UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120212.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 2 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 2 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 120 SFC 988 215 -4.3 -5.1 94 0.8 -4.6 90 7 269.8 270.2 269.2 276.9 2.64 2 973 335 -5.3 -6.2 93 0.9 -5.6 119 6 270.0 270.4 269.1 276.6 2.47 3 955 482 -4.7 -5.8 92 1.1 -5.1 154 4 272.0 272.4 270.6 279.1 2.59 4 925 733 -5.5 -6.6 92 1.1 -5.9 245 5 273.7 274.1 271.5 280.6 2.52 5 914 827 -5.7 -6.7 93 1.0 -6.0 235 6 274.4 274.8 271.9 281.4 2.53 6 870 1212 -7.7 -8.1 97 0.4 -7.8 244 14 276.2 276.6 272.8 282.9 2.38 7 850 1393 -9.1 -9.9 94 0.8 -9.4 250 7 276.6 277.0 272.6 282.6 2.12 8 818 1689 -10.1 -11.4 90 1.3 -10.5 225 10 278.6 278.9 273.5 284.2 1.95 9 817 1699 -10.3 -11.6 90 1.3 -10.7 226 10 278.5 278.8 273.4 284.0 1.92 10 801 1851 -9.5 -10.7 91 1.2 -9.9 232 16 280.9 281.3 275.1 287.0 2.11 11 782 2036 -10.9 -12.1 91 1.2 -11.2 247 15 281.4 281.7 275.0 286.9 1.93 12 764 2215 -11.1 -12.8 87 1.7 -11.6 247 14 283.0 283.3 275.9 288.5 1.87 13 714 2732 -13.5 -14.8 90 1.3 -13.9 230 11 285.9 286.2 277.1 290.9 1.70 14 700 2883 -12.3 -13.5 91 1.2 -12.6 235 26 288.9 289.2 278.9 294.6 1.93 15 690 2993 -12.1 -13.4 90 1.3 -12.5 242 29 290.3 290.6 279.6 296.2 1.97 16 657 3366 -14.1 -15.6 88 1.5 -14.5 245 35 292.1 292.4 280.1 297.4 1.73 17 625 3744 -14.9 -16.5 88 1.6 -15.3 246 41 295.4 295.7 281.6 300.6 1.68 18 608 3954 -13.1 -14.5 89 1.4 -13.5 247 48 299.8 300.2 283.8 306.2 2.04 19 579 4324 -15.5 -17.0 88 1.5 -15.9 250 59 301.2 301.6 284.1 306.7 1.74 20 552 4684 -16.5 -17.8 90 1.3 -16.9 247 67 304.2 304.5 285.2 309.6 1.71 21 503 5376 -21.3 -23.9 79 2.6 -21.8 240 77 306.5 306.8 285.4 310.2 1.10 22 500 5420 -21.7 -24.3 79 2.6 -22.2 240 78 306.6 306.8 285.4 310.1 1.07 23 478 5751 -23.9 -25.8 84 1.9 -24.2 238 80 307.8 308.0 285.7 311.1 0.98 24 445 6270 -27.7 -30.4 78 2.7 -28.1 235 86 309.4 309.5 285.9 311.7 0.68 25 429 6533 -29.7 -32.5 77 2.8 -30.1 235 90 310.1 310.2 286.1 312.1 0.58 26 426 6583 -30.1 -32.5 80 2.4 -30.4 235 91 310.2 310.3 286.1 312.2 0.59 27 400 7030 -33.1 -36.5 71 3.4 -33.5 235 99 312.0 312.0 286.5 313.4 0.42 28 387 7261 -34.9 -38.8 68 3.9 -35.3 231 100 312.6 312.6 286.6 313.8 0.34 29 376 7460 -36.5 -39.7 72 3.2 -36.8 228 100 313.0 313.1 286.8 314.2 0.32 30 345 8049 -40.9 -44.8 66 3.9 -41.2 226 106 314.9 314.9 287.3 315.6 0.20 31 340 8148 -41.7 -45.7 65 4.0 -41.9 227 109 315.1 315.1 287.3 315.8 0.19 32 333 8288 -43.3 -46.4 71 3.1 -43.5 228 113 314.8 314.8 287.2 315.5 0.18 33 321 8533 -45.1 -48.5 69 3.4 -45.3 231 121 315.6 315.7 287.5 316.2 0.15 34 319 8575 -45.5 -50.0 60 4.5 -45.7 231 122 315.6 315.7 287.5 316.1 0.12 35 308 8807 -47.5 -51.0 67 3.5 -47.6 233 129 316.0 316.0 287.6 316.4 0.11 36 304 8893 -48.1 -54.1 50 6.0 -48.3 234 131 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.7 0.08 37 301 8958 -48.7 -55.7 44 7.0 -48.9 235 133 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.7 0.07 38 300 8980 -49.1 -55.1 50 6.0 -49.3 235 134 316.1 316.2 287.6 316.4 0.07 39 294 9113 -50.1 -57.1 43 7.0 -50.3 235 134 316.6 316.6 287.7 316.8 0.06 40 291 9180 -50.9 -55.7 57 4.8 -51.0 235 134 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.6 0.07 41 275 9546 -54.5 -58.7 60 4.2 -54.6 235 136 316.3 316.3 287.6 316.5 0.05 42 272 9616 -55.1 -60.1 54 5.0 -55.2 235 136 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.6 0.04 43 253 10075 -59.5 -62.8 65 3.3 -59.6 235 138 316.5 316.5 287.6 316.7 0.03 44 252 10100 -59.7 -63.3 63 3.6 -59.7 235 138 316.6 316.6 287.6 316.7 0.03 45 250 10150 -59.5 -64.0 56 4.5 -59.6 235 142 317.6 317.6 288.0 317.7 0.03 46 247 10226 -58.8 -66.1 38 7.3 -58.9 240 144 319.8 319.8 288.7 319.9 0.02 47 241 10381 -57.3 -70.3 18 13.0 -57.5 240 143 324.3 324.3 290.0 324.3 0.01 48 225 10815 -56.9 -73.9 10 17.0 -57.1 242 128 331.3 331.3 292.1 331.3 0.01 49 200 11560 -57.5 -77.5 6 20.0 -57.7 245 107 341.7 341.7 294.7 341.7 0.00 50 180 12222 -58.5 -80.5 4 22.0 -58.7 249 96 350.5 350.5 296.7 350.5 0.00 51 161 12924 -56.9 -82.9 2 26.0 -57.2 253 84 364.6 364.6 299.6 364.6 0.00 52 150 13370 -57.5 -84.5 2 27.0 -57.8 255 76 371.0 371.0 300.8 371.0 0.00 53 126 14466 -59.5 -85.5 2 26.0 -59.7 259 68 386.4 386.4 303.2 386.4 0.00 54 104 15673 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.7 268 63 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 55 100 15920 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -58.9 270 63 414.7 414.7 307.1 414.7 0.00 56 98 16047 -58.7 -86.7 2 28.0 -59.0 270 63 416.7 416.7 307.3 416.7 0.00 57 89 16652 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.3 270 52 429.9 430.0 308.9 430.0 0.00 58 87 16796 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -55.9 270 49 438.0 438.0 309.7 438.0 0.00 59 83 17097 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -55.2 270 43 445.5 445.5 310.4 445.6 0.00 60 73 17914 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.3 266 41 457.6 457.6 311.5 457.6 0.00 61 70 18180 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -56.4 275 36 465.2 465.2 312.3 465.2 0.00 62 60 19164 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -54.7 270 29 490.7 490.7 314.2 490.7 0.00 63 50 20330 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -56.1 305 27 513.6 513.6 315.9 513.6 0.00 64 47 20724 -55.5 -88.5 1 33.0 -56.5 297 21 521.8 521.8 316.4 521.9 0.00 65 45 21001 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -56.1 291 17 529.8 529.8 316.9 529.8 0.00 66 30 23560 -59.7 -90.7 1 31.0 -60.7 320 19 581.9 581.9 319.8 581.9 0.00 67 28 23992 -60.5 -90.5 1 30.0 -61.4 338 20 591.3 591.3 320.2 591.3 0.00 68 20 26110 -56.9 -89.9 1 33.0 -58.7 5 21 662.0 662.0 323.2 662.0 0.01 69 17 27141 -58.5 -90.5 1 32.0 -60.3 323 18 688.4 688.4 324.0 688.4 0.01 70 16 27526 -56.1 -90.1 1 34.0 -58.5 10 14 708.2 708.2 324.7 708.3 0.01 71 15 27938 -55.7 -89.7 1 34.0 -58.3 25 19 722.8 722.8 325.1 722.8 0.01 72 14 28384 -50.7 -87.7 0 37.0 -54.9 6 27 754.1 754.1 326.0 754.2 0.01 73 13 28866 -52.9 -87.9 1 35.0 -56.6 355 21 762.7 762.7 326.3 762.8 0.01 74 10 30570 -51.3 -87.3 1 36.0 -56.3 15 31 828.1 828.1 327.9 828.2 0.02 TRP 252 10100 -59.7 -63.3 63 3.6 -59.7 235 138 316.6 316.6 287.6 316.7 0.03 WND 247 10226 -58.8 -66.1 38 7.3 -58.9 240 144 319.8 319.8 288.7 319.9 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5300.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.43 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 89.55 % Est. max temperature: 3.24 C = 37.84 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 975.41 mb = 315.93 m = 1036.49 ft T: -5.14 C 700-500 lapse rate: 3.71 C/km ThetaE index: 0.33 C Layer 850.0- 818.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 881.00 mb = 1114.24 m = 3655.59 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.53 g/kg Conv temperature: 1.67 C = 35.00 F Cap Strength: 22.45 C Lifted Index: 22.40 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.82 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.56 C Showalter Index: 20.20 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 24.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 12.60 C Cross Totals Index: 11.80 C K Index: 1.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 92.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.74 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 22.46 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.70 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70461.97 J/kg Cap Strength: 22.44 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 922.05 mb = 758.10 m = 2487.17 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 272 at 29 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 988 215 90 7 -7.0 0.0 | 91 36 -35.7 0.9 1 940 610 185 3 0.3 3.0 | 98 29 -28.4 3.9 2 925 733 245 5 4.5 2.1 | 97 24 -24.1 3.0 3 904 914 225 7 4.9 4.9 | 104 24 -23.7 5.8 4 869 1219 245 14 12.7 5.9 | 113 17 -16.0 6.8 5 850 1393 250 7 6.6 2.4 | 98 22 -22.1 3.3 6 836 1524 220 3 1.9 2.3 | 97 27 -26.7 3.2 7 803 1829 230 16 12.3 10.3 | 124 20 -16.4 11.2 8 772 2134 255 15 14.5 3.9 | 109 15 -14.2 4.8 9 742 2438 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 110 23 -21.6 7.9 10 713 2743 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 111 22 -20.3 7.9 11 700 2883 235 26 21.3 14.9 | 155 17 -7.4 15.8 12 685 3048 245 31 28.1 13.1 | 178 14 -0.6 14.0 13 632 3658 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 201 19 6.7 17.4 14 583 4267 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 231 33 25.8 20.7 15 537 4877 245 71 64.3 30.0 | 229 47 35.7 30.9 16 500 5420 240 78 67.5 39.0 | 224 56 38.9 39.9 17 455 6096 235 83 68.0 47.6 | 219 62 39.3 48.5 18 400 7030 235 99 81.1 56.8 | 222 78 52.4 57.7 19 367 7620 225 101 71.4 71.4 | 211 84 42.7 72.3 20 351 7925 225 103 72.8 72.8 | 211 86 44.2 73.7 21 300 8980 235 134 109.8 76.9 | 226 112 81.1 77.7 22 292 9144 235 134 109.8 76.9 | 226 112 81.1 77.7 23 252 10100 235 138 113.0 79.2 | 227 116 84.4 80.0 24 250 10150 235 142 116.3 81.4 | 227 120 87.6 82.3 25 247 10226 240 144 124.7 72.0 | 233 121 96.0 72.9 26 242 10363 240 144 124.7 72.0 | 233 121 96.0 72.9 27 209 11278 245 111 100.6 46.9 | 236 86 71.9 47.8 28 200 11560 245 107 97.0 45.2 | 236 82 68.3 46.1 29 150 13370 255 76 73.4 19.7 | 245 49 44.7 20.5 30 135 14021 255 71 68.6 18.4 | 244 44 39.9 19.2 31 111 15240 265 63 62.8 5.5 | 259 35 34.1 6.4 32 100 15920 270 63 63.0 -0.0 | 269 34 34.3 0.9 33 96 16154 270 63 63.0 -0.0 | 269 34 34.3 0.9 34 80 17374 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 264 8 8.3 0.9 35 72 17983 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 250 13 12.2 4.4 36 70 18180 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 287 8 7.2 -2.3 37 69 18288 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 321 11 7.1 -8.7 38 63 18898 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 266 11 11.3 0.9 39 57 19507 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 94 13 -12.7 0.9 40 52 20117 295 29 26.3 -12.3 | 12 12 -2.4 -11.4 41 50 20330 305 27 22.1 -15.5 | 24 16 -6.6 -14.6 42 45 21031 290 16 15.0 -5.5 | 71 14 -13.6 -4.6 43 43 21336 305 16 13.1 -9.2 | 62 18 -15.6 -8.3 44 41 21641 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 66 20 -18.0 -8.1 45 39 21946 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 78 20 -20.0 -4.1 46 37 22250 325 11 6.3 -9.0 | 70 24 -22.4 -8.1 47 35 22555 285 5 4.8 -1.3 | 89 24 -23.8 -0.4 48 32 23165 285 11 10.6 -2.8 | 84 18 -18.1 -2.0 49 30 23470 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 65 18 -16.4 -7.7 50 30 23560 320 19 12.2 -14.6 | 50 21 -16.5 -13.7 51 29 23774 320 19 12.2 -14.6 | 50 21 -16.5 -13.7 52 28 24079 345 20 5.2 -19.3 | 52 30 -23.5 -18.4 53 26 24384 340 21 7.2 -19.7 | 49 29 -21.5 -18.9 54 24 24994 30 13 -6.5 -11.3 | 74 37 -35.2 -10.4 55 22 25603 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 79 36 -35.1 -6.8 56 20 26110 5 21 -1.8 -20.9 | 57 37 -30.5 -20.0 57 20 26213 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 72 28 -26.9 -9.0 58 19 26518 5 21 -1.8 -20.9 | 57 37 -30.5 -20.0 59 17 27127 320 18 11.6 -13.8 | 53 21 -17.1 -12.9 60 16 27432 355 13 1.1 -13.0 | 66 30 -27.5 -12.1 61 16 27737 35 15 -8.6 -12.3 | 73 39 -37.3 -11.4 62 13 28651 355 32 2.8 -31.9 | 40 40 -25.9 -31.0 63 13 28956 355 18 1.6 -17.9 | 58 32 -27.1 -17.1 64 12 29261 30 11 -5.5 -9.5 | 76 35 -34.2 -8.7 65 12 29566 10 23 -4.0 -22.7 | 56 39 -32.7 -21.8 66 10 30570 15 31 -8.0 -29.9 | 52 47 -36.7 -29.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 241.7 at 38.3 knts Storm direction: 271.7 at 28.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 8.1 neg: 1.6 tot: 9.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 94.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 245.3 neg: -52.6 tot: 192.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 64.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.39 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 14.8 stream: 5.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.10 Bulk Shear: 215.57 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 129 5 97 33| 11.5 0.0 11.5| 40.1 -3.6 36.5 73.0 0.31| 13.2 4.1 1000 218 7 104 25| 10.5 0.0 10.5| 75.3 -3.6 71.7 71.7 0.42| 12.0 5.1 1500 228 7 103 24| 7.0 1.7 8.7|118.0 -33.6 84.4 56.2 0.26| 14.6 3.7 2000 234 9 106 22| 6.3 1.2 7.5|140.3 -50.1 90.2 45.1 0.20| 14.3 2.9 2500 234 9 107 22| 5.0 1.9 7.0|143.1 -52.6 90.5 36.2 0.18| 12.7 2.3 3000 237 12 112 20| 8.1 1.6 9.7|245.3 -52.6 192.7 64.2 0.39| 14.8 5.8 4000 242 20 133 15| 9.1 1.2 10.3|341.8 -52.6 289.3 72.3 0.46| 14.1 6.5 5000 244 29 171 14| 7.3 2.1 9.3|349.7-103.7 246.0 49.2 0.36| 13.5 4.8 6000 242 38 195 20| 6.0 2.9 8.9|357.5-211.0 146.5 24.4 0.28| 12.5 3.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251202.12.gif