer 971.0- 960.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 674.49 mb = 3140.10 m = 10302.05 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.78 g/kg Conv temperature: 14.34 C = 57.81 F Cap Strength: 14.95 C Lifted Index: 15.01 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 28.97 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.74 C Showalter Index: 8.92 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 44.70 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.20 C Cross Totals Index: 20.50 C K Index: 12.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 216.50 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.24 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 27.02 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.35 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 78218.06 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.74 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 839.41 mb = 1452.22 m = 4764.44 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 286 at 31 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 982 215 195 13 3.4 12.6 | 129 33 -26.0 21.0 1 934 610 220 29 18.6 22.2 | 161 32 -10.8 30.7 2 925 689 230 28 21.4 18.0 | 163 28 -8.0 26.4 3 899 914 240 34 29.4 17.0 | 180 25 0.0 25.4 4 865 1219 240 36 31.2 18.0 | 184 27 1.8 26.4 5 850 1354 235 37 30.3 21.2 | 182 30 0.9 29.7 6 799 1829 245 36 32.6 15.2 | 188 24 3.2 23.7 7 769 2134 255 37 35.7 9.6 | 199 19 6.3 18.0 8 739 2438 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 208 17 8.0 15.0 9 711 2743 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 208 17 8.0 15.0 10 700 2859 265 40 39.8 3.5 | 221 16 10.4 11.9 11 628 3658 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 213 14 7.5 11.7 12 578 4267 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 194 18 4.4 17.5 13 532 4877 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 230 19 14.4 12.3 14 500 5340 265 55 54.8 4.8 | 242 29 25.4 13.2 15 469 5791 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 236 33 27.7 18.5 16 448 6096 260 71 69.9 12.3 | 243 46 40.5 20.8 17 400 6890 260 97 95.5 16.8 | 249 71 66.1 25.3 18 359 7620 255 111 107.2 28.7 | 244 86 77.8 37.2 19 300 8830 255 87 84.0 22.5 | 240 63 54.6 31.0 20 300 8839 260 86 84.7 14.9 | 247 60 55.3 23.4 21 286 9144 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 241 67 58.5 32.0 22 266 9624 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 241 67 58.5 32.0 23 261 9754 255 91 87.9 23.6 | 241 67 58.5 32.0 24 250 10030 255 105 101.4 27.2 | 244 80 72.0 35.6 25 236 10409 260 114 112.3 19.8 | 251 88 82.9 28.2 26 227 10668 260 114 112.3 19.8 | 251 88 82.9 28.2 27 200 11500 260 108 106.4 18.8 | 251 82 77.0 27.2 28 150 13380 265 96 95.6 8.4 | 256 68 66.2 16.8 29 129 14326 260 93 91.6 16.1 | 248 67 62.2 24.6 30 112 15240 265 107 106.6 9.3 | 257 79 77.2 17.8 31 100 15960 265 94 93.6 8.2 | 255 66 64.2 16.6 32 97 16154 265 94 93.6 8.2 | 255 66 64.2 16.6 33 84 17069 270 76 76.0 -0.0 | 260 47 46.6 8.4 34 73 17983 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 233 30 23.8 17.8 35 70 18210 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 246 33 30.4 13.7 36 69 18288 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 227 34 24.7 22.9 37 63 18898 280 58 57.1 -10.1 | 273 28 27.7 -1.6 38 60 19202 270 57 57.0 -0.0 | 253 29 27.6 8.4 39 57 19507 285 62 59.9 -16.0 | 284 31 30.5 -7.6 40 54 19812 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 284 23 22.8 -5.5 41 51 20117 265 38 37.9 3.3 | 216 14 8.5 11.8 42 50 20300 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 238 16 13.6 8.4 43 49 20422 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 231 20 15.4 12.4 44 45 21031 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 183 3 0.1 3.2 45 42 21336 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 158 7 -2.5 6.1 46 40 21641 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 119 10 -8.7 4.8 47 38 21946 240 12 10.4 6.0 | 127 24 -19.0 14.4 48 37 22250 230 14 10.7 9.0 | 133 26 -18.7 17.4 49 35 22555 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 120 17 -14.4 8.4 50 33 22860 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 150 7 -3.5 6.2 51 32 23165 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 76 11 -10.3 -2.6 52 30 23470 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 100 12 -11.5 1.9 53 30 23510 265 16 15.9 1.4 | 126 17 -13.5 9.8 54 29 23774 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 132 19 -13.9 12.6 55 26 24384 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 78 18 -17.4 -3.6 56 25 24689 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 104 21 -20.0 5.0 57 20 26100 260 5 4.9 0.9 | 111 26 -24.5 9.3 58 17 27127 90 1 -1.0 0.0 | 106 32 -30.4 8.4 59 16 27432 110 11 -10.3 3.8 | 107 42 -39.7 12.2 60 16 27737 155 11 -4.6 10.0 | 118 39 -34.1 18.4 61 15 28042 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 100 40 -39.3 6.7 62 14 28346 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 91 36 -35.8 0.8 63 13 28956 45 21 -14.8 -14.8 | 82 45 -44.3 -6.4 64 12 29261 45 32 -22.6 -22.6 | 75 54 -52.0 -14.2 65 11 29870 75 29 -28.0 -7.5 | 91 57 -57.4 0.9 66 10 30640 70 34 -31.9 -11.6 | 87 61 -61.4 -3.2 67 7 33030 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 107 44 -41.6 12.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 256.0 at 40.8 knts Storm direction: 286.0 at 30.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.2 neg: 0.0 tot: 6.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 88.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 310.0 neg: -8.3 tot: 301.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 100.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.73 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.6 stream: 7.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.05 Bulk Rich Number: 0.27 Bulk Shear: 100.76 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 216 23 149 31| 20.3 0.0 20.3|179.5 0.0 179.5 359.1 0.87| 24.6 21.3 1000 230 28 163 28| 14.6 0.0 14.6|239.2 0.0 239.2 239.2 0.89| 17.0 15.1 1500 233 31 170 27| 10.0 0.0 10.0|252.6 -5.0 247.6 165.1 0.77| 13.6 10.5 2000 238 32 176 26| 8.5 0.0 8.5|284.9 -5.0 279.9 140.0 0.74| 12.5 9.3 2500 243 33 181 24| 7.1 0.0 7.1|294.4 -5.0 289.4 115.8 0.75| 10.5 7.9 3000 247 34 186 22| 6.2 0.0 6.2|310.0 -8.3 301.8 100.6 0.73| 9.6 7.0 4000 251 35 191 20| 4.7 0.9 5.6|310.0 -32.5 277.5 69.4 0.55| 8.2 4.5 5000 254 37 197 19| 5.6 0.7 6.3|385.6 -32.5 353.1 70.6 0.60| 8.5 5.1 6000 256 41 209 21| 4.7 1.9 6.6|448.9 -54.7 394.2 65.7 0.49| 9.2 4.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251206.12.gif