UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120312.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 3 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 3 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 131 SFC 989 215 -3.3 -4.0 95 0.7 -3.6 0 0 270.7 271.2 270.2 278.5 2.87 2 984 255 -3.5 -4.7 91 1.2 -3.9 345 1 270.9 271.3 270.1 278.3 2.74 3 982 272 -2.5 -4.2 88 1.7 -3.1 339 1 272.1 272.5 271.0 279.8 2.85 4 975 329 -2.5 -5.2 82 2.7 -3.4 318 2 272.6 273.1 271.1 279.9 2.66 5 967 394 -3.1 -4.6 89 1.5 -3.6 294 4 272.7 273.1 271.3 280.3 2.80 6 925 747 -5.1 -5.4 98 0.3 -5.2 245 10 274.1 274.6 272.1 281.7 2.76 7 908 893 -6.1 -6.1 100 0.0 -6.1 249 15 274.5 275.0 272.2 281.9 2.66 8 850 1407 -9.1 -9.1 100 0.0 -9.1 255 30 276.6 277.0 272.9 282.9 2.25 9 836 1535 -9.9 -9.9 100 0.0 -9.9 260 31 277.1 277.5 273.0 283.2 2.15 10 823 1656 -10.7 -11.1 97 0.4 -10.8 264 28 277.5 277.8 272.9 283.1 1.99 11 813 1750 -11.1 -14.7 75 3.6 -12.1 267 26 278.0 278.3 272.5 282.4 1.50 12 808 1797 -10.7 -17.7 56 7.0 -12.3 269 25 279.0 279.2 272.5 282.4 1.18 13 806 1816 -10.7 -17.7 56 7.0 -12.3 270 24 279.1 279.3 272.6 282.6 1.18 14 804 1835 -10.5 -19.5 48 9.0 -12.5 269 24 279.6 279.7 272.6 282.6 1.01 15 799 1883 -11.1 -33.1 14 22.0 -14.4 266 23 279.4 279.5 271.4 280.3 0.29 16 786 2009 -10.5 -35.5 11 25.0 -14.2 258 22 281.4 281.4 272.4 282.1 0.24 17 782 2049 -10.1 -32.1 15 22.0 -13.7 255 21 282.2 282.3 273.1 283.3 0.33 18 781 2058 -9.5 -24.5 28 15.0 -12.6 255 21 283.0 283.1 274.0 285.0 0.67 19 778 2088 -9.5 -23.5 31 14.0 -12.5 253 21 283.3 283.4 274.3 285.5 0.74 20 763 2239 -8.5 -29.5 17 21.0 -12.4 250 18 285.9 286.0 275.3 287.3 0.43 21 745 2424 -8.3 -34.3 10 26.0 -12.6 250 14 288.1 288.2 276.2 289.0 0.28 22 739 2487 -8.1 -33.1 11 25.0 -12.5 250 15 289.0 289.1 276.7 290.0 0.32 23 716 2732 -8.9 -35.9 9 27.0 -13.3 250 18 290.7 290.8 277.4 291.6 0.25 24 704 2863 -7.9 -41.9 5 34.0 -12.9 243 20 293.3 293.3 278.5 293.7 0.14 25 701 2896 -7.5 -27.5 18 20.0 -11.8 241 21 294.1 294.2 279.5 295.9 0.57 26 700 2907 -7.3 -27.3 19 20.0 -11.6 240 21 294.4 294.5 279.7 296.3 0.58 27 696 2952 -7.1 -25.1 22 18.0 -11.3 240 21 295.1 295.2 280.2 297.4 0.71 28 693 2985 -7.1 -23.1 27 16.0 -11.0 240 21 295.5 295.6 280.6 298.2 0.86 29 689 3030 -7.1 -25.1 22 18.0 -11.3 240 21 296.0 296.1 280.6 298.3 0.72 30 682 3109 -7.5 -26.5 20 19.0 -11.8 242 22 296.4 296.5 280.7 298.5 0.64 31 658 3387 -9.5 -26.5 24 17.0 -13.2 251 25 297.2 297.3 281.0 299.3 0.67 32 632 3696 -11.7 -20.7 47 9.0 -14.0 260 28 298.1 298.3 282.1 301.8 1.16 33 621 3830 -12.5 -22.5 43 10.0 -14.9 257 29 298.7 298.9 282.1 301.9 1.01 34 586 4269 -15.7 -23.7 50 8.0 -17.4 260 35 300.0 300.1 282.6 303.1 0.96 35 581 4334 -16.3 -24.3 50 8.0 -18.0 261 37 300.0 300.2 282.6 303.0 0.92 36 579 4360 -16.5 -24.5 50 8.0 -18.2 261 37 300.1 300.2 282.6 303.0 0.91 37 573 4438 -16.9 -21.9 65 5.0 -18.0 263 40 300.5 300.7 283.1 304.2 1.16 38 552 4717 -17.9 -20.2 82 2.3 -18.4 267 49 302.5 302.8 284.2 307.0 1.39 39 539 4894 -18.9 -20.7 86 1.8 -19.3 270 55 303.4 303.7 284.5 307.8 1.36 40 536 4936 -19.1 -20.6 88 1.5 -19.5 270 55 303.7 303.9 284.6 308.1 1.38 41 535 4950 -18.7 -20.8 83 2.1 -19.2 270 56 304.3 304.5 284.8 308.7 1.36 42 526 5076 -19.3 -24.1 66 4.8 -20.3 270 57 305.1 305.2 284.7 308.4 1.04 43 519 5175 -20.1 -25.1 64 5.0 -21.1 270 58 305.3 305.4 284.7 308.4 0.96 44 500 5450 -22.3 -27.1 65 4.8 -23.2 270 60 305.9 306.0 284.8 308.6 0.83 45 477 5796 -25.5 -27.2 86 1.7 -25.8 273 63 306.0 306.2 284.9 308.9 0.86 46 466 5965 -26.1 -30.0 70 3.9 -26.7 274 64 307.3 307.5 285.2 309.6 0.68 47 456 6123 -27.1 -30.3 74 3.2 -27.6 275 65 308.0 308.1 285.4 310.3 0.67 48 454 6155 -27.1 -30.6 72 3.5 -27.6 275 66 308.4 308.5 285.5 310.6 0.66 49 452 6187 -26.9 -31.1 68 4.2 -27.5 275 67 309.0 309.2 285.8 311.2 0.63 50 445 6300 -27.7 -32.7 62 5.0 -28.4 274 69 309.4 309.5 285.8 311.3 0.55 51 422 6680 -30.7 -33.7 75 3.0 -31.1 272 76 310.3 310.4 286.1 312.1 0.53 52 400 7060 -33.7 -38.0 65 4.3 -34.1 270 83 311.2 311.3 286.2 312.5 0.36 53 377 7473 -36.3 -43.3 48 7.0 -36.8 277 87 313.1 313.1 286.7 313.9 0.22 54 362 7754 -38.1 -43.1 59 5.0 -38.5 280 90 314.3 314.4 287.1 315.2 0.23 55 300 9020 -47.9 -52.9 56 5.0 -48.1 280 108 317.8 317.9 288.2 318.2 0.09 56 250 10190 -56.9 -64.9 36 8.0 -57.0 275 103 321.5 321.5 289.2 321.6 0.02 57 244 10344 -57.7 -66.7 31 9.0 -57.8 275 107 322.5 322.5 289.5 322.6 0.02 58 234 10609 -57.2 -69.5 19 12.4 -57.3 280 118 327.2 327.2 290.9 327.3 0.01 59 200 11610 -55.1 -80.1 3 25.0 -55.4 275 85 345.5 345.5 295.6 345.5 0.00 60 150 13460 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -53.0 270 71 379.6 379.6 302.2 379.6 0.00 61 100 16020 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.0 265 60 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 62 87 16890 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 269 49 427.1 427.1 308.5 427.1 0.00 63 70 18250 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.7 260 37 457.5 457.5 311.5 457.5 0.00 64 69 18340 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.7 269 45 459.4 459.4 311.7 459.4 0.00 65 60 19208 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -61.7 250 35 473.7 473.7 313.0 473.7 0.00 66 58 19418 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.5 254 32 483.7 483.7 313.7 483.7 0.00 67 53 19984 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.2 264 26 499.6 499.6 314.9 499.6 0.00 68 50 20350 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.4 270 22 505.2 505.2 315.3 505.2 0.00 69 49 20477 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.6 270 22 507.6 507.6 315.5 507.6 0.00 70 44 21153 -58.3 -89.3 1 31.0 -59.1 249 29 524.9 524.9 316.6 525.0 0.00 71 43 21298 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -57.5 254 30 532.8 532.8 317.1 532.8 0.00 72 41 21599 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.0 259 34 536.1 536.1 317.3 536.2 0.00 73 38 22080 -55.7 -88.7 1 33.0 -56.9 267 32 554.0 554.0 318.3 554.1 0.00 74 33 22971 -59.3 -90.3 1 31.0 -60.2 278 21 567.3 567.3 319.0 567.3 0.00 75 31 23364 -57.7 -89.7 1 32.0 -58.9 273 18 581.9 581.9 319.8 581.9 0.00 76 30 23570 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.9 250 10 584.1 584.1 319.9 584.1 0.00 77 28 24002 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -61.6 237 15 590.7 590.7 320.2 590.7 0.00 78 27 24230 -58.1 -90.1 1 32.0 -59.3 223 16 604.2 604.2 320.8 604.2 0.00 79 25 24714 -59.5 -89.5 1 30.0 -60.6 306 7 613.6 613.6 321.2 613.6 0.01 80 21 25810 -57.9 -89.9 1 32.0 -59.5 311 11 649.8 649.8 322.7 649.8 0.01 81 20 26120 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -57.3 350 23 667.5 667.5 323.3 667.6 0.01 82 19 26448 -55.3 -88.3 1 33.0 -57.5 342 22 676.8 676.8 323.7 676.8 0.01 83 18 26795 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -56.4 331 16 692.4 692.4 324.2 692.4 0.01 84 17 27162 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -57.5 330 17 699.9 699.9 324.4 700.0 0.01 85 16 27551 -52.9 -87.9 1 35.0 -56.1 6 13 718.7 718.7 325.0 718.8 0.01 86 15 27967 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -56.8 41 10 729.4 729.4 325.3 729.5 0.01 87 14 28415 -50.1 -87.1 1 37.0 -54.5 133 2 756.2 756.2 326.1 756.3 0.01 88 12 29425 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -54.4 315 13 793.8 793.8 327.1 793.9 0.02 89 11 29997 -48.9 -85.9 1 37.0 -54.5 284 12 814.5 814.5 327.6 814.7 0.02 90 11 29997 -45.7 -84.7 0 39.0 -52.7 284 12 826.1 826.1 327.8 826.4 0.03 91 10 30630 -47.5 -85.5 1 38.0 -54.1 110 6 842.2 842.3 328.2 842.5 0.03 92 9.4 31036 -50.1 -86.1 1 36.0 -55.8 98 8 847.4 847.4 328.4 847.6 0.03 93 8.7 31542 -49.5 -86.5 1 37.0 -55.7 83 10 868.7 868.7 328.8 868.9 0.03 94 8.3 31849 -51.1 -87.1 1 36.0 -56.8 73 12 874.2 874.2 328.9 874.4 0.02 95 7.5 32508 -50.5 -86.5 1 36.0 -56.8 54 15 902.3 902.3 329.5 902.6 0.03 96 7.4 32596 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -56.1 51 15 911.5 911.5 329.7 911.8 0.03 97 7.0 32960 -49.9 -86.9 1 37.0 -56.7 40 17 922.8 922.8 329.8 923.1 0.03 98 6.8 33149 -50.7 -86.7 1 36.0 -57.2 927.1 927.1 329.9 927.4 0.03 99 6.6 33344 -49.7 -86.7 1 37.0 -56.8 939.3 939.3 330.1 939.6 0.03 TRP 244 10344 -57.7 -66.7 31 9.0 -57.8 275 107 322.5 322.5 289.5 322.6 0.02 WND 234 10609 -57.2 -69.5 19 12.4 -57.3 280 118 327.2 327.2 290.9 327.3 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5319.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.31 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 57.05 % Est. max temperature: 2.96 C = 37.33 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 978.10 mb = 303.38 m = 995.34 ft T: -2.50 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.90 C/km ThetaE index: 2.26 C Layer 804.0- 786.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 914.51 mb = 836.57 m = 2744.62 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.73 g/kg Conv temperature: 0.34 C = 32.61 F Cap Strength: 20.66 C Lifted Index: 20.81 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 26.08 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.59 C Showalter Index: 19.34 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 26.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.20 C Cross Totals Index: 13.20 C K Index: -15.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 120.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.41 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 12.23 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.95 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 63133.45 J/kg Cap Strength: 20.73 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 925.87 mb = 739.53 m = 2426.25 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 293 at 24 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 989 215 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 113 24 -22.5 9.6 1 941 610 215 8 4.6 6.6 | 132 24 -17.9 16.2 2 925 747 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 136 19 -13.4 13.9 3 905 914 250 16 15.0 5.5 | 154 17 -7.4 15.1 4 871 1219 255 25 24.1 6.5 | 186 16 1.7 16.1 5 850 1407 255 30 29.0 7.8 | 201 19 6.5 17.4 6 837 1524 260 31 30.5 5.4 | 208 17 8.1 15.0 7 805 1829 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 189 10 1.5 9.6 8 774 2134 250 20 18.8 6.8 | 167 17 -3.7 16.5 9 744 2438 250 14 13.2 4.8 | 147 17 -9.3 14.4 10 715 2743 250 18 16.9 6.2 | 161 17 -5.5 15.8 11 700 2907 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 168 21 -4.3 20.1 12 687 3048 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 168 21 -4.3 20.1 13 634 3658 260 28 27.6 4.9 | 199 15 5.1 14.5 14 609 3962 255 29 28.0 7.5 | 198 18 5.6 17.1 15 585 4267 260 35 34.5 6.1 | 217 20 12.0 15.7 16 539 4877 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 254 34 32.5 9.6 17 500 5450 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 256 39 37.5 9.6 18 457 6096 275 65 64.8 -5.7 | 265 42 42.3 4.0 19 400 7060 270 83 83.0 -0.0 | 261 61 60.5 9.6 20 368 7620 280 88 86.7 -15.3 | 275 64 64.2 -5.6 21 300 9020 280 108 106.4 -18.8 | 276 84 83.9 -9.1 22 294 9144 280 108 106.4 -18.8 | 276 84 83.9 -9.1 23 281 9449 280 111 109.3 -19.3 | 276 87 86.9 -9.6 24 250 10190 275 103 102.6 -9.0 | 270 80 80.2 0.7 25 244 10344 275 107 106.6 -9.3 | 270 84 84.1 0.3 26 243 10363 275 103 102.6 -9.0 | 270 80 80.2 0.7 27 234 10609 280 118 116.2 -20.5 | 277 94 93.8 -10.9 28 232 10668 280 118 116.2 -20.5 | 277 94 93.8 -10.9 29 200 11610 275 85 84.7 -7.4 | 268 62 62.2 2.2 30 192 11887 275 85 84.7 -7.4 | 268 62 62.2 2.2 31 183 12192 270 89 89.0 -0.0 | 262 67 66.5 9.6 32 150 13460 270 71 71.0 -0.0 | 259 49 48.5 9.6 33 131 14326 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 247 37 34.3 14.6 34 119 14935 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 250 46 43.3 15.4 35 113 15240 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 252 32 30.5 9.6 36 108 15545 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 233 30 23.8 17.8 37 103 15850 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 249 42 39.3 15.0 38 100 16020 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 248 40 37.3 14.9 39 98 16154 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 248 40 37.3 14.9 40 85 17069 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 248 25 23.5 9.6 41 77 17678 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 221 21 14.0 16.1 42 73 17983 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 218 25 15.2 19.7 43 70 18250 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 221 21 14.0 16.1 44 70 18288 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 248 25 23.5 9.6 45 60 19202 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 206 24 10.4 21.6 46 50 20350 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 177 10 -0.5 9.6 47 47 20726 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 171 10 -1.5 9.6 48 45 21031 245 29 26.3 12.3 | 190 22 3.8 21.9 49 43 21336 255 30 29.0 7.8 | 201 19 6.5 17.4 50 39 21946 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 232 21 16.4 13.0 51 37 22250 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 183 10 0.5 9.6 52 32 23165 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 163 6 -1.8 6.0 53 30 23470 270 17 17.0 -0.0 | 150 11 -5.5 9.6 54 30 23570 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 135 18 -13.1 13.1 55 29 23774 290 14 13.2 -4.8 | 118 10 -9.3 4.8 56 28 24079 220 15 9.6 11.5 | 149 25 -12.8 21.1 57 26 24384 225 16 11.3 11.3 | 152 24 -11.1 20.9 58 25 24689 310 5 3.8 -3.2 | 109 20 -18.6 6.4 59 24 24994 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 177 12 -0.5 11.6 60 23 25298 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 220 6 4.1 4.9 61 22 25603 325 14 8.0 -11.5 | 83 15 -14.4 -1.8 62 21 25908 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 105 15 -14.3 3.9 63 20 26120 350 23 4.0 -22.7 | 55 23 -18.5 -13.0 64 20 26213 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 112 14 -13.4 5.4 65 19 26518 355 25 2.2 -24.9 | 53 25 -20.3 -15.3 66 18 26822 330 16 8.0 -13.9 | 74 15 -14.5 -4.2 67 17 27127 325 18 10.3 -14.7 | 67 13 -12.1 -5.1 68 16 27432 355 14 1.2 -13.9 | 79 22 -21.2 -4.3 69 15 28042 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 95 30 -29.5 2.6 70 14 28346 115 1 -0.9 0.4 | 113 25 -23.4 10.1 71 12 29261 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 119 15 -12.8 7.0 72 12 29566 335 15 6.3 -13.6 | 76 17 -16.1 -4.0 73 11 30175 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 133 16 -11.5 10.6 74 10 30630 110 6 -5.6 2.1 | 113 30 -28.1 11.7 75 7 32960 40 17 -10.9 -13.0 | 84 34 -33.4 -3.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 263.2 at 32.6 knts Storm direction: 293.2 at 24.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.2 neg: 2.2 tot: 5.5 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 62.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 190.0 neg: -61.4 tot: 128.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 42.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.32 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.6 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.11 Bulk Shear: 112.56 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 220 5 125 24| 0.0 9.8 9.8| 52.4 -6.6 45.8 91.6 0.50| 17.1 8.5 1000 245 11 139 19| 8.2 4.9 13.1|118.7 -6.6 112.1 112.1 0.70| 16.8 11.9 1500 253 17 157 16| 6.4 3.3 9.7|149.5 -13.7 135.8 90.6 0.61| 15.7 9.5 2000 255 18 162 15| 4.8 2.5 7.3|149.5 -43.9 105.6 52.8 0.33| 15.1 4.9 2500 254 18 160 15| 3.9 2.0 5.8|163.5 -61.4 102.2 40.9 0.28| 13.5 3.8 3000 252 18 162 16| 3.2 2.2 5.5|190.0 -61.4 128.6 42.9 0.32| 12.6 4.1 4000 253 21 171 16| 4.1 1.7 5.7|248.4 -62.7 185.7 46.4 0.40| 11.4 4.6 5000 259 26 193 15| 5.9 1.3 7.2|372.8 -62.7 310.2 62.0 0.47| 11.8 5.5 6000 263 33 216 17| 5.8 1.1 6.9|446.3 -65.7 380.6 63.4 0.48| 10.8 5.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251203.12.gif