UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120600.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 6 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 6 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 112 SFC 987 215 -3.1 -8.1 68 5.0 -4.7 170 6 271.1 271.4 269.2 276.8 2.10 2 982 255 -2.5 -9.5 59 7.0 -4.7 176 7 272.1 272.4 269.5 277.3 1.89 3 980 272 -2.5 -9.5 59 7.0 -4.7 178 8 272.2 272.5 269.6 277.5 1.89 4 967 378 -2.3 -8.3 63 6.0 -4.3 193 11 273.5 273.8 270.7 279.3 2.11 5 925 729 -5.5 -9.4 74 3.9 -6.7 235 20 273.7 274.0 270.7 279.3 2.02 6 875 1162 -9.7 -10.1 97 0.4 -9.8 235 23 273.7 274.0 270.7 279.3 2.02 7 867 1233 -10.1 -11.5 89 1.4 -10.5 235 23 274.0 274.3 270.6 279.1 1.83 8 860 1295 -10.9 -11.0 99 0.1 -10.9 237 23 273.8 274.1 270.7 279.2 1.92 9 854 1349 -11.1 -12.3 91 1.2 -11.4 239 22 274.1 274.4 270.5 279.0 1.74 10 853 1358 -10.9 -15.3 70 4.4 -12.0 239 22 274.5 274.7 270.1 278.3 1.36 11 852 1367 -9.3 -22.3 34 13.0 -12.0 239 22 276.2 276.3 270.2 278.4 0.75 12 851 1376 -8.9 -25.9 24 17.0 -12.1 240 22 276.7 276.8 270.1 278.4 0.54 13 850 1385 -8.5 -26.5 22 18.0 -11.9 240 22 277.2 277.3 270.4 278.8 0.52 14 848 1403 -8.7 -26.7 22 18.0 -12.1 243 22 277.2 277.3 270.4 278.8 0.51 15 841 1468 -6.9 -44.9 3 38.0 -11.6 252 23 279.8 279.8 271.2 280.0 0.08 16 836 1514 -6.7 -44.7 3 38.0 -11.5 258 23 280.5 280.5 271.6 280.7 0.09 17 799 1867 -7.3 -51.3 2 44.0 -12.2 260 24 283.5 283.5 273.2 283.6 0.04 18 786 1994 -7.7 -49.7 2 42.0 -12.5 260 25 284.4 284.4 273.8 284.6 0.05 19 782 2034 -8.1 -42.1 5 34.0 -12.6 260 25 284.4 284.4 273.9 284.8 0.12 20 775 2104 -8.7 -19.7 41 11.0 -11.3 260 26 284.4 284.6 275.4 287.6 1.03 21 771 2144 -8.9 -25.9 24 17.0 -12.3 260 26 284.7 284.8 274.8 286.5 0.60 22 762 2234 -9.5 -19.5 44 10.0 -11.9 262 25 285.0 285.1 275.7 288.2 1.07 23 760 2255 -9.7 -20.7 40 11.0 -12.2 262 25 285.0 285.1 275.6 287.9 0.97 24 756 2295 -9.5 -27.5 22 18.0 -13.0 263 24 285.6 285.7 275.2 287.3 0.53 25 747 2388 -9.9 -36.9 9 27.0 -13.9 264 24 286.2 286.2 275.0 286.9 0.22 26 741 2450 -9.9 -33.9 12 24.0 -13.8 265 23 286.8 286.9 275.5 287.8 0.29 27 737 2491 -10.1 -22.1 37 12.0 -12.8 264 23 287.0 287.2 276.5 289.8 0.88 28 734 2523 -10.3 -27.3 23 17.0 -13.6 264 22 287.2 287.3 276.1 288.9 0.55 29 730 2565 -10.3 -23.3 34 13.0 -13.1 263 22 287.6 287.7 276.7 290.1 0.80 30 722 2650 -10.5 -25.5 28 15.0 -13.6 262 22 288.3 288.4 276.9 290.4 0.66 31 721 2660 -10.5 -20.5 44 10.0 -12.9 261 22 288.4 288.6 277.4 291.6 1.04 32 720 2671 -10.5 -17.5 56 7.0 -12.3 261 21 288.5 288.8 277.9 292.6 1.34 33 718 2692 -10.7 -16.7 61 6.0 -12.3 261 21 288.5 288.8 278.1 292.9 1.44 34 702 2865 -11.5 -19.5 52 8.0 -13.5 264 23 289.5 289.7 278.2 293.1 1.16 35 700 2887 -11.7 -19.7 51 8.0 -13.6 265 23 289.5 289.7 278.2 293.0 1.14 36 675 3165 -13.5 -19.5 61 6.0 -14.9 265 22 290.5 290.8 278.7 294.2 1.21 37 659 3347 -14.7 -22.7 51 8.0 -16.4 265 25 291.2 291.4 278.7 294.1 0.94 38 650 3451 -15.3 -22.3 55 7.0 -16.8 265 27 291.7 291.8 279.0 294.7 0.98 39 646 3497 -15.7 -23.7 50 8.0 -17.3 265 28 291.7 291.9 278.9 294.5 0.87 40 637 3603 -16.5 -23.5 55 7.0 -17.9 265 30 292.0 292.1 279.0 294.8 0.90 41 630 3686 -16.3 -23.3 55 7.0 -17.7 265 31 293.1 293.3 279.6 296.1 0.93 42 629 3698 -16.3 -21.3 65 5.0 -17.4 265 31 293.3 293.5 279.9 296.7 1.11 43 626 3734 -16.5 -24.5 50 8.0 -18.1 264 32 293.4 293.6 279.6 296.1 0.84 44 614 3879 -17.7 -23.7 59 6.0 -18.9 262 33 293.7 293.9 279.8 296.6 0.92 45 611 3916 -17.7 -21.4 73 3.7 -18.5 261 34 294.1 294.3 280.3 297.6 1.13 46 607 3965 -17.7 -20.7 77 3.0 -18.4 260 34 294.7 294.9 280.7 298.4 1.21 47 597 4089 -18.1 -21.5 75 3.4 -18.8 258 36 295.6 295.8 281.0 299.2 1.15 48 595 4114 -18.3 -22.2 71 3.9 -19.1 258 36 295.6 295.8 280.9 299.1 1.08 49 588 4202 -18.5 -24.5 59 6.0 -19.7 256 37 296.4 296.6 281.0 299.3 0.89 50 581 4291 -19.1 -26.1 54 7.0 -20.4 255 38 296.7 296.9 281.0 299.2 0.78 51 563 4525 -21.1 -24.9 71 3.8 -21.8 255 36 297.1 297.2 281.3 299.9 0.90 52 559 4577 -21.5 -23.9 81 2.4 -22.0 255 36 297.2 297.4 281.5 300.3 0.99 53 500 5390 -27.3 -30.0 78 2.7 -27.7 250 36 299.8 299.9 282.1 301.8 0.63 54 400 6960 -39.3 -41.7 78 2.4 -39.5 260 49 303.9 304.0 283.3 304.8 0.25 55 327 8306 -48.7 -59.7 27 11.0 -49.0 260 65 309.0 309.0 285.0 309.1 0.04 56 300 8870 -48.5 -67.5 9 19.0 -48.8 265 82 317.0 317.0 287.8 317.1 0.01 57 250 10070 -49.9 -73.9 4 24.0 -50.3 265 96 331.9 331.9 292.2 331.9 0.01 58 200 11530 -50.1 -79.1 2 29.0 -50.6 265 101 353.4 353.4 297.4 353.4 0.00 59 192 11796 -50.4 -79.8 2 29.4 -50.9 260 110 357.1 357.1 298.1 357.1 0.00 60 150 13400 -52.1 -84.1 1 32.0 -52.6 270 98 380.3 380.3 302.3 380.3 0.00 61 100 15990 -56.9 -85.9 1 29.0 -57.3 270 70 417.8 417.8 307.4 417.8 0.00 62 96 16248 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.3 271 69 420.7 420.7 307.8 420.7 0.00 63 93 16450 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.0 273 66 427.3 427.3 308.6 427.3 0.00 64 79 17479 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.1 267 46 441.1 441.1 310.0 441.1 0.00 65 76 17720 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.4 261 41 441.0 441.0 310.0 441.0 0.00 66 71 18142 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 273 48 450.6 450.6 310.9 450.6 0.00 67 70 18230 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -59.9 275 49 457.1 457.1 311.5 457.1 0.00 68 67 18504 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.4 271 54 464.2 464.2 312.1 464.2 0.00 69 62 18990 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.0 269 43 475.5 475.5 313.1 475.5 0.00 70 52 20087 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -61.8 262 32 493.5 493.5 314.5 493.5 0.00 71 50 20330 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.4 280 36 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.0 0.00 72 49 20455 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.6 282 36 502.4 502.4 315.1 502.4 0.00 73 47 20714 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.0 285 37 512.7 512.7 315.8 512.7 0.00 74 45 20985 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.3 263 25 515.7 515.7 316.0 515.8 0.00 75 44 21125 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.2 262 26 527.4 527.4 316.8 527.4 0.00 76 43 21270 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.2 264 29 530.9 530.9 317.0 530.9 0.00 77 38 22045 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.6 291 27 543.3 543.3 317.7 543.4 0.00 78 37 22212 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.4 292 23 551.1 551.1 318.2 551.1 0.00 79 35 22560 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -60.0 294 16 558.4 558.4 318.6 558.4 0.00 80 35 22560 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.6 294 16 562.5 562.5 318.8 562.6 0.00 81 32 23123 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.5 256 23 574.5 574.5 319.4 574.5 0.00 82 31 23323 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -58.3 276 20 583.5 583.5 319.8 583.5 0.00 83 30 23530 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.5 300 19 588.4 588.4 320.0 588.5 0.01 84 27 24194 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -60.0 306 13 601.9 601.9 320.7 602.0 0.01 85 26 24433 -55.3 -88.3 1 33.0 -57.1 298 10 618.7 618.7 321.5 618.7 0.01 86 24 24945 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.7 311 10 634.8 634.8 322.1 634.8 0.01 87 23 25217 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.4 314 11 643.7 643.7 322.4 643.8 0.01 88 21 25799 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.9 311 13 655.9 655.9 322.9 655.9 0.01 89 20 26110 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -57.0 90 6 668.7 668.7 323.4 668.8 0.01 90 19 26439 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -57.2 47 8 678.0 678.0 323.7 678.1 0.01 91 18 26787 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.5 3 10 696.1 696.1 324.3 696.2 0.01 92 17 27155 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -57.6 348 13 699.3 699.3 324.4 699.4 0.01 93 14 28410 -50.3 -86.3 1 36.0 -54.6 18 14 755.5 755.5 326.1 755.6 0.02 94 14 28410 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -55.2 18 14 752.8 752.8 326.0 752.9 0.02 95 13 28895 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -54.2 38 22 775.1 775.1 326.6 775.3 0.02 96 13 28895 -45.9 -84.9 0 39.0 -52.2 38 22 786.9 786.9 326.9 787.1 0.02 97 12 29428 -45.7 -83.7 1 38.0 -52.4 62 27 805.8 805.8 327.4 806.1 0.03 98 12 29428 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -51.5 62 27 811.5 811.5 327.5 811.8 0.03 99 11 30014 -43.3 -83.3 0 40.0 -51.4 80 30 834.8 834.9 328.1 835.2 0.03 100 10 30660 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -50.4 80 30 869.1 869.1 328.8 869.6 0.05 101 10 30660 -41.1 -82.1 0 41.0 -50.8 80 30 866.1 866.2 328.7 866.6 0.05 102 10 30660 -40.5 -81.5 0 41.0 -50.5 80 30 868.4 868.4 328.8 868.9 0.05 103 8.7 31601 -44.7 -83.7 1 39.0 -53.1 76 30 887.3 887.4 329.2 887.7 0.04 104 8.6 31679 -44.9 -83.9 0 39.0 -53.3 76 30 889.5 889.5 329.2 889.9 0.04 105 7.0 33060 -43.5 -83.5 0 40.0 -53.5 70 30 949.2 949.3 330.4 949.8 0.05 106 6.5 33559 -43.3 -83.3 0 40.0 -53.8 970.4 970.4 330.7 971.0 0.06 TRP 327 8306 -48.7 -59.7 27 11.0 -49.0 260 65 309.0 309.0 285.0 309.1 0.04 WND 192 11796 -50.4 -79.8 2 29.4 -50.9 260 110 357.1 357.1 298.1 357.1 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5278.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 55.83 % Est. max temperature: 6.12 C = 43.02 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 912.23 mb = 837.20 m = 2746.67 ft T: -6.55 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.23 C/km ThetaE index: 1.05 C Layer 771.0- 762.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 866.34 mb = 1238.35 m = 4062.77 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.03 g/kg Conv temperature: -0.18 C = 31.67 F Cap Strength: 16.07 C Lifted Index: 17.36 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 26.89 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.66 C Showalter Index: 17.56 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 19.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.80 C Cross Totals Index: 0.80 C K Index: -15.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 126.71 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.90 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 5.59 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.35 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 67628.88 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.27 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 873.92 mb = 1171.12 m = 3842.22 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 284 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 987 215 170 6 -1.0 5.9 | 117 24 -21.8 11.1 1 939 610 225 19 13.4 13.4 | 158 20 -7.4 18.6 2 925 729 235 20 16.4 11.5 | 165 17 -4.4 16.6 3 903 914 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 171 18 -2.8 17.8 4 868 1219 235 23 18.8 13.2 | 174 18 -2.0 18.4 5 850 1385 240 22 19.1 11.0 | 174 16 -1.7 16.2 6 835 1524 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 191 9 1.8 9.2 7 803 1829 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 197 10 2.8 9.3 8 772 2134 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 206 11 4.8 9.7 9 742 2438 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 196 7 2.1 7.2 10 713 2743 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 179 9 -0.1 8.8 11 700 2887 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 196 7 2.1 7.2 12 685 3048 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 173 7 -0.9 6.9 13 631 3658 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 232 13 10.1 7.9 14 581 4267 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 227 22 15.9 15.0 15 536 4877 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 221 18 12.0 14.0 16 500 5390 250 36 33.8 12.3 | 217 22 13.0 17.5 17 472 5791 250 41 38.5 14.0 | 223 26 17.7 19.2 18 452 6096 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 231 25 19.8 16.0 19 400 6960 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 244 31 27.5 13.7 20 362 7620 255 55 53.1 14.2 | 239 38 32.3 19.4 21 327 8306 260 65 64.0 11.3 | 249 46 43.2 16.5 22 300 8870 265 82 81.7 7.1 | 259 62 60.9 12.3 23 288 9144 270 82 82.0 -0.0 | 265 61 61.2 5.2 24 250 10058 265 97 96.6 8.5 | 260 77 75.8 13.6 25 250 10070 265 96 95.6 8.4 | 260 76 74.8 13.5 26 218 10973 260 102 100.5 17.7 | 254 83 79.6 22.9 27 200 11530 265 101 100.6 8.8 | 260 81 79.8 14.0 28 192 11796 260 110 108.3 19.1 | 255 91 87.5 24.3 29 189 11887 260 110 108.3 19.1 | 255 91 87.5 24.3 30 157 13106 265 94 93.6 8.2 | 260 74 72.8 13.4 31 150 13400 270 98 98.0 -0.0 | 266 77 77.2 5.2 32 136 14021 275 102 101.6 -8.9 | 273 81 80.8 -3.7 33 124 14630 265 83 82.7 7.2 | 259 63 61.9 12.4 34 112 15240 265 91 90.7 7.9 | 259 71 69.9 13.1 35 107 15545 270 92 92.0 -0.0 | 266 71 71.2 5.2 36 100 15990 270 70 70.0 -0.0 | 264 49 49.2 5.2 37 97 16154 270 70 70.0 -0.0 | 264 49 49.2 5.2 38 84 17069 280 59 58.1 -10.2 | 278 38 37.3 -5.1 39 76 17678 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 237 22 18.6 12.1 40 70 18230 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 268 28 28.0 0.9 41 69 18288 275 60 59.8 -5.2 | 270 39 39.0 -0.1 42 63 18898 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 249 25 23.0 9.0 43 60 19202 280 41 40.4 -7.1 | 276 20 19.6 -2.0 44 57 19507 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 247 23 21.0 8.8 45 54 19812 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 261 14 14.1 2.1 46 52 20117 260 32 31.5 5.6 | 225 15 10.7 10.7 47 50 20330 280 36 35.5 -6.3 | 274 15 14.7 -1.1 48 47 20726 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 286 16 14.9 -4.4 49 45 21031 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 191 9 1.8 9.2 50 43 21336 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 232 13 10.1 7.9 51 41 21641 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 102 8 -8.2 1.8 52 39 21946 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 306 8 6.4 -4.8 53 35 22555 295 16 14.5 -6.8 | 76 6 -6.3 -1.6 54 33 22860 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 160 9 -3.1 8.3 55 32 23165 255 24 23.2 6.2 | 192 12 2.4 11.4 56 30 23470 295 16 14.5 -6.8 | 76 6 -6.3 -1.6 57 30 23530 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 45 6 -4.3 -4.3 58 29 23774 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 147 2 -1.1 1.7 59 28 24079 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 59 10 -8.5 -5.1 60 26 24384 300 9 7.8 -4.5 | 93 13 -13.0 0.7 61 25 24689 290 13 12.2 -4.4 | 95 9 -8.6 0.7 62 24 24994 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 82 14 -13.7 -1.9 63 21 25908 310 13 10.0 -8.4 | 74 11 -10.8 -3.2 64 20 26110 90 6 -6.0 0.0 | 101 27 -26.8 5.2 65 18 26822 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 77 21 -20.8 -4.8 66 17 27127 335 14 5.9 -12.7 | 63 17 -14.9 -7.5 67 16 27432 55 6 -4.9 -3.4 | 94 26 -25.7 1.7 68 16 27737 270 1 1.0 -0.0 | 105 20 -19.8 5.2 69 15 28042 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 76 18 -17.4 -4.2 70 14 28346 15 11 -2.8 -10.6 | 77 24 -23.6 -5.5 71 14 28651 25 20 -8.5 -18.1 | 66 32 -29.3 -13.0 72 11 29870 80 30 -29.5 -5.2 | 90 50 -50.3 -0.0 73 10 30660 80 30 -29.5 -5.2 | 90 50 -50.3 -0.0 74 7 33060 70 30 -28.2 -10.3 | 84 49 -49.0 -5.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 253.9 at 28.6 knts Storm direction: 283.9 at 21.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.8 neg: 0.7 tot: 5.5 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 79.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 154.3 neg: -11.6 tot: 142.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 47.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.54 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.4 stream: 4.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.12 Bulk Shear: 48.52 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 218 14 143 20| 18.6 0.0 18.6|112.7 0.0 112.7 225.3 0.90| 21.5 19.3 1000 229 18 157 19| 10.9 0.0 10.9|126.7 0.0 126.7 126.7 0.90| 12.4 11.2 1500 237 20 165 16| 8.4 0.0 8.4|141.1 0.0 141.1 94.1 0.76| 11.9 9.0 2000 244 21 172 14| 6.7 0.0 6.7|146.3 -0.6 145.7 72.8 0.74| 9.7 7.2 2500 248 21 176 13| 5.4 0.8 6.2|146.3 -8.1 138.2 55.3 0.57| 8.8 5.0 3000 251 21 177 12| 4.8 0.7 5.5|154.3 -11.6 142.7 47.6 0.54| 8.4 4.6 4000 255 24 191 12| 3.6 1.5 5.1|168.8 -18.0 150.8 37.7 0.47| 8.4 4.0 5000 255 26 201 13| 2.9 1.1 4.0|168.8 -34.9 133.9 26.8 0.39| 7.4 2.9 6000 254 29 207 15| 2.8 1.3 4.1|214.7 -36.8 177.9 29.6 0.42| 7.1 3.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251206.00.gif