UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025120112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 1 DEC 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 1 DEC 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1002 215 -4.3 -8.5 72 4.2 -5.6 290 8 268.7 269.0 267.5 274.2 2.00 1 1000 236 -3.7 -10.7 58 7.0 -5.7 280 8 269.5 269.7 267.4 274.1 1.69 2 925 846 -9.3 -12.3 79 3.0 -10.1 315 20 269.8 270.1 267.5 274.2 1.60 3 920 888 -9.5 -14.5 67 5.0 -10.7 315 19 270.0 270.2 267.2 273.8 1.35 4 916 922 -8.9 -18.9 44 10.0 -11.1 315 19 271.0 271.1 267.1 273.6 0.94 5 902 1041 -9.3 -23.3 31 14.0 -12.0 311 22 271.7 271.9 267.1 273.6 0.65 6 888 1161 -9.7 -18.7 48 9.0 -11.7 307 25 272.6 272.7 268.2 275.4 0.98 7 864 1372 -11.7 -17.7 61 6.0 -13.0 302 25 272.6 272.8 268.5 275.8 1.10 8 863 1381 -11.7 -16.7 66 5.0 -12.8 302 25 272.7 272.9 268.7 276.1 1.20 9 850 1497 -11.9 -18.9 56 7.0 -13.4 300 25 273.7 273.8 269.0 276.6 1.01 10 816 1808 -13.3 -25.3 36 12.0 -15.4 305 27 275.4 275.5 269.4 277.2 0.60 11 805 1911 -14.1 -25.1 39 11.0 -16.0 306 27 275.6 275.7 269.6 277.5 0.62 12 788 2073 -14.5 -30.5 24 16.0 -16.9 309 28 276.9 277.0 269.9 278.1 0.38 13 783 2121 -13.7 -39.7 9 26.0 -16.7 310 28 278.3 278.3 270.4 278.8 0.15 14 753 2417 -15.1 -40.1 10 25.0 -17.9 291 30 279.9 279.9 271.4 280.4 0.15 15 747 2478 -13.5 -50.5 3 37.0 -17.0 292 30 282.2 282.2 272.5 282.4 0.05 16 701 2958 -16.1 -55.1 2 39.0 -19.2 315 35 284.5 284.5 273.8 284.6 0.03 17 700 2969 -16.1 -55.1 2 39.0 -19.2 315 35 284.7 284.7 273.9 284.8 0.03 18 670 3298 -17.7 -44.7 8 27.0 -20.4 315 35 286.4 286.5 275.0 286.8 0.11 19 657 3444 -18.7 -41.7 11 23.0 -21.1 315 36 286.9 287.0 275.3 287.4 0.15 20 598 4139 -23.3 -46.3 10 23.0 -25.2 311 44 289.4 289.4 276.5 289.8 0.10 21 572 4463 -24.7 -49.7 8 25.0 -26.5 310 48 291.5 291.5 277.5 291.7 0.07 22 530 5013 -28.7 -51.7 9 23.0 -30.1 309 55 293.1 293.1 278.3 293.3 0.06 23 522 5122 -28.9 -53.9 7 25.0 -30.3 308 56 294.2 294.2 278.8 294.3 0.05 24 503 5387 -29.3 -58.3 4 29.0 -30.8 305 58 296.8 296.8 280.0 296.9 0.03 25 500 5430 -29.7 -57.7 5 28.0 -31.1 305 58 296.8 296.8 280.0 296.9 0.03 26 429 6506 -36.1 -59.1 8 23.0 -37.0 298 68 302.0 302.0 282.2 302.1 0.03 27 419 6670 -36.3 -61.3 6 25.0 -37.2 297 71 303.8 303.8 283.0 303.8 0.02 28 408 6854 -37.9 -60.9 7 23.0 -38.7 296 74 304.0 304.0 283.0 304.1 0.03 29 400 6990 -38.1 -60.1 8 22.0 -38.9 295 77 305.5 305.5 283.6 305.6 0.03 30 394 7094 -38.7 -59.7 9 21.0 -39.5 293 78 306.0 306.0 283.8 306.1 0.03 31 381 7323 -39.9 -64.9 5 25.0 -40.6 290 79 307.4 307.4 284.4 307.4 0.02 32 380 7341 -39.9 -66.9 4 27.0 -40.6 290 79 307.6 307.6 284.4 307.7 0.01 33 300 8910 -52.3 -72.3 7 20.0 -52.5 275 83 311.6 311.6 285.9 311.7 0.01 34 299 8932 -52.5 -72.5 7 20.0 -52.7 275 83 311.6 311.6 285.9 311.7 0.01 35 279 9379 -54.9 -71.9 10 17.0 -55.1 275 84 314.4 314.4 286.9 314.5 0.01 36 254 9979 -56.9 -73.9 10 17.0 -57.1 275 84 320.0 320.0 288.8 320.0 0.01 37 250 10080 -56.9 -74.9 9 18.0 -57.1 275 87 321.5 321.5 289.2 321.5 0.01 38 246 10182 -56.5 -75.3 8 18.7 -56.7 275 89 323.5 323.5 289.8 323.5 0.01 39 239 10364 -55.9 -75.9 6 20.0 -56.1 275 89 327.1 327.1 290.9 327.2 0.01 40 228 10661 -57.3 -78.3 5 21.0 -57.5 274 88 329.4 329.4 291.6 329.5 0.00 41 217 10973 -54.9 -79.9 3 25.0 -55.2 272 87 337.9 337.9 293.8 337.9 0.00 42 209 11211 -56.1 -80.1 3 24.0 -56.3 271 87 339.6 339.6 294.2 339.6 0.00 43 200 11490 -54.9 -81.9 2 27.0 -55.2 270 86 345.8 345.8 295.7 345.8 0.00 44 197 11587 -54.5 -81.5 2 27.0 -54.8 265 86 348.0 348.0 296.2 348.0 0.00 45 177 12273 -56.9 -82.9 2 26.0 -57.2 274 77 354.8 354.8 297.7 354.9 0.00 46 150 13330 -55.1 -84.1 2 29.0 -55.5 265 76 375.1 375.1 301.5 375.1 0.00 47 132 14140 -58.1 -85.1 2 27.0 -58.4 266 69 383.8 383.8 302.8 383.8 0.00 48 112 15172 -58.7 -85.7 2 27.0 -59.0 274 62 401.1 401.1 305.3 401.1 0.00 49 107 15460 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -56.9 271 67 410.5 410.5 306.6 410.5 0.00 50 100 15890 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -56.4 265 53 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 51 89 16628 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -57.6 266 51 431.5 431.5 309.0 431.6 0.00 52 86 16846 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.1 265 50 439.0 439.0 309.8 439.0 0.00 53 83 17071 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.1 263 49 441.5 441.5 310.0 441.5 0.00 54 79 17385 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -55.9 261 48 450.2 450.2 310.9 450.2 0.00 55 70 18150 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.0 255 45 459.2 459.2 311.7 459.2 0.00 56 65 18614 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 260 39 464.7 464.7 312.2 464.7 0.00 57 63 18810 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.5 260 38 474.6 474.6 313.0 474.6 0.00 58 58 19329 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.4 254 40 481.4 481.4 313.5 481.5 0.00 59 50 20260 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.8 285 38 506.6 506.6 315.4 506.6 0.00 60 49 20387 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.8 289 35 509.5 509.5 315.6 509.5 0.00 61 47 20651 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -56.5 296 30 521.8 521.8 316.4 521.9 0.00 62 45 20928 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -56.8 304 24 527.9 527.9 316.8 527.9 0.00 63 43 21216 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.1 312 18 528.4 528.4 316.8 528.4 0.00 64 42 21363 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.1 313 15 532.0 532.0 317.1 532.0 0.00 65 39 21831 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.1 295 17 546.4 546.4 317.9 546.4 0.00 66 38 21996 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.4 298 18 558.6 558.6 318.6 558.7 0.01 67 36 22340 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.5 326 15 558.0 558.0 318.5 558.0 0.01 68 34 22701 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.9 360 19 566.2 566.2 319.0 566.2 0.01 69 33 22889 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.3 4 23 573.1 573.1 319.3 573.2 0.00 70 32 23083 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.7 360 23 573.9 573.9 319.3 573.9 0.00 71 30 23490 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -58.4 350 22 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.01 72 28 23927 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.8 345 21 602.9 602.9 320.7 603.0 0.01 73 23 25166 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -60.4 15 24 629.6 629.6 321.9 629.6 0.01 74 22 25446 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.4 8 28 644.8 644.8 322.5 644.9 0.01 75 20 26050 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -58.4 10 18 663.2 663.2 323.2 663.3 0.01 76 19 26375 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -58.3 14 16 673.7 673.7 323.6 673.7 0.01 77 17 27077 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -60.1 24 26 689.0 689.0 324.1 689.1 0.01 78 16 27459 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -59.1 30 30 705.6 705.6 324.6 705.7 0.01 79 14 28300 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -60.9 39 25 726.3 726.3 325.3 726.4 0.01 80 12 29268 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -60.4 360 33 762.6 762.6 326.3 762.7 0.01 81 10 30420 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -59.7 30 62 808.6 808.7 327.4 808.8 0.02 82 9.9 30484 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -59.7 811.0 811.0 327.5 811.1 0.02 83 9.7 30613 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -59.9 815.0 815.0 327.6 815.1 0.02 TRP 254 9979 -56.9 -73.9 10 17.0 -57.1 275 84 320.0 320.0 288.8 320.0 0.01 WND 246 10182 -56.5 -75.3 8 18.7 -56.7 275 89 323.5 323.5 289.8 323.5 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5194.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.11 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 23.53 % Est. max temperature: 0.53 C = 32.96 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 937.64 mb = 739.80 m = 2427.13 ft T: -8.33 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.53 C/km ThetaE index: 0.60 C Layer 920.0- 902.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 686.88 mb = 3111.03 m = 10206.68 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.50 g/kg Conv temperature: 12.44 C = 54.40 F Cap Strength: 18.93 C Lifted Index: 18.91 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 26.61 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.13 C Showalter Index: 16.92 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 28.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.80 C Cross Totals Index: 10.80 C K Index: -40.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 108.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.32 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 7.21 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.80 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 62352.59 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.47 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 867.47 mb = 1341.20 m = 4400.19 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 337 at 28 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1002 215 290 8 7.5 -2.7 | 172 24 -3.4 23.5 1 1000 236 280 8 7.9 -1.4 | 173 25 -3.1 24.9 2 953 610 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 184 14 1.1 14.3 3 925 846 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 195 13 3.2 12.1 4 917 914 315 19 13.4 -13.4 | 191 13 2.5 12.8 5 881 1219 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 222 15 10.4 11.4 6 850 1497 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 218 17 10.7 13.8 7 847 1524 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 218 17 10.7 13.8 8 814 1829 305 27 22.1 -15.5 | 226 16 11.2 10.8 9 782 2134 310 28 21.4 -18.0 | 232 13 10.5 8.3 10 751 2438 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 227 24 17.3 16.0 11 721 2743 310 31 23.7 -19.9 | 244 14 12.8 6.4 12 700 2969 315 35 24.7 -24.7 | 264 14 13.8 1.5 13 692 3048 315 33 23.3 -23.3 | 257 13 12.4 2.9 14 637 3658 315 38 26.9 -26.9 | 272 16 15.9 -0.6 15 586 4267 310 46 35.2 -29.6 | 278 25 24.3 -3.3 16 539 4877 310 54 41.4 -34.7 | 285 32 30.4 -8.4 17 500 5430 305 58 47.5 -33.3 | 281 37 36.6 -7.0 18 455 6096 300 60 52.0 -30.0 | 275 41 41.0 -3.7 19 400 6990 295 77 69.8 -32.5 | 276 59 58.9 -6.3 20 364 7620 285 81 78.2 -21.0 | 265 68 67.3 5.3 21 317 8534 280 83 81.7 -14.4 | 260 72 70.8 11.9 22 300 8910 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 255 74 71.7 19.0 23 289 9144 275 84 83.7 -7.3 | 255 75 72.7 19.0 24 254 9979 275 84 83.7 -7.3 | 255 75 72.7 19.0 25 250 10080 275 87 86.7 -7.6 | 256 78 75.7 18.7 26 246 10182 275 89 88.7 -7.8 | 257 80 77.7 18.5 27 239 10363 275 89 88.7 -7.8 | 257 80 77.7 18.5 28 200 11490 270 86 86.0 -0.0 | 251 80 75.1 26.3 29 197 11582 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 246 82 74.7 33.8 30 179 12192 275 77 76.7 -6.7 | 253 69 65.8 19.6 31 150 13330 265 76 75.7 6.6 | 243 73 64.8 32.9 32 148 13411 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 238 74 62.9 39.3 33 111 15240 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 247 54 49.8 21.0 34 106 15545 270 69 69.0 -0.0 | 246 64 58.1 26.3 35 100 15890 265 53 52.8 4.6 | 234 52 41.9 30.9 36 96 16154 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 238 50 42.1 26.3 37 70 18150 255 45 43.5 11.6 | 221 50 32.5 37.9 38 68 18288 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 221 44 28.5 33.2 39 59 19202 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 218 41 25.5 32.7 40 56 19507 245 45 40.8 19.0 | 213 54 29.8 45.3 41 54 19812 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 220 56 36.1 43.4 42 50 20260 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 237 31 25.8 16.4 43 42 21336 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 179 16 -0.3 15.7 44 40 21641 295 14 12.7 -5.9 | 185 20 1.8 20.4 45 38 21946 295 19 17.2 -8.0 | 199 19 6.3 18.2 46 36 22250 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 179 16 -0.3 15.7 47 35 22555 355 15 1.3 -14.9 | 140 15 -9.6 11.3 48 33 22860 5 23 -2.0 -22.9 | 105 13 -12.9 3.4 49 30 23490 350 22 3.8 -21.7 | 123 8 -7.1 4.6 50 26 24384 340 19 6.5 -17.9 | 152 10 -4.4 8.4 51 24 24994 20 21 -7.2 -19.7 | 110 19 -18.1 6.5 52 20 25908 355 35 3.1 -34.9 | 43 12 -7.9 -8.6 53 20 26050 10 18 -3.1 -17.7 | 121 16 -14.1 8.5 54 18 26822 20 14 -4.8 -13.2 | 130 20 -15.7 13.1 55 17 27127 25 29 -12.3 -26.3 | 90 23 -23.2 -0.0 56 16 27432 30 30 -15.0 -26.0 | 91 26 -25.9 0.3 57 15 27737 25 28 -11.8 -25.4 | 92 23 -22.8 0.9 58 15 28042 45 21 -14.8 -14.8 | 114 28 -25.8 11.4 59 13 28956 25 35 -14.8 -31.7 | 78 26 -25.7 -5.4 60 12 29261 360 33 -0.0 -33.0 | 58 13 -10.9 -6.7 61 11 29566 360 30 -0.0 -30.0 | 71 12 -10.9 -3.7 62 10 30175 30 64 -32.0 -55.4 | 56 52 -42.9 -29.1 63 10 30420 30 62 -31.0 -53.7 | 57 50 -41.9 -27.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 307.4 at 37.9 knts Storm direction: 337.4 at 28.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.7 neg: 1.6 tot: 5.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 89.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 118.9 neg: -14.3 tot: 104.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 34.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.44 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.5 stream: 4.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.09 Bulk Shear: 79.40 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 307 13 180 18| 11.9 0.0 11.9| 30.6 0.0 30.6 61.3 0.45| 13.3 5.9 1000 310 17 189 15| 6.0 4.3 10.3| 60.8 -1.7 59.1 59.1 0.60| 11.7 7.0 1500 306 20 200 15| 4.0 3.1 7.1| 67.3 -6.9 60.4 40.2 0.52| 9.3 4.8 2000 306 22 207 15| 3.6 2.3 5.9| 76.2 -7.0 69.2 34.6 0.49| 8.5 4.2 2500 304 24 213 16| 3.5 1.9 5.3| 99.7 -13.4 86.3 34.5 0.40| 10.1 4.0 3000 306 25 220 15| 3.7 1.6 5.3|118.9 -14.3 104.6 34.9 0.44| 9.5 4.2 4000 309 29 235 14| 2.8 2.6 5.4|138.4 -14.3 124.1 31.0 0.43| 8.6 3.7 5000 309 34 251 16| 2.2 3.3 5.5|165.1 -27.5 137.6 27.5 0.39| 8.2 3.2 6000 307 38 260 19| 1.9 3.4 5.3|167.7 -77.8 90.0 15.0 0.29| 7.7 2.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251201.12.gif