UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120200.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 2 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 2 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 214 85 5 SFC 999 215 -2.9 -8.9 63 6.0 -4.8 85 5 270.3 270.6 268.4 275.7 1.95 2 985 328 -3.7 -10.7 58 7.0 -5.7 106 6 270.6 270.9 268.2 275.4 1.71 3 935 741 -6.9 -12.9 62 6.0 -8.5 178 7 271.4 271.7 268.4 275.6 1.51 4 925 826 -7.7 -12.6 68 4.9 -9.0 190 7 271.4 271.7 268.5 275.8 1.57 5 852 1459 -12.7 -13.1 97 0.4 -12.8 231 11 272.7 272.9 269.4 277.2 1.63 6 850 1477 -12.5 -14.2 87 1.7 -12.9 230 11 273.1 273.3 269.5 277.3 1.50 7 848 1495 -12.3 -16.2 73 3.9 -13.2 216 13 273.4 273.7 269.3 277.1 1.27 8 845 1522 -11.5 -21.5 43 10.0 -13.5 196 16 274.6 274.7 269.2 276.9 0.81 9 842 1549 -11.5 -23.5 36 12.0 -13.7 194 16 274.8 275.0 269.2 276.9 0.68 10 841 1558 -11.5 -24.5 33 13.0 -13.9 194 17 274.9 275.0 269.2 276.8 0.62 11 838 1586 -9.9 -41.9 5 32.0 -13.7 193 17 276.9 276.9 269.5 277.3 0.11 12 819 1764 -6.9 -48.9 2 42.0 -11.8 187 20 281.9 281.9 272.3 282.1 0.05 13 766 2284 -8.7 -37.7 8 29.0 -13.0 197 22 285.4 285.4 274.6 286.0 0.19 14 748 2468 -9.1 -41.1 5 32.0 -13.5 200 23 286.9 286.9 275.3 287.4 0.14 15 700 2978 -11.7 -42.7 6 31.0 -15.6 215 30 289.5 289.6 276.6 290.0 0.13 16 632 3755 -15.7 -47.7 5 32.0 -19.0 226 35 293.6 293.6 278.6 293.8 0.08 17 629 3791 -15.9 -49.9 4 34.0 -19.3 227 35 293.7 293.7 278.6 294.0 0.06 18 623 3863 -16.5 -47.5 5 31.0 -19.7 228 36 293.8 293.9 278.7 294.1 0.08 19 620 3900 -16.9 -38.9 13 22.0 -19.7 229 36 293.8 293.8 278.9 294.5 0.21 20 614 3972 -17.5 -45.5 7 28.0 -20.4 230 36 293.9 293.9 278.7 294.3 0.11 21 610 4021 -17.9 -27.9 41 10.0 -19.7 231 36 294.0 294.1 279.6 296.0 0.63 22 604 4095 -18.5 -31.5 31 13.0 -20.5 232 36 294.1 294.2 279.4 295.6 0.45 23 601 4132 -18.9 -31.9 31 13.0 -20.9 233 37 294.1 294.2 279.3 295.5 0.44 24 598 4170 -19.3 -23.7 68 4.4 -20.2 233 37 294.1 294.2 280.0 297.0 0.94 25 590 4270 -20.3 -23.7 74 3.4 -21.0 235 37 294.0 294.2 280.0 297.0 0.96 26 582 4371 -20.5 -21.4 92 0.9 -20.7 237 38 295.0 295.2 280.7 298.7 1.19 27 572 4499 -21.3 -22.4 91 1.1 -21.5 240 40 295.5 295.7 280.9 299.0 1.11 28 556 4709 -20.5 -22.0 88 1.5 -20.8 246 43 298.8 299.0 282.4 302.6 1.18 29 540 4924 -22.5 -22.6 99 0.1 -22.5 250 46 299.0 299.2 282.4 302.6 1.15 30 534 5006 -20.9 -22.9 84 2.0 -21.3 251 47 301.8 302.0 283.6 305.5 1.13 31 524 5146 -21.5 -26.1 66 4.6 -22.4 252 48 302.7 302.9 283.6 305.6 0.87 32 502 5461 -23.9 -26.8 77 2.9 -24.4 255 53 303.6 303.7 284.0 306.3 0.85 33 500 5490 -24.1 -27.4 74 3.3 -24.6 255 53 303.7 303.8 283.9 306.3 0.81 34 494 5577 -24.7 -28.4 71 3.7 -25.3 256 54 304.0 304.1 284.0 306.4 0.74 35 488 5666 -25.3 -27.9 79 2.6 -25.8 258 55 304.3 304.4 284.1 306.9 0.79 36 473 5891 -26.7 -30.9 68 4.2 -27.3 261 57 305.3 305.4 284.3 307.4 0.61 37 437 6454 -31.5 -34.5 75 3.0 -31.9 265 59 306.2 306.3 284.5 307.8 0.47 38 435 6486 -31.9 -35.8 68 3.9 -32.3 265 59 306.1 306.2 284.4 307.5 0.41 39 420 6732 -33.9 -37.5 70 3.6 -34.3 264 60 306.6 306.7 284.5 307.9 0.36 40 407 6950 -35.7 -38.5 75 2.8 -36.0 258 66 307.1 307.1 284.7 308.2 0.34 41 400 7070 -36.5 -39.1 77 2.6 -36.7 255 70 307.6 307.6 284.8 308.7 0.32 42 393 7192 -37.5 -39.7 80 2.2 -37.7 256 72 307.8 307.9 284.9 308.9 0.31 43 378 7460 -39.3 -42.9 69 3.6 -39.5 258 76 308.9 308.9 285.2 309.7 0.23 44 365 7699 -41.3 -44.2 73 2.9 -41.5 261 81 309.3 309.3 285.3 310.1 0.21 45 313 8724 -49.7 -53.8 62 4.1 -49.8 268 103 311.5 311.5 285.9 311.8 0.08 46 300 9000 -51.7 -56.0 60 4.3 -51.8 270 107 312.5 312.5 286.3 312.7 0.06 47 261 9890 -58.1 -62.7 55 4.6 -58.2 274 120 315.8 315.8 287.4 315.9 0.03 48 252 10110 -59.6 -64.3 54 4.8 -59.6 275 124 316.8 316.8 287.7 316.9 0.03 49 250 10160 -59.9 -64.7 53 4.8 -60.0 275 123 317.0 317.0 287.8 317.1 0.03 50 246 10261 -60.5 -65.5 52 5.0 -60.6 275 123 317.6 317.6 288.0 317.7 0.02 51 238 10468 -61.9 -66.4 55 4.5 -62.0 270 120 318.5 318.5 288.3 318.6 0.02 52 235 10547 -61.5 -64.7 66 3.2 -61.6 269 117 320.3 320.3 288.9 320.4 0.03 53 234 10573 -61.1 -64.7 62 3.6 -61.2 269 117 321.2 321.3 289.2 321.4 0.03 54 232 10627 -59.7 -70.7 23 11.0 -59.8 268 115 324.2 324.2 290.0 324.2 0.01 55 230 10682 -59.7 -77.7 8 18.0 -59.8 268 113 325.0 325.0 290.3 325.0 0.00 56 227 10764 -59.3 -78.3 7 19.0 -59.5 267 111 326.8 326.8 290.8 326.8 0.00 57 214 11135 -60.3 -77.3 9 17.0 -60.4 264 103 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.8 0.00 58 200 11560 -58.9 -78.9 6 20.0 -59.0 260 99 339.5 339.5 294.2 339.5 0.00 59 183 12116 -58.3 -81.3 4 23.0 -58.5 261 95 349.2 349.2 296.4 349.2 0.00 60 150 13360 -58.9 -83.9 3 25.0 -59.1 265 81 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.00 61 100 15900 -58.7 -85.7 2 27.0 -59.0 270 60 414.3 414.3 307.0 414.3 0.00 62 85 16925 -56.9 -84.9 2 28.0 -57.4 278 52 437.7 437.7 309.6 437.7 0.00 63 78 17469 -57.3 -85.3 2 28.0 -57.8 267 48 447.7 447.7 310.6 447.7 0.00 64 72 17973 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 279 50 453.4 453.4 311.2 453.4 0.00 65 70 18150 -57.9 -85.9 2 28.0 -58.5 285 54 460.5 460.5 311.8 460.5 0.00 66 66 18520 -56.9 -85.9 1 29.0 -57.5 286 45 470.5 470.5 312.7 470.5 0.00 67 64 18715 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.2 291 39 480.4 480.4 313.5 480.4 0.00 68 61 19021 -55.3 -85.3 1 30.0 -56.1 291 29 484.8 484.8 313.8 484.8 0.00 69 54 19799 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -55.0 289 24 505.2 505.2 315.3 505.2 0.01 70 50 20290 -54.9 -84.9 1 30.0 -55.9 335 10 514.1 514.1 315.9 514.1 0.01 71 49 20419 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -56.1 350 14 516.6 516.6 316.1 516.6 0.01 72 46 20824 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.5 287 13 528.0 528.0 316.8 528.0 0.01 73 37 22209 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.9 346 19 552.6 552.6 318.2 552.7 0.01 74 32 23123 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.5 342 26 574.5 574.5 319.4 574.5 0.01 75 30 23530 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.7 10 25 587.9 587.9 320.0 587.9 0.01 76 29 23745 -56.3 -86.3 1 30.0 -57.7 357 32 596.9 596.9 320.5 597.0 0.01 77 27 24198 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.7 5 23 603.1 603.1 320.7 603.1 0.01 78 26 24437 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.9 351 23 612.4 612.4 321.2 612.5 0.01 79 22 25490 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.8 20 16 636.5 636.5 322.2 636.5 0.01 80 20 26090 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -59.4 5 12 659.6 659.6 323.0 659.6 0.01 81 19 26414 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.6 5 13 672.4 672.4 323.5 672.5 0.01 82 18 26756 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -59.4 341 13 680.4 680.4 323.8 680.4 0.01 83 17 27118 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -58.3 345 15 696.1 696.1 324.3 696.2 0.01 84 15 27911 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -59.2 17 31 718.8 718.8 325.0 718.9 0.01 85 14 28350 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -57.8 0 31 739.9 739.9 325.7 740.0 0.02 86 13 28821 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -59.3 13 26 749.5 749.5 325.9 749.6 0.02 87 11 29884 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -58.5 13 36 792.0 792.0 327.0 792.2 0.02 88 10 30490 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -59.9 20 54 807.9 807.9 327.4 808.1 0.02 89 7.7 32163 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -57.6 38 64 889.1 889.1 329.2 889.5 0.04 90 7.2 32598 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -57.8 43 67 906.3 906.4 329.5 906.7 0.04 91 7.0 32780 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -58.3 45 68 911.2 911.2 329.7 911.6 0.04 92 6.8 32967 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -58.1 920.4 920.5 329.8 920.9 0.05 93 6.4 33357 -55.3 -85.3 1 30.0 -60.1 923.8 923.8 329.9 924.3 0.04 94 6.0 33769 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -60.2 941.9 941.9 330.2 942.3 0.04 TRP 238 10468 -61.9 -66.4 55 4.5 -62.0 270 120 318.5 318.5 288.3 318.6 0.02 WND 252 10110 -59.6 -64.3 54 4.8 -59.6 275 124 316.8 316.8 287.7 316.9 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5276.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.19 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 42.85 % Est. max temperature: 0.02 C = 32.04 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 908.77 mb = 962.29 m = 3157.08 ft T: -8.78 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.94 C/km ThetaE index: 0.48 C Layer 848.0- 838.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 618.50 mb = 3917.70 m = 12853.19 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.63 g/kg Conv temperature: 20.59 C = 69.06 F Cap Strength: 23.19 C Lifted Index: 23.22 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 26.09 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.24 C Showalter Index: 21.96 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 21.50 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 11.60 C Cross Totals Index: 9.90 C K Index: -33.60 Risk: None Sweat Index: 75.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.17 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.95 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.15 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 65591.63 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.12 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 865.06 mb = 1341.93 m = 4402.61 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 265 at 23 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 999 215 85 5 -5.0 -0.4 | 85 28 -28.1 -2.3 1 951 610 160 8 -2.7 7.5 | 102 26 -25.9 5.6 2 925 826 190 7 1.2 6.9 | 103 22 -21.9 5.0 3 914 914 190 8 1.4 7.9 | 105 23 -21.7 6.0 4 879 1219 250 7 6.6 2.4 | 92 17 -16.5 0.5 5 850 1477 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 109 16 -14.7 5.2 6 845 1524 195 16 4.1 15.5 | 126 23 -19.0 13.6 7 812 1829 185 21 1.8 20.9 | 132 29 -21.3 19.0 8 781 2134 195 22 5.7 21.3 | 138 26 -17.4 19.4 9 751 2438 200 23 7.9 21.6 | 142 25 -15.3 19.7 10 722 2743 205 25 10.6 22.7 | 149 24 -12.6 20.8 11 700 2978 215 30 17.2 24.6 | 165 23 -5.9 22.7 12 639 3658 225 35 24.7 24.7 | 184 23 1.6 22.9 13 589 4267 235 37 30.3 21.2 | 200 21 7.2 19.3 14 543 4877 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 235 23 19.2 13.5 15 500 5490 255 53 51.2 13.7 | 247 30 28.1 11.8 16 459 6096 265 59 58.8 5.1 | 265 36 35.7 3.3 17 421 6706 265 59 58.8 5.1 | 265 36 35.7 3.3 18 400 7070 255 70 67.6 18.1 | 250 47 44.5 16.2 19 369 7620 260 79 77.8 13.7 | 258 56 54.7 11.8 20 337 8230 265 96 95.6 8.4 | 265 73 72.5 6.5 21 300 9000 270 107 107.0 -0.0 | 271 84 83.9 -1.9 22 293 9144 270 107 107.0 -0.0 | 271 84 83.9 -1.9 23 252 10110 275 124 123.5 -10.8 | 277 101 100.4 -12.7 24 250 10160 275 123 122.5 -10.7 | 277 100 99.4 -12.6 25 242 10363 275 124 123.5 -10.8 | 277 101 100.4 -12.7 26 238 10468 270 120 120.0 -0.0 | 271 97 96.9 -1.9 27 220 10973 265 104 103.6 9.1 | 265 81 80.5 7.2 28 200 11560 260 99 97.5 17.2 | 258 76 74.4 15.3 29 190 11887 260 98 96.5 17.0 | 258 75 73.4 15.1 30 150 13360 265 81 80.7 7.1 | 265 58 57.6 5.2 31 122 14630 265 65 64.8 5.7 | 265 42 41.6 3.8 32 111 15240 265 75 74.7 6.5 | 265 52 51.6 4.7 33 106 15545 255 63 60.9 16.3 | 249 40 37.7 14.4 34 100 15900 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 273 37 36.9 -1.9 35 96 16154 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 273 37 36.9 -1.9 36 83 17069 280 51 50.2 -8.9 | 292 29 27.1 -10.7 37 79 17374 265 50 49.8 4.4 | 265 27 26.7 2.5 38 75 17678 270 44 44.0 -0.0 | 275 21 20.9 -1.9 39 70 18150 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 299 33 29.0 -15.9 40 68 18288 280 53 52.2 -9.2 | 291 31 29.1 -11.1 41 62 18898 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 337 17 6.8 -15.8 42 59 19202 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 360 8 0.1 -8.1 43 57 19507 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 285 7 6.9 -1.9 44 54 19812 290 24 22.6 -8.2 | 3 10 -0.6 -10.1 45 51 20117 295 12 10.9 -5.1 | 60 14 -12.2 -7.0 46 50 20290 335 10 4.2 -9.1 | 60 22 -18.9 -10.9 47 49 20422 350 14 2.4 -13.8 | 53 26 -20.7 -15.7 48 47 20726 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 67 13 -11.5 -5.0 49 44 21031 290 15 14.1 -5.1 | 52 11 -9.0 -7.0 50 42 21336 335 18 7.6 -16.3 | 40 24 -15.5 -18.2 51 33 22860 355 20 1.7 -19.9 | 44 31 -21.4 -21.8 52 32 23165 340 27 9.2 -25.4 | 27 31 -13.9 -27.3 53 30 23470 360 30 -0.0 -30.0 | 36 39 -23.1 -31.9 54 30 23530 10 25 -4.3 -24.6 | 46 38 -27.5 -26.5 55 29 23774 355 33 2.9 -32.9 | 30 40 -20.2 -34.8 56 28 24079 15 23 -6.0 -22.2 | 50 38 -29.1 -24.1 57 26 24384 350 23 4.0 -22.7 | 38 31 -19.1 -24.5 58 25 24689 355 23 2.0 -22.9 | 40 33 -21.1 -24.8 59 24 24994 35 20 -11.5 -16.4 | 62 39 -34.6 -18.3 60 23 25298 25 18 -7.6 -16.3 | 59 36 -30.7 -18.2 61 21 25908 10 10 -1.7 -9.8 | 65 27 -24.9 -11.7 62 20 26090 5 12 -1.0 -12.0 | 60 28 -24.2 -13.8 63 19 26518 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 59 28 -24.3 -14.8 64 18 26822 335 13 5.5 -11.8 | 52 22 -17.6 -13.7 65 16 27432 355 18 1.6 -17.9 | 47 29 -21.6 -19.8 66 15 27737 20 27 -9.2 -25.4 | 50 42 -32.4 -27.3 67 15 28042 15 34 -8.8 -32.8 | 43 47 -31.9 -34.7 68 14 28346 360 31 -0.0 -31.0 | 35 40 -23.1 -32.9 69 12 29261 25 22 -9.3 -19.9 | 56 39 -32.4 -21.8 70 12 29566 10 27 -4.7 -26.6 | 44 40 -27.8 -28.5 71 10 30490 20 54 -18.5 -50.7 | 38 67 -41.6 -52.6 72 7 32780 45 68 -48.1 -48.1 | 55 87 -71.2 -50.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 235.3 at 30.9 knts Storm direction: 265.3 at 23.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.1 neg: 2.9 tot: 8.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 86.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 247.0 neg: -21.0 tot: 226.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 75.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.3 stream: 6.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 135.85 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 142 7 97 28| 9.3 0.0 9.3| 64.8 0.0 64.8 129.7 0.80| 11.3 9.0 1000 176 7 102 24| 6.1 0.0 6.1| 70.6 -21.0 49.6 49.6 0.25| 11.1 2.8 1500 194 9 108 22| 4.1 5.8 9.8|129.4 -21.0 108.4 72.3 0.44| 13.6 6.0 2000 192 12 116 23| 4.1 4.3 8.4|160.1 -21.0 139.1 69.6 0.48| 11.8 5.6 2500 195 14 122 23| 4.1 3.5 7.6|186.2 -21.0 165.1 66.1 0.51| 10.3 5.3 3000 201 17 129 22| 5.1 2.9 8.0|247.0 -21.0 226.0 75.3 0.59| 10.3 6.1 4000 212 21 144 20| 5.0 2.2 7.2|309.9 -21.0 288.9 72.2 0.65| 9.1 5.9 5000 224 26 162 18| 5.7 1.7 7.5|409.5 -21.0 388.5 77.7 0.70| 9.2 6.5 6000 235 31 188 16| 5.9 1.4 7.3|517.6 -21.0 496.6 82.8 0.72| 9.0 6.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251202.00.gif