UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120300.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 3 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 3 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 112 SFC 987 215 -0.9 -3.3 84 2.4 -1.8 340 4 273.3 273.8 272.1 281.5 3.03 2 985 231 -1.3 -2.0 95 0.7 -1.6 341 4 273.0 273.6 272.3 282.1 3.35 3 952 502 -3.7 -3.9 99 0.2 -3.8 5 11 273.3 273.8 272.0 281.5 3.00 4 938 619 -4.5 -5.0 96 0.5 -4.7 15 13 273.6 274.1 271.9 281.3 2.81 5 925 729 -5.3 -7.6 84 2.3 -6.0 20 15 273.9 274.3 271.4 280.3 2.33 6 924 738 -5.3 -8.0 81 2.7 -6.2 19 15 274.0 274.4 271.3 280.2 2.26 7 913 831 -6.3 -7.4 92 1.1 -6.7 12 14 273.9 274.3 271.4 280.5 2.40 8 910 857 -6.3 -6.3 100 0.0 -6.3 10 14 274.1 274.6 271.9 281.4 2.62 9 850 1388 -9.7 -9.7 100 0.0 -9.7 25 9 276.0 276.3 272.3 282.0 2.15 10 813 1730 -12.7 -12.7 100 0.0 -12.7 354 11 276.3 276.6 271.9 281.4 1.77 11 806 1796 -12.5 -13.5 92 1.0 -12.8 348 11 277.2 277.5 272.3 282.0 1.67 12 801 1843 -11.9 -16.0 72 4.1 -12.9 344 11 278.4 278.6 272.5 282.3 1.37 13 787 1978 -11.7 -16.7 66 5.0 -12.9 328 15 280.0 280.2 273.3 283.8 1.31 14 777 2076 -12.1 -18.1 61 6.0 -13.5 317 17 280.6 280.8 273.5 284.1 1.18 15 763 2215 -12.3 -16.5 71 4.2 -13.3 314 20 281.8 282.1 274.5 285.9 1.38 16 759 2255 -12.3 -18.3 61 6.0 -13.7 316 20 282.3 282.5 274.5 285.8 1.19 17 749 2357 -12.9 -17.9 66 5.0 -14.1 321 20 282.7 282.9 274.8 286.4 1.25 18 738 2469 -13.1 -19.1 61 6.0 -14.5 324 21 283.7 283.9 275.1 287.1 1.14 19 726 2594 -12.9 -18.9 61 6.0 -14.3 320 22 285.2 285.4 276.0 288.8 1.18 20 718 2679 -12.9 -20.9 51 8.0 -14.7 317 22 286.1 286.3 276.2 289.2 1.01 21 700 2872 -14.1 -21.1 55 7.0 -15.6 310 24 286.9 287.0 276.6 290.0 1.01 22 672 3181 -15.9 -20.8 66 4.9 -17.0 307 23 288.2 288.4 277.4 291.5 1.08 23 665 3259 -16.3 -22.3 60 6.0 -17.6 306 22 288.6 288.8 277.4 291.6 0.96 24 664 3271 -16.5 -23.5 55 7.0 -17.9 306 22 288.5 288.7 277.3 291.2 0.87 25 661 3305 -15.9 -28.9 32 13.0 -18.1 306 22 289.6 289.7 277.3 291.3 0.53 26 660 3316 -15.9 -28.9 32 13.0 -18.1 305 22 289.7 289.8 277.3 291.4 0.53 27 653 3397 -15.9 -32.9 22 17.0 -18.5 304 23 290.6 290.7 277.6 291.8 0.37 28 640 3548 -16.5 -34.5 20 18.0 -19.1 302 26 291.6 291.6 278.0 292.6 0.32 29 622 3762 -17.9 -35.9 19 18.0 -20.3 298 28 292.4 292.4 278.3 293.3 0.29 30 615 3846 -16.7 -49.7 4 33.0 -19.9 295 27 294.7 294.7 279.0 294.9 0.07 31 601 4019 -16.5 -54.5 2 38.0 -19.9 291 27 296.9 296.9 280.0 297.0 0.04 32 591 4146 -15.5 -54.5 2 39.0 -19.2 288 26 299.5 299.5 281.1 299.6 0.04 33 554 4632 -17.5 -49.5 4 32.0 -20.8 275 29 302.7 302.7 282.6 303.0 0.08 34 500 5390 -23.9 -39.9 21 16.0 -25.7 280 32 303.9 303.9 283.3 304.7 0.24 35 480 5686 -26.1 -40.1 26 14.0 -27.6 270 32 304.8 304.8 283.7 305.6 0.24 36 447 6197 -28.3 -49.3 12 21.0 -29.9 265 33 308.3 308.3 284.8 308.6 0.10 37 400 6980 -35.5 -47.5 28 12.0 -36.2 260 37 308.9 308.9 285.1 309.3 0.13 38 379 7353 -39.3 -49.3 34 10.0 -39.8 254 36 308.6 308.7 284.9 309.1 0.11 39 364 7629 -41.3 -52.3 29 11.0 -41.8 250 35 309.6 309.6 285.2 309.9 0.08 40 362 7666 -41.5 -53.5 26 12.0 -42.0 249 36 309.8 309.8 285.3 310.0 0.07 41 361 7685 -41.3 -55.3 21 14.0 -41.8 249 36 310.3 310.3 285.5 310.5 0.06 42 354 7818 -41.5 -60.5 11 19.0 -42.1 247 38 311.8 311.8 286.0 311.9 0.03 43 347 7953 -42.1 -62.1 10 20.0 -42.7 245 40 312.7 312.7 286.4 312.8 0.03 44 330 8292 -44.9 -59.9 17 15.0 -45.3 251 44 313.4 313.4 286.6 313.6 0.04 45 326 8373 -44.9 -63.9 10 19.0 -45.4 252 44 314.5 314.5 286.9 314.6 0.02 46 320 8498 -44.1 -69.1 5 25.0 -44.7 254 46 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.3 0.01 47 300 8930 -45.3 -71.3 4 26.0 -45.9 260 51 321.5 321.5 289.2 321.5 0.01 48 288 9203 -45.7 -70.7 4 25.0 -46.2 255 51 324.7 324.7 290.2 324.8 0.01 49 270 9631 -48.3 -70.3 6 22.0 -48.7 253 55 327.0 327.0 290.9 327.0 0.01 50 267 9705 -47.7 -71.7 5 24.0 -48.1 252 55 328.9 328.9 291.4 328.9 0.01 51 261 9855 -47.9 -71.9 5 24.0 -48.4 251 57 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.8 0.01 52 260 9880 -47.3 -72.3 4 25.0 -47.8 251 57 332.0 332.0 292.3 332.0 0.01 53 250 10140 -47.9 -73.9 3 26.0 -48.4 250 59 334.9 334.9 293.0 334.9 0.01 54 215 11131 -49.9 -77.9 2 28.0 -50.4 253 59 346.5 346.5 295.8 346.5 0.00 55 200 11600 -53.3 -79.3 3 26.0 -53.7 250 71 348.4 348.4 296.3 348.4 0.00 56 191 11894 -54.9 -79.9 3 25.0 -55.2 250 79 350.4 350.4 296.7 350.4 0.00 57 186 12063 -53.5 -82.5 2 29.0 -53.8 253 83 355.3 355.3 297.8 355.4 0.00 58 183 12166 -53.8 -82.7 2 28.9 -54.1 255 85 356.6 356.6 298.0 356.6 0.00 59 160 13020 -55.9 -83.9 2 28.0 -56.2 265 73 366.9 366.9 300.0 366.9 0.00 60 150 13430 -54.9 -83.9 2 29.0 -55.3 270 67 375.5 375.5 301.5 375.5 0.00 61 100 16010 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -60.2 260 45 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 62 95 16329 -60.3 -87.3 2 27.0 -60.6 263 48 417.3 417.3 307.4 417.3 0.00 63 84 17094 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.3 267 44 433.1 433.1 309.1 433.1 0.00 64 80 17400 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 260 44 444.1 444.1 310.3 444.1 0.00 65 79 17479 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 260 44 445.7 445.7 310.4 445.7 0.00 66 70 18240 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.6 260 43 460.1 460.1 311.8 460.1 0.00 67 68 18422 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.2 261 43 460.5 460.5 311.8 460.5 0.00 68 63 18900 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 267 45 468.9 468.9 312.5 468.9 0.00 69 61 19103 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.3 269 46 479.4 479.4 313.4 479.5 0.00 70 59 19313 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.5 274 44 483.6 483.6 313.7 483.6 0.00 71 56 19646 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -55.1 273 38 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.6 0.00 72 51 20244 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.2 270 33 507.9 507.9 315.5 507.9 0.00 73 50 20370 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -56.5 260 29 512.7 512.7 315.8 512.7 0.00 74 48 20631 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.1 260 30 522.5 522.5 316.5 522.5 0.00 75 36 22449 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.7 279 24 551.8 551.8 318.2 551.8 0.00 76 33 22994 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.2 299 17 570.5 570.5 319.2 570.5 0.00 77 30 23590 -60.9 -89.9 1 29.0 -61.7 235 14 578.6 578.6 319.6 578.6 0.00 78 29 23802 -61.1 -90.1 1 29.0 -61.9 244 10 583.7 583.7 319.9 583.7 0.00 79 27 24249 -60.1 -90.1 1 30.0 -61.1 247 13 598.6 598.6 320.5 598.6 0.00 80 25 24735 -57.3 -89.3 1 32.0 -58.7 258 16 619.9 619.9 321.5 620.0 0.01 81 24 24993 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.3 321 15 625.5 625.5 321.7 625.5 0.01 82 20 26150 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -58.7 300 14 662.0 662.0 323.2 662.1 0.01 83 19 26473 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.8 292 14 668.1 668.1 323.3 668.1 0.01 84 17 27183 -51.5 -86.5 1 35.0 -54.9 18 12 710.8 710.8 324.8 710.9 0.01 85 14 28437 -53.1 -87.1 1 34.0 -56.5 328 15 746.0 746.0 325.8 746.1 0.01 86 14 28437 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.8 328 15 749.4 749.4 325.9 749.5 0.02 87 12 29440 -49.5 -85.5 1 36.0 -54.6 346 11 792.4 792.4 327.1 792.5 0.02 88 10 30630 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -55.8 350 17 831.0 831.1 328.0 831.3 0.03 89 8.1 32007 -49.5 -85.5 1 36.0 -55.9 886.6 886.6 329.2 886.9 0.03 90 7.1 32867 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -57.3 914.1 914.1 329.7 914.4 0.03 TRP 191 11894 -54.9 -79.9 3 25.0 -55.2 250 79 350.4 350.4 296.7 350.4 0.00 WND 183 12166 -53.8 -82.7 2 28.9 -54.1 255 85 356.6 356.6 298.0 356.6 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5278.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.27 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 51.51 % Est. max temperature: 1.93 C = 35.47 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 950.53 mb = 514.21 m = 1687.04 ft T: -3.78 C 700-500 lapse rate: 3.89 C/km ThetaE index: 1.87 C Layer 952.0- 913.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 923.48 mb = 741.88 m = 2433.96 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.78 g/kg Conv temperature: -0.20 C = 31.63 F Cap Strength: 18.87 C Lifted Index: 18.97 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 28.51 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 7.56 C Showalter Index: 18.44 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 28.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 14.20 C Cross Totals Index: 14.20 C K Index: -2.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 50.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.78 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 6.99 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.74 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.21 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.96 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 927.00 mb = 712.01 m = 2335.96 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 912.00 mb = 840.08 m = 2756.13 ft Equ Level (EL): 902.00 mb = 925.98 m = 3037.96 ft B at Equ Level: 6.78 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 822.00 mb = 1645.13 m = 5397.34 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 327 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 987 215 340 4 1.4 -3.8 | 143 13 -7.8 10.2 1 939 610 15 13 -3.4 -12.6 | 97 13 -12.5 1.4 2 925 729 20 15 -5.1 -14.1 | 90 14 -14.3 -0.1 3 903 914 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 96 10 -10.3 1.0 4 869 1219 10 9 -1.6 -8.9 | 116 12 -10.7 5.1 5 850 1388 25 9 -3.8 -8.2 | 114 14 -12.9 5.8 6 802 1829 345 11 2.8 -10.6 | 118 7 -6.3 3.4 7 771 2134 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 252 6 5.4 1.8 8 741 2438 325 21 12.0 -17.2 | 318 4 2.9 -3.2 9 712 2743 315 22 15.6 -15.6 | 284 7 6.4 -1.6 10 700 2872 310 24 18.4 -15.4 | 279 9 9.3 -1.4 11 656 3353 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 261 9 8.9 1.4 12 630 3658 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 270 15 15.1 -0.0 13 581 4267 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 246 18 16.0 7.3 14 558 4572 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 240 23 19.8 11.5 15 535 4877 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 243 25 21.8 11.3 16 500 5390 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 249 24 22.4 8.4 17 493 5486 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 249 24 22.4 8.4 18 473 5791 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 234 28 22.8 16.8 19 453 6096 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 234 28 22.8 16.8 20 416 6706 265 38 37.9 3.3 | 239 34 28.7 17.3 21 400 6980 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 233 34 27.3 20.4 22 364 7620 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 222 35 23.8 26.0 23 348 7925 245 40 36.3 16.9 | 221 41 27.1 30.9 24 304 8839 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 240 45 39.1 22.5 25 300 8930 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 241 47 41.1 22.8 26 290 9144 255 51 49.3 13.2 | 236 48 40.1 27.2 27 250 10140 250 59 55.4 20.2 | 234 58 46.3 34.2 28 220 10973 250 64 60.1 21.9 | 235 62 51.0 35.9 29 210 11278 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 237 51 43.0 28.0 30 201 11582 245 62 56.2 26.2 | 230 62 47.1 40.2 31 200 11600 250 71 66.7 24.3 | 236 69 57.6 38.3 32 191 11894 250 79 74.2 27.0 | 238 77 65.1 41.0 33 183 12166 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 244 81 73.0 36.0 34 182 12192 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 244 81 73.0 36.0 35 150 13430 270 67 67.0 -0.0 | 256 60 57.9 14.0 36 137 14021 275 54 53.8 -4.7 | 258 46 44.7 9.3 37 130 14326 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 251 42 39.9 14.0 38 118 14935 250 51 47.9 17.4 | 231 50 38.8 31.4 39 113 15240 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 249 39 36.9 14.0 40 108 15545 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 254 36 34.7 10.1 41 100 16010 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 238 41 35.2 21.8 42 98 16154 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 238 41 35.2 21.8 43 93 16459 265 51 50.8 4.4 | 246 46 41.7 18.4 44 89 16764 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 254 37 35.7 10.1 45 80 17374 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 238 40 34.2 21.6 46 70 18240 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 237 40 33.2 21.5 47 69 18288 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 237 39 32.2 21.3 48 60 19202 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 249 39 36.9 14.0 49 57 19507 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 257 31 30.3 7.0 50 55 19812 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 237 32 26.7 17.1 51 52 20117 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 255 29 28.3 7.4 52 50 20370 260 29 28.6 5.0 | 226 27 19.4 19.0 53 47 20726 260 30 29.5 5.2 | 227 28 20.4 19.2 54 43 21336 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 207 19 8.6 17.1 55 41 21641 300 21 18.2 -10.5 | 249 10 9.1 3.5 56 37 22250 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 218 18 10.9 14.0 57 35 22555 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 248 18 17.0 7.0 58 32 23165 305 13 10.6 -7.5 | 193 7 1.5 6.5 59 31 23470 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 174 21 -2.0 21.1 60 30 23590 235 14 11.5 8.0 | 186 22 2.3 22.0 61 29 23774 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 180 18 -0.1 18.2 62 28 24079 235 14 11.5 8.0 | 186 22 2.3 22.0 63 26 24384 255 12 11.6 3.1 | 188 17 2.5 17.1 64 25 24689 245 16 14.5 6.8 | 195 21 5.4 20.7 65 24 24994 320 15 9.6 -11.5 | 192 3 0.5 2.5 66 23 25298 5 11 -1.0 -11.0 | 107 11 -10.1 3.0 67 21 25908 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 183 12 0.7 12.2 68 20 26150 300 14 12.1 -7.0 | 203 8 3.0 7.0 69 20 26213 305 12 9.8 -6.9 | 186 7 0.7 7.1 70 19 26518 290 14 13.2 -4.8 | 204 10 4.0 9.2 71 18 26822 330 11 5.5 -9.5 | 141 6 -3.6 4.5 72 17 27127 25 11 -4.6 -10.0 | 106 14 -13.8 4.0 73 16 27432 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 76 8 -7.7 -2.0 74 16 27737 345 23 6.0 -22.2 | 21 9 -3.2 -8.2 75 15 28042 320 20 12.9 -15.3 | 290 4 3.7 -1.3 76 14 28346 305 16 13.1 -9.2 | 220 6 4.0 4.8 77 14 28651 10 12 -2.1 -11.8 | 101 11 -11.2 2.2 78 12 29261 355 12 1.0 -12.0 | 104 8 -8.1 2.0 79 11 29870 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 150 7 -3.4 5.8 80 11 30175 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 124 8 -6.5 4.3 81 10 30630 350 17 3.0 -16.7 | 66 7 -6.2 -2.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 296.9 at 22.3 knts Storm direction: 326.9 at 16.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.3 neg: 3.8 tot: 6.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 123.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 24.7 neg: -44.1 tot: -19.4 m^2/s^2 ave: -6.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.01 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.4 stream: 0.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.11 Bulk Shear: 61.54 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 10 10 113 12| 12.3 0.0 12.3| 0.0 -31.4 -31.4 -62.8 -0.83| 12.9-10.8 1000 10 11 106 11| 6.1 3.1 9.2| 14.4 -31.4 -17.0 -17.0 -0.27| 10.6 -2.9 1500 11 10 109 12| 4.1 2.3 6.4| 14.9 -34.0 -19.1 -12.7 -0.22| 9.4 -2.1 2000 356 12 106 9| 3.1 4.9 7.9| 20.5 -34.0 -13.4 -6.7 0.05| 11.0 0.6 2500 344 13 101 6| 2.7 3.9 6.6| 24.7 -37.3 -12.7 -5.1 0.07| 10.2 0.7 3000 335 15 97 3| 2.3 3.8 6.1| 24.7 -44.1 -19.4 -6.5 0.01| 9.4 0.1 4000 320 18 262 2| 1.7 3.9 5.6| 28.8 -71.9 -43.1 -10.8 -0.07| 8.7 -0.6 5000 307 20 255 7| 1.5 3.7 5.2| 46.8 -84.5 -37.7 -7.5 -0.06| 8.0 -0.5 6000 297 22 250 11| 1.3 3.5 4.8| 57.7-133.9 -76.2 -12.7 -0.11| 7.6 -0.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251203.00.gif