UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120400.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 4 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 4 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 121 SFC 988 215 1.0 -3.9 70 4.9 -0.9 225 14 275.1 275.6 272.9 283.1 2.89 2 925 743 -3.9 -5.0 92 1.1 -4.3 235 33 275.3 275.8 273.0 283.2 2.84 3 906 906 -5.5 -5.6 99 0.1 -5.5 235 33 275.3 275.8 272.9 283.0 2.77 4 850 1404 -8.9 -8.9 100 0.0 -8.9 250 36 276.8 277.2 273.1 283.3 2.29 5 841 1486 -9.3 -9.3 100 0.0 -9.3 253 37 277.2 277.6 273.2 283.6 2.24 6 838 1514 -9.3 -9.3 100 0.0 -9.3 254 37 277.5 277.9 273.4 283.9 2.25 7 825 1635 -8.5 -8.5 100 0.0 -8.5 258 38 279.6 280.0 274.8 286.5 2.44 8 824 1645 -8.1 -8.2 99 0.1 -8.1 259 38 280.1 280.6 275.2 287.2 2.50 9 823 1654 -6.9 -7.1 98 0.2 -7.0 259 38 281.5 282.0 276.3 289.2 2.72 10 822 1664 -6.9 -7.3 97 0.4 -7.0 259 38 281.6 282.1 276.3 289.2 2.68 11 816 1721 -7.1 -7.8 95 0.7 -7.4 261 39 282.0 282.4 276.3 289.4 2.60 12 814 1740 -7.3 -10.2 80 2.9 -8.2 262 39 282.0 282.3 275.7 288.2 2.16 13 801 1865 -6.7 -7.7 93 1.0 -7.1 266 40 283.9 284.4 277.4 291.6 2.67 14 778 2093 -7.5 -7.5 100 0.0 -7.5 269 43 285.4 285.9 278.4 293.5 2.79 15 773 2143 -7.9 -8.0 99 0.1 -7.9 270 43 285.5 286.0 278.3 293.3 2.70 16 760 2275 -6.9 -9.9 79 3.0 -7.9 275 43 288.0 288.4 279.1 295.0 2.37 17 714 2759 -10.7 -11.2 96 0.5 -10.9 274 45 289.0 289.4 279.4 295.7 2.27 18 700 2911 -10.9 -11.9 92 1.0 -11.2 265 47 290.4 290.8 280.0 296.9 2.19 19 691 3010 -11.3 -12.3 92 1.0 -11.6 265 47 291.0 291.4 280.2 297.5 2.15 20 686 3066 -11.3 -12.9 88 1.6 -11.8 265 47 291.7 292.0 280.4 297.8 2.06 21 669 3259 -10.9 -16.9 61 6.0 -12.6 265 48 294.2 294.5 280.8 298.9 1.52 22 661 3351 -11.3 -16.1 68 4.8 -12.6 265 48 294.8 295.1 281.3 299.8 1.65 23 654 3433 -11.9 -19.9 51 8.0 -13.9 265 48 295.0 295.2 280.8 298.8 1.20 24 643 3562 -12.5 -21.5 47 9.0 -14.6 265 49 295.7 295.9 281.0 299.1 1.07 25 638 3622 -12.7 -19.7 56 7.0 -14.5 265 49 296.2 296.4 281.4 300.1 1.26 26 619 3852 -13.9 -23.9 43 10.0 -16.1 265 51 297.4 297.5 281.4 300.2 0.90 27 613 3926 -14.3 -21.3 55 7.0 -16.0 265 52 297.7 297.9 281.9 301.3 1.14 28 587 4254 -15.5 -18.8 76 3.3 -16.4 265 57 300.1 300.3 283.3 304.7 1.47 29 582 4318 -15.5 -19.7 70 4.2 -16.6 264 57 300.8 301.0 283.5 305.2 1.38 30 577 4383 -15.5 -18.6 77 3.1 -16.3 262 58 301.5 301.8 284.0 306.4 1.53 31 570 4475 -16.1 -20.1 71 4.0 -17.1 260 59 301.9 302.1 283.9 306.2 1.36 32 560 4608 -17.3 -19.8 81 2.5 -17.9 257 60 302.0 302.3 284.0 306.5 1.42 33 554 4689 -17.7 -20.7 77 3.0 -18.4 255 61 302.5 302.7 284.1 306.7 1.33 34 534 4963 -19.5 -21.0 88 1.5 -19.8 251 63 303.5 303.7 284.5 307.8 1.34 35 521 5146 -20.1 -23.4 75 3.3 -20.8 252 64 304.9 305.1 284.8 308.6 1.11 36 504 5391 -21.7 -24.1 81 2.4 -22.2 254 65 305.9 306.1 285.1 309.4 1.08 37 500 5450 -22.1 -24.8 79 2.7 -22.7 255 65 306.1 306.3 285.1 309.5 1.02 38 472 5870 -24.9 -28.5 72 3.6 -25.5 255 68 307.7 307.9 285.4 310.3 0.77 39 449 6231 -27.3 -29.8 79 2.5 -27.7 255 72 309.1 309.3 285.9 311.6 0.72 40 441 6359 -27.9 -31.3 73 3.4 -28.4 255 75 310.0 310.1 286.1 312.1 0.63 41 432 6507 -29.1 -32.6 72 3.5 -29.6 255 77 310.3 310.4 286.1 312.2 0.57 42 406 6946 -33.1 -33.8 93 0.7 -33.2 255 85 310.6 310.7 286.2 312.5 0.54 43 401 7033 -33.7 -36.1 79 2.4 -34.0 255 87 311.0 311.1 286.2 312.5 0.44 44 400 7050 -33.1 -35.1 82 2.0 -33.3 255 87 312.0 312.1 286.6 313.7 0.48 45 397 7103 -32.5 -35.6 74 3.1 -32.9 255 87 313.4 313.5 287.1 315.1 0.46 46 394 7156 -32.9 -37.6 63 4.7 -33.4 255 87 313.6 313.7 287.1 314.9 0.38 47 385 7318 -34.3 -39.3 60 5.0 -34.8 255 87 313.8 313.9 287.1 315.0 0.33 48 378 7446 -35.1 -40.0 61 4.9 -35.5 255 88 314.4 314.5 287.3 315.5 0.31 49 372 7558 -35.7 -39.0 72 3.3 -36.0 255 88 315.1 315.1 287.5 316.3 0.35 50 368 7633 -36.3 -37.2 91 0.9 -36.4 255 88 315.2 315.3 287.7 316.8 0.43 51 365 7690 -36.7 -38.9 80 2.2 -36.9 255 89 315.4 315.5 287.6 316.7 0.36 52 363 7728 -37.1 -37.6 95 0.5 -37.1 255 89 315.4 315.5 287.7 316.9 0.41 53 362 7747 -37.3 -37.9 94 0.6 -37.4 255 90 315.4 315.5 287.7 316.8 0.40 54 360 7785 -37.5 -38.8 88 1.3 -37.6 254 90 315.6 315.7 287.8 316.9 0.37 55 345 8078 -38.9 -43.7 60 4.8 -39.2 253 94 317.6 317.6 288.2 318.4 0.23 56 300 9020 -46.7 -52.7 50 6.0 -46.9 250 108 319.5 319.6 288.7 319.9 0.10 57 250 10210 -53.9 -67.9 16 14.0 -54.1 255 118 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.0 0.02 58 215 11173 -58.5 -70.5 20 12.0 -58.6 250 123 333.2 333.2 292.6 333.2 0.01 59 207 11412 -58.2 -73.3 13 15.1 -58.3 255 131 337.3 337.3 293.6 337.3 0.01 60 200 11630 -57.9 -75.9 8 18.0 -58.1 260 122 341.1 341.1 294.6 341.1 0.01 61 150 13460 -55.7 -83.7 2 28.0 -56.1 265 86 374.1 374.1 301.3 374.1 0.00 62 100 16020 -58.3 -85.3 2 27.0 -58.7 260 54 415.1 415.1 307.2 415.1 0.00 63 97 16211 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -59.6 259 53 416.8 416.8 307.3 416.8 0.00 64 95 16342 -58.3 -86.3 2 28.0 -58.7 257 51 421.2 421.2 307.9 421.2 0.00 65 87 16892 -60.1 -86.1 2 26.0 -60.4 246 46 428.3 428.3 308.7 428.3 0.00 66 79 17494 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -59.7 254 58 442.0 442.0 310.1 442.0 0.00 67 77 17654 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 259 55 442.3 442.3 310.1 442.3 0.00 68 70 18250 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 255 47 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.7 0.00 69 69 18341 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 255 45 463.3 463.3 312.1 463.3 0.00 70 61 19117 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.2 268 39 475.0 475.0 313.1 475.0 0.00 71 57 19545 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.6 259 34 490.7 490.7 314.2 490.7 0.00 72 51 20246 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.3 262 28 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.0 0.00 73 50 20370 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.6 265 27 504.7 504.7 315.3 504.7 0.00 74 49 20497 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 265 27 509.0 509.0 315.6 509.0 0.00 75 46 20892 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.1 257 30 513.0 513.0 315.8 513.0 0.00 76 40 21769 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.6 268 26 541.0 541.0 317.6 541.0 0.00 77 38 22092 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.9 262 26 548.4 548.4 318.0 548.5 0.00 78 35 22614 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.5 260 26 568.8 568.8 319.1 568.8 0.01 79 30 23590 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.9 265 27 584.1 584.1 319.9 584.1 0.00 80 29 23802 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -60.0 248 28 589.8 589.8 320.2 589.8 0.00 81 28 24023 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -57.6 270 30 603.5 603.5 320.7 603.5 0.01 82 28 24023 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.4 270 30 607.4 607.4 320.9 607.4 0.01 83 27 24255 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.2 290 29 611.5 611.5 321.1 611.5 0.01 84 26 24496 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -55.8 302 23 623.2 623.2 321.6 623.3 0.01 85 24 25005 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.3 356 0 629.0 629.0 321.9 629.0 0.01 86 22 25555 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -58.6 263 16 644.2 644.2 322.4 644.3 0.01 87 20 26160 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -57.5 285 26 666.9 666.9 323.3 667.0 0.01 88 19 26488 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -57.1 287 27 678.6 678.6 323.7 678.7 0.01 89 18 26833 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.7 298 19 682.9 682.9 323.9 683.0 0.01 90 17 27197 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -58.3 307 9 696.1 696.1 324.3 696.1 0.01 91 16 27587 -51.7 -86.7 1 35.0 -55.2 288 8 722.6 722.6 325.1 722.7 0.01 92 15 28007 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -55.0 318 16 738.1 738.1 325.6 738.2 0.02 93 13 28938 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -55.6 287 18 767.5 767.5 326.4 767.7 0.02 94 12 29462 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -54.0 271 25 795.9 795.9 327.1 796.1 0.03 95 11 30034 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -55.1 277 14 810.9 810.9 327.5 811.1 0.02 96 10 30660 -48.1 -84.1 1 36.0 -54.4 265 15 840.0 840.0 328.2 840.3 0.03 97 9.4 31067 -49.5 -85.5 1 36.0 -55.4 849.7 849.7 328.4 849.9 0.03 98 8.5 31728 -48.1 -85.1 1 37.0 -55.0 880.0 880.0 329.0 880.3 0.03 TRP 215 11173 -58.5 -70.5 20 12.0 -58.6 250 123 333.2 333.2 292.6 333.2 0.01 WND 207 11412 -58.2 -73.3 13 15.1 -58.3 255 131 337.3 337.3 293.6 337.3 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5329.00 m Freezing level: 975.14 mb = 322.75 m = 1058.89 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.45 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 81.35 % Est. max temperature: 3.42 C = 38.16 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 915.37 mb = 825.43 m = 2708.08 ft T: -4.71 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.41 C/km ThetaE index: 1.22 C Layer 814.0- 801.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 907.63 mb = 892.22 m = 2927.18 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.83 g/kg Conv temperature: 1.22 C = 34.19 F Cap Strength: 19.30 C Lifted Index: 19.42 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.82 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.47 C Showalter Index: 19.28 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 26.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.20 C Cross Totals Index: 13.20 C K Index: 3.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 172.89 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.51 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 1.64 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 1.81 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.12 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.19 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 907.84 mb = 890.46 m = 2921.43 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 902.84 mb = 933.68 m = 3063.23 ft Equ Level (EL): 882.84 mb = 1108.40 m = 3636.43 ft B at Equ Level: 1.60 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 842.84 mb = 1469.52 m = 4821.21 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 288 at 37 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 988 215 225 14 9.9 9.9 | 130 33 -25.0 21.3 1 941 610 225 30 21.2 21.2 | 157 35 -13.7 32.6 2 925 743 235 33 27.0 18.9 | 165 31 -7.9 30.3 3 905 914 235 33 27.0 18.9 | 165 31 -7.9 30.3 4 870 1219 245 34 30.8 14.4 | 171 26 -4.1 25.8 5 850 1404 250 36 33.8 12.3 | 177 24 -1.1 23.7 6 805 1829 265 40 39.8 3.5 | 198 16 4.9 14.9 7 774 2134 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 215 14 8.1 11.4 8 744 2438 280 44 43.3 -7.6 | 246 9 8.4 3.8 9 715 2743 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 233 12 9.9 7.5 10 700 2911 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 217 20 11.9 15.5 11 687 3048 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 217 20 11.9 15.5 12 634 3658 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 222 21 13.9 15.7 13 585 4267 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 233 27 21.9 16.4 14 539 4877 250 63 59.2 21.5 | 216 41 24.3 33.0 15 500 5450 255 65 62.8 16.8 | 225 40 27.9 28.2 16 457 6096 255 70 67.6 18.1 | 228 44 32.7 29.5 17 400 7050 255 87 84.0 22.5 | 235 60 49.1 33.9 18 368 7620 255 88 85.0 22.8 | 236 61 50.1 34.2 19 300 9020 250 108 101.5 36.9 | 234 82 66.6 48.4 20 294 9144 250 108 101.5 36.9 | 234 82 66.6 48.4 21 250 10210 255 118 114.0 30.5 | 242 90 79.1 42.0 22 233 10668 260 125 123.1 21.7 | 249 94 88.2 33.1 23 215 11173 250 123 115.6 42.1 | 236 97 80.7 53.5 24 211 11278 255 116 112.0 30.0 | 242 88 77.1 41.4 25 207 11412 255 131 126.5 33.9 | 244 102 91.6 45.3 26 202 11582 255 131 126.5 33.9 | 244 102 91.6 45.3 27 200 11630 260 122 120.1 21.2 | 249 91 85.2 32.6 28 183 12192 255 110 106.3 28.5 | 241 82 71.3 39.9 29 150 13460 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 250 54 50.8 18.9 30 119 14935 255 69 66.6 17.9 | 227 43 31.7 29.3 31 113 15240 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 238 46 38.9 24.4 32 100 16020 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 221 28 18.3 20.8 33 98 16154 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 221 28 18.3 20.8 34 89 16764 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 194 27 6.4 26.5 35 85 17069 240 49 42.4 24.5 | 192 37 7.5 35.9 36 81 17374 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 214 38 21.5 31.9 37 77 17678 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 223 28 19.2 21.0 38 70 18250 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 204 26 10.5 23.6 39 70 18288 255 45 43.5 11.6 | 200 25 8.6 23.1 40 66 18593 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 204 26 10.5 23.6 41 60 19202 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 195 12 3.1 11.4 42 55 19812 250 30 28.2 10.3 | 163 23 -6.7 21.7 43 50 20370 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 150 16 -8.0 13.8 44 47 20726 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 150 16 -8.0 13.8 45 45 21031 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 168 23 -4.8 22.4 46 43 21336 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 139 12 -8.0 9.1 47 35 22555 255 25 24.1 6.5 | 149 21 -10.8 17.9 48 34 22860 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 135 9 -6.4 6.4 49 32 23165 225 22 15.6 15.6 | 144 33 -19.4 27.0 50 30 23590 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 150 16 -8.0 13.8 51 29 23774 245 28 25.4 11.8 | 158 25 -9.5 23.3 52 28 24079 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 150 10 -5.0 8.8 53 26 24384 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 76 11 -10.7 -2.6 54 25 24689 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 97 23 -22.6 2.8 55 24 24994 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 108 37 -34.9 11.4 56 23 25298 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 120 30 -25.5 14.8 57 22 25603 265 17 16.9 1.5 | 126 22 -18.0 12.9 58 21 25908 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 95 30 -29.9 2.8 59 20 26160 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 116 11 -9.8 4.7 60 20 26213 305 13 10.6 -7.5 | 99 25 -24.3 4.0 61 19 26518 285 28 27.0 -7.2 | 118 9 -7.9 4.2 62 17 27127 310 11 8.4 -7.1 | 99 27 -26.5 4.3 63 16 27432 300 5 4.3 -2.5 | 106 32 -30.6 8.9 64 16 27737 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 111 27 -25.1 9.7 65 15 28042 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 88 25 -24.6 -0.8 66 14 28346 290 16 15.0 -5.5 | 107 21 -19.9 5.9 67 12 29261 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 111 18 -16.6 6.5 68 12 29566 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 150 16 -8.0 13.8 69 11 29870 285 20 19.3 -5.2 | 112 17 -15.6 6.2 70 11 30175 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 115 27 -24.9 11.4 71 10 30660 265 15 14.9 1.3 | 123 24 -20.0 12.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 258.1 at 49.0 knts Storm direction: 288.1 at 36.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.4 neg: 1.5 tot: 8.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 88.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 292.4 neg: -23.0 tot: 269.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 89.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.56 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.4 stream: 6.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.01 Bulk Shear: 130.11 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 226 24 148 33| 19.1 0.0 19.1|172.2 0.0 172.2 344.3 0.93| 21.4 20.0 1000 233 29 157 31| 11.0 0.0 11.0|201.5 0.0 201.5 201.5 0.83| 14.4 11.9 1500 241 31 164 28| 9.9 0.0 9.9|247.9 0.0 247.9 165.3 0.79| 13.5 10.7 2000 249 34 172 24| 9.1 0.0 9.1|278.9 0.0 278.9 139.4 0.79| 12.6 10.0 2500 256 36 180 20| 7.7 0.0 7.7|290.4 -4.8 285.5 114.2 0.72| 11.8 8.5 3000 258 38 186 19| 6.4 1.5 8.0|292.4 -23.0 269.5 89.8 0.56| 11.4 6.4 4000 261 41 197 19| 4.8 1.9 6.7|325.9 -23.0 302.9 75.7 0.57| 9.7 5.5 5000 259 45 205 22| 3.9 2.9 6.8|358.2-105.2 253.0 50.6 0.38| 9.8 3.8 6000 258 49 211 25| 3.5 2.8 6.3|421.4-105.2 316.2 52.7 0.40| 9.0 3.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251204.00.gif