UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120500.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 5 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 5 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1000 215 -7.1 -10.8 75 3.7 -8.1 330 6 266.0 266.3 265.0 270.6 1.67 1 985 333 -8.3 -12.4 72 4.1 -9.4 329 8 266.0 266.2 264.7 270.1 1.49 2 930 777 -12.1 -14.0 86 1.9 -12.5 301 15 266.5 266.8 264.8 270.3 1.39 3 925 818 -12.3 -15.3 78 3.0 -13.0 295 16 266.7 266.9 264.8 270.2 1.26 4 923 835 -12.5 -15.6 78 3.1 -13.2 294 16 266.7 266.9 264.7 270.1 1.23 5 899 1035 -14.1 -15.9 86 1.8 -14.5 288 17 267.1 267.3 265.0 270.5 1.23 6 896 1060 -14.3 -16.9 81 2.6 -14.8 288 17 267.1 267.3 264.8 270.3 1.13 7 893 1086 -14.5 -15.9 89 1.4 -14.8 287 17 267.2 267.4 265.0 270.6 1.24 8 884 1162 -15.1 -19.8 67 4.7 -16.0 286 17 267.3 267.5 264.5 269.8 0.90 9 871 1274 -16.1 -19.0 78 2.9 -16.6 287 17 267.4 267.6 264.7 270.1 0.98 10 865 1326 -16.5 -20.0 74 3.5 -17.1 289 17 267.5 267.7 264.7 270.1 0.90 11 850 1457 -17.9 -20.4 81 2.5 -18.3 295 17 267.4 267.5 264.6 269.9 0.89 12 842 1528 -18.5 -20.8 82 2.3 -18.9 297 17 267.5 267.6 264.6 269.9 0.86 13 804 1870 -21.7 -21.8 99 0.1 -21.7 307 21 267.6 267.8 264.6 270.0 0.83 14 801 1897 -21.9 -22.3 97 0.4 -22.0 309 22 267.7 267.8 264.6 270.0 0.80 15 798 1925 -21.9 -23.5 87 1.6 -22.1 310 24 268.0 268.1 264.7 270.1 0.72 16 795 1952 -21.5 -25.5 70 4.0 -22.1 311 26 268.7 268.8 265.0 270.5 0.60 17 794 1962 -21.3 -26.3 64 5.0 -22.0 312 26 269.0 269.1 265.1 270.7 0.56 18 790 1999 -20.1 -38.1 18 18.0 -21.8 314 28 270.7 270.7 265.5 271.3 0.18 19 788 2018 -18.5 -51.5 4 33.0 -20.8 315 29 272.6 272.6 266.5 272.7 0.04 20 786 2037 -17.9 -47.9 5 30.0 -20.3 315 31 273.4 273.5 267.1 273.7 0.06 21 774 2152 -16.3 -40.3 11 24.0 -18.8 320 36 276.4 276.4 269.2 276.8 0.15 22 769 2201 -15.9 -50.9 3 35.0 -18.8 319 37 277.3 277.3 269.6 277.5 0.05 23 761 2280 -15.5 -38.5 12 23.0 -18.1 318 39 278.6 278.6 270.7 279.2 0.18 24 760 2290 -15.5 -36.5 15 21.0 -18.1 317 39 278.7 278.7 270.8 279.4 0.22 25 738 2511 -15.7 -35.7 16 20.0 -18.3 313 43 280.8 280.9 272.1 281.6 0.25 26 700 2908 -17.7 -33.7 23 16.0 -19.8 305 50 282.9 282.9 273.4 283.9 0.32 27 699 2919 -17.7 -33.7 23 16.0 -19.8 305 50 283.0 283.1 273.5 284.0 0.32 28 681 3115 -16.5 -28.5 35 12.0 -18.5 304 54 286.5 286.6 275.7 288.1 0.53 29 675 3181 -15.9 -28.9 32 13.0 -18.1 303 55 287.9 287.9 276.4 289.5 0.52 30 668 3260 -16.3 -26.3 42 10.0 -18.1 303 56 288.3 288.4 276.8 290.4 0.67 31 638 3604 -18.1 -27.1 45 9.0 -19.7 300 62 290.0 290.1 277.7 292.1 0.65 32 614 3890 -20.1 -30.1 41 10.0 -21.6 298 61 290.9 291.0 277.9 292.6 0.51 33 602 4036 -20.5 -33.5 30 13.0 -22.3 297 60 292.1 292.2 278.3 293.3 0.38 34 591 4173 -21.3 -35.3 27 14.0 -23.1 296 59 292.7 292.8 278.5 293.8 0.32 35 576 4362 -22.7 -34.7 33 12.0 -24.2 295 59 293.3 293.3 278.8 294.4 0.35 36 531 4956 -25.3 -42.3 19 17.0 -26.9 294 67 297.0 297.1 280.3 297.6 0.17 37 508 5276 -27.5 -45.5 16 18.0 -29.0 287 69 298.2 298.2 280.7 298.6 0.13 38 500 5390 -28.5 -45.5 18 17.0 -29.8 285 69 298.3 298.3 280.8 298.8 0.13 39 482 5650 -30.7 -46.7 19 16.0 -31.8 285 72 298.7 298.7 281.0 299.1 0.12 40 460 5980 -32.3 -49.3 17 17.0 -33.4 285 75 300.7 300.8 281.8 301.1 0.09 41 445 6212 -33.5 -48.5 21 15.0 -34.4 285 78 302.1 302.1 282.4 302.5 0.11 42 443 6244 -33.5 -47.5 23 14.0 -34.4 285 78 302.5 302.5 282.5 302.9 0.12 43 439 6307 -34.1 -45.1 32 11.0 -34.8 285 79 302.5 302.5 282.6 303.1 0.16 44 426 6516 -35.5 -45.5 35 10.0 -36.1 285 82 303.3 303.4 283.0 303.9 0.15 45 425 6532 -35.7 -45.7 35 10.0 -36.4 285 82 303.3 303.3 282.9 303.8 0.15 46 421 6598 -36.1 -47.1 31 11.0 -36.8 285 83 303.6 303.6 283.0 304.1 0.13 47 400 6950 -38.5 -44.5 53 6.0 -38.9 285 88 305.0 305.0 283.7 305.6 0.18 48 399 6967 -38.7 -43.7 59 5.0 -39.0 285 88 304.9 304.9 283.7 305.6 0.20 49 397 7002 -38.9 -45.9 48 7.0 -39.3 285 88 305.1 305.1 283.7 305.7 0.16 50 396 7019 -39.1 -45.1 53 6.0 -39.5 285 88 305.0 305.1 283.7 305.7 0.17 51 394 7054 -39.3 -47.3 42 8.0 -39.7 285 88 305.2 305.3 283.7 305.7 0.14 52 393 7071 -39.3 -46.3 47 7.0 -39.7 285 88 305.5 305.5 283.8 306.0 0.15 53 390 7124 -39.5 -47.5 42 8.0 -39.9 285 88 305.9 305.9 284.0 306.3 0.13 54 389 7141 -39.7 -45.7 53 6.0 -40.1 285 88 305.8 305.9 284.0 306.4 0.16 55 300 8890 -47.3 -65.3 11 18.0 -47.7 270 103 318.7 318.7 288.3 318.8 0.02 56 265 9702 -50.4 -68.4 10 18.0 -50.8 270 115 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.7 0.01 57 250 10080 -51.9 -69.9 10 18.0 -52.2 275 114 328.9 328.9 291.4 329.0 0.01 58 247 10158 -52.5 -71.5 8 19.0 -52.8 275 113 329.1 329.2 291.5 329.2 0.01 59 200 11530 -49.9 -80.9 1 31.0 -50.4 275 98 353.8 353.8 297.4 353.8 0.00 60 150 13380 -54.9 -83.9 2 29.0 -55.3 275 91 375.5 375.5 301.5 375.5 0.00 61 100 15960 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -56.2 275 75 420.1 420.1 307.7 420.1 0.00 62 86 16924 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -55.5 275 61 440.2 440.2 309.9 440.3 0.00 63 70 18230 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.2 285 38 458.8 458.8 311.7 458.8 0.00 64 60 19198 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 280 34 476.4 476.4 313.1 476.4 0.00 65 56 19633 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.5 287 38 493.6 493.6 314.5 493.6 0.00 66 52 20102 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.5 266 28 499.0 499.1 314.9 499.1 0.00 67 51 20224 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -57.9 260 32 506.0 506.0 315.4 506.1 0.00 68 50 20350 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.1 255 36 508.4 508.4 315.5 508.5 0.00 69 47 20739 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.3 256 36 517.0 517.0 316.1 517.1 0.00 70 45 21011 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -60.7 269 35 517.2 517.2 316.1 517.2 0.00 71 43 21294 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.1 266 41 523.0 523.0 316.5 523.0 0.00 72 41 21593 -56.1 -89.1 1 33.0 -57.2 280 37 541.1 541.1 317.6 541.2 0.00 73 40 21750 -54.1 -88.1 1 34.0 -55.5 289 34 550.0 550.0 318.1 550.0 0.00 74 39 21912 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.0 298 32 555.5 555.5 318.4 555.5 0.01 75 32 23164 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.4 270 21 571.8 571.8 319.2 571.8 0.00 76 31 23363 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.3 293 20 583.5 583.5 319.8 583.5 0.01 77 30 23570 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -58.2 285 24 589.5 589.5 320.1 589.6 0.01 78 28 24005 -58.3 -89.3 1 31.0 -59.5 289 27 597.4 597.4 320.5 597.4 0.00 79 26 24472 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -58.0 320 27 615.3 615.3 321.3 615.3 0.01 80 25 24720 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -59.1 354 16 618.8 618.8 321.5 618.8 0.01 81 22 25527 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -58.1 282 13 646.0 646.0 322.5 646.0 0.01 82 21 25821 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -59.3 269 15 650.4 650.4 322.7 650.5 0.01 83 20 26130 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -58.1 350 16 664.5 664.5 323.2 664.5 0.01 84 20 26130 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -58.4 350 16 663.2 663.2 323.2 663.3 0.01 85 19 26458 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -56.3 348 16 681.7 681.7 323.9 681.8 0.01 86 18 26804 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -57.3 346 16 688.6 688.6 324.0 688.7 0.01 TRP 247 10158 -52.5 -71.5 8 19.0 -52.8 275 113 329.1 329.2 291.5 329.2 0.01 WND 265 9702 -50.4 -68.4 10 18.0 -50.8 270 115 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.7 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5175.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.14 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 44.80 % Est. max temperature: -5.76 C = 21.64 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 942.78 mb = 671.26 m = 2202.28 ft T: -11.20 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.35 C/km ThetaE index: 0.74 C Layer 884.0- 871.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 894.69 mb = 1071.36 m = 3514.92 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.40 g/kg Conv temperature: -6.02 C = 21.16 F Cap Strength: 23.16 C Lifted Index: 23.16 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 34.36 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 12.57 C Showalter Index: 23.45 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 18.70 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 10.60 C Cross Totals Index: 8.10 C K Index: -25.80 Risk: None Sweat Index: 103.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.18 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.61 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.04 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 12.61 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.17 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 904.78 mb = 986.20 m = 3235.52 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 819.78 mb = 1725.69 m = 5661.66 ft Equ Level (EL): 799.78 mb = 1908.38 m = 6261.02 ft B at Equ Level: 3.46 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 789.78 mb = 2001.16 m = 6565.40 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 326 at 35 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 215 330 6 3.0 -5.2 | 146 29 -16.4 24.1 1 950 610 325 13 7.5 -10.6 | 147 22 -12.0 18.6 2 925 818 295 16 14.5 -6.8 | 168 23 -4.9 22.5 3 913 914 290 17 16.0 -5.8 | 172 24 -3.4 23.4 4 877 1219 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 173 25 -3.0 24.8 5 850 1457 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 170 22 -4.0 22.1 6 809 1829 305 18 14.7 -10.3 | 166 19 -4.7 18.9 7 776 2134 320 36 23.1 -27.6 | 246 4 3.7 1.7 8 745 2438 315 42 29.7 -29.7 | 273 10 10.3 -0.5 9 716 2743 305 46 37.7 -26.4 | 261 18 18.3 2.9 10 700 2908 305 50 41.0 -28.7 | 268 22 21.6 0.6 11 632 3658 300 63 54.6 -31.5 | 274 35 35.2 -2.3 12 582 4267 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 262 33 33.2 4.7 13 536 4877 295 67 60.7 -28.3 | 269 41 41.3 0.9 14 500 5390 285 69 66.6 -17.9 | 256 49 47.2 11.4 15 452 6096 285 76 73.4 -19.7 | 260 55 54.0 9.6 16 400 6950 285 88 85.0 -22.8 | 264 66 65.6 6.5 17 362 7620 285 88 85.0 -22.8 | 264 66 65.6 6.5 18 300 8890 270 103 103.0 -0.0 | 251 89 83.6 29.2 19 289 9144 270 105 105.0 -0.0 | 251 90 85.6 29.2 20 265 9702 270 115 115.0 -0.0 | 253 100 95.6 29.2 21 263 9754 270 115 115.0 -0.0 | 253 100 95.6 29.2 22 250 10080 275 114 113.6 -9.9 | 258 96 94.2 19.3 23 247 10158 275 113 112.6 -9.8 | 258 95 93.2 19.4 24 200 11530 275 98 97.6 -8.5 | 255 81 78.2 20.7 25 150 13380 275 91 90.7 -7.9 | 253 74 71.2 21.3 26 112 15240 275 77 76.7 -6.7 | 249 62 57.3 22.5 27 100 15960 275 75 74.7 -6.5 | 248 60 55.3 22.7 28 97 16154 275 75 74.7 -6.5 | 248 60 55.3 22.7 29 80 17374 275 53 52.8 -4.6 | 234 41 33.4 24.6 30 73 17983 270 62 62.0 -0.0 | 236 52 42.6 29.2 31 70 18230 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 222 26 17.3 19.4 32 69 18288 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 231 24 19.1 15.2 33 63 18898 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 200 28 9.5 26.7 34 57 19507 285 39 37.7 -10.1 | 224 26 18.3 19.2 35 54 19812 290 36 33.8 -12.3 | 220 22 14.4 16.9 36 52 20117 265 28 27.9 2.4 | 195 33 8.5 31.7 37 50 20350 255 36 34.8 9.3 | 202 42 15.4 38.6 38 47 20726 255 36 34.8 9.3 | 202 42 15.4 38.6 39 45 21031 270 35 35.0 -0.0 | 208 33 15.6 29.2 40 43 21336 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 214 40 22.4 32.9 41 39 21946 300 31 26.8 -15.5 | 208 16 7.4 13.7 42 37 22250 245 7 6.3 3.0 | 158 35 -13.1 32.2 43 35 22555 215 10 5.7 8.2 | 160 40 -13.7 37.4 44 34 22860 235 21 17.2 12.0 | 177 41 -2.2 41.3 45 30 23470 305 20 16.4 -11.5 | 170 18 -3.0 17.8 46 30 23570 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 189 23 3.8 23.0 47 29 23774 280 24 23.6 -4.2 | 190 25 4.2 25.1 48 26 24384 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 208 13 6.0 11.5 49 25 24689 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 126 22 -18.0 13.3 50 23 25298 335 14 5.9 -12.7 | 141 21 -13.5 16.6 51 22 25603 265 13 13.0 1.1 | 168 31 -6.5 30.4 52 21 25908 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 173 29 -3.4 29.2 53 20 26130 350 16 2.8 -15.8 | 129 21 -16.6 13.5 54 17 26518 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 132 21 -15.3 13.8 55 16 26822 355 18 1.6 -17.9 | 122 21 -17.8 11.3 56 14 27127 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 155 21 -8.8 18.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 296.4 at 46.8 knts Storm direction: 326.4 at 35.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.3 neg: 6.0 tot: 10.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 126.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 117.5 neg: -24.4 tot: 93.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 31.0 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.35 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.8 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 189.91 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 324 10 147 25| 0.0 9.4 9.4| 26.8 0.0 26.8 53.6 0.42| 11.2 4.7 1000 303 14 160 23| 0.0 6.9 6.9| 64.0 0.0 64.0 64.0 0.59| 9.4 5.5 1500 300 15 163 23| 1.8 4.6 6.4| 64.0 -13.3 50.7 33.8 0.36| 8.1 2.9 2000 305 18 165 20| 6.5 3.5 10.0| 93.7 -15.5 78.2 39.1 0.46| 11.7 5.4 2500 308 23 174 15| 5.2 5.3 10.5| 96.7 -24.4 72.4 28.9 0.35| 12.0 4.2 3000 307 27 191 13| 4.3 6.0 10.3|117.5 -24.4 93.1 31.0 0.35| 11.8 4.1 4000 304 36 227 14| 3.2 5.3 8.6|124.9 -82.5 42.4 10.6 0.22| 10.7 2.4 5000 301 41 243 18| 2.6 5.5 8.1|160.7-152.9 7.8 1.6 0.16| 10.2 1.6 6000 296 47 249 24| 2.2 5.5 7.7|212.5-192.4 20.0 3.3 0.15| 9.6 1.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251205.00.gif