UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025113000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 30 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 30 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1003 215 -0.3 -6.3 64 6.0 -2.4 80 6 272.6 273.0 270.6 279.1 2.37 1 1000 239 -0.3 -6.3 64 6.0 -2.4 110 6 272.9 273.2 270.8 279.4 2.38 2 925 857 -5.5 -8.8 78 3.3 -6.5 165 9 273.7 274.0 270.9 279.6 2.12 3 919 908 -5.9 -9.0 79 3.1 -6.8 169 9 273.8 274.1 270.9 279.6 2.10 4 886 1193 -8.3 -8.3 100 0.0 -8.3 184 7 274.2 274.6 271.5 280.6 2.30 5 867 1362 -6.9 -27.9 17 21.0 -10.8 197 8 277.3 277.4 270.4 278.7 0.44 6 850 1517 -5.3 -27.3 16 22.0 -9.6 210 10 280.6 280.7 272.3 282.1 0.48 7 831 1694 -6.1 -28.1 16 22.0 -10.4 215 12 281.6 281.6 272.9 283.0 0.45 8 830 1704 -6.3 -28.3 16 22.0 -10.5 216 12 281.5 281.5 272.8 282.8 0.45 9 817 1827 -7.1 -26.1 20 19.0 -10.9 220 14 281.9 282.0 273.2 283.6 0.56 10 813 1865 -7.3 -18.3 41 11.0 -10.1 220 14 282.1 282.3 274.2 285.4 1.11 11 795 2039 -8.7 -21.7 34 13.0 -11.6 220 15 282.4 282.5 274.0 284.9 0.85 12 783 2157 -9.9 -20.9 40 11.0 -12.3 219 15 282.3 282.5 274.0 285.1 0.92 13 777 2216 -10.5 -16.5 61 6.0 -12.0 217 16 282.3 282.5 274.7 286.3 1.35 14 745 2538 -13.3 -18.3 66 5.0 -14.5 215 23 282.7 282.9 274.7 286.3 1.21 15 742 2569 -12.5 -15.0 82 2.5 -13.2 216 24 283.9 284.1 275.9 288.6 1.61 16 736 2631 -12.3 -13.7 89 1.4 -12.7 219 26 284.8 285.1 276.7 290.0 1.80 17 730 2693 -12.7 -14.0 90 1.3 -13.0 222 27 285.0 285.3 276.7 290.2 1.77 18 713 2874 -11.9 -13.4 89 1.5 -12.3 235 29 287.8 288.1 278.3 293.4 1.91 19 706 2949 -10.5 -11.9 89 1.4 -10.9 240 29 290.1 290.5 279.8 296.6 2.17 20 700 3015 -10.7 -12.2 89 1.5 -11.2 245 29 290.6 291.0 280.0 297.0 2.14 21 693 3092 -10.9 -12.5 88 1.6 -11.4 248 29 291.2 291.6 280.3 297.6 2.11 22 589 4328 -17.1 -19.2 84 2.1 -17.6 250 40 297.9 298.2 282.3 302.4 1.42 23 574 4522 -16.3 -17.5 90 1.2 -16.6 252 45 301.0 301.4 284.0 306.4 1.68 24 500 5550 -21.7 -24.1 81 2.4 -22.2 255 54 306.6 306.8 285.4 310.2 1.09 25 496 5609 -21.9 -24.9 77 3.0 -22.5 254 54 307.0 307.2 285.5 310.4 1.02 26 475 5924 -24.3 -26.2 84 1.9 -24.6 252 55 307.9 308.1 285.7 311.1 0.95 27 452 6283 -26.7 -30.1 73 3.4 -27.2 251 56 309.3 309.4 285.9 311.6 0.69 28 445 6395 -27.9 -30.5 78 2.6 -28.3 252 56 309.2 309.3 285.8 311.5 0.68 29 417 6857 -30.9 -34.8 69 3.9 -31.4 257 60 311.1 311.2 286.3 312.8 0.48 30 413 6925 -31.3 -36.3 61 5.0 -31.9 257 62 311.4 311.5 286.4 312.9 0.42 31 412 6942 -31.3 -36.3 61 5.0 -31.9 258 62 311.7 311.7 286.4 313.1 0.42 32 400 7150 -33.1 -38.0 61 4.9 -33.6 260 67 312.0 312.0 286.5 313.2 0.36 33 392 7292 -34.3 -38.6 65 4.3 -34.7 259 67 312.2 312.3 286.5 313.4 0.35 34 383 7455 -35.5 -41.5 54 6.0 -36.0 257 68 312.7 312.8 286.6 313.7 0.26 35 371 7676 -37.5 -43.5 53 6.0 -37.9 255 68 312.9 313.0 286.6 313.7 0.22 36 360 7884 -38.9 -44.9 53 6.0 -39.3 255 71 313.7 313.8 286.9 314.5 0.19 37 347 8136 -41.1 -48.1 47 7.0 -41.5 255 73 314.1 314.1 286.9 314.6 0.14 38 327 8538 -44.7 -49.1 61 4.4 -44.9 255 78 314.5 314.5 287.1 315.0 0.13 39 314 8809 -47.1 -53.1 50 6.0 -47.3 255 81 314.8 314.9 287.1 315.2 0.09 40 309 8915 -48.1 -53.1 56 5.0 -48.3 255 82 314.9 314.9 287.2 315.2 0.09 41 303 9045 -48.9 -57.9 34 9.0 -49.1 255 83 315.5 315.5 287.3 315.7 0.05 42 300 9110 -49.5 -58.5 34 9.0 -49.7 255 84 315.6 315.6 287.3 315.8 0.05 43 293 9263 -50.9 -56.9 49 6.0 -51.1 254 85 315.7 315.7 287.4 316.0 0.06 44 281 9533 -53.1 -61.1 37 8.0 -53.2 252 88 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.5 0.04 45 258 10074 -58.3 -61.7 65 3.4 -58.3 250 85 316.5 316.5 287.6 316.7 0.04 46 250 10270 -60.3 -64.4 58 4.1 -60.3 250 86 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.5 0.03 47 249 10295 -60.7 -65.2 55 4.5 -60.7 250 87 316.2 316.2 287.5 316.3 0.02 48 248 10320 -60.9 -65.7 53 4.8 -61.0 250 87 316.3 316.3 287.5 316.3 0.02 49 231 10761 -63.5 -67.8 56 4.3 -63.6 254 96 318.8 318.8 288.3 318.9 0.02 50 226 10895 -64.5 -67.9 63 3.4 -64.6 255 99 319.3 319.3 288.5 319.3 0.02 51 219 11088 -65.5 -69.5 57 4.0 -65.5 257 103 320.6 320.6 288.9 320.7 0.01 52 216 11172 -64.9 -69.3 54 4.4 -65.0 258 105 322.8 322.8 289.6 322.9 0.02 53 208 11402 -66.9 -69.6 69 2.7 -66.9 260 110 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.2 0.02 54 205 11490 -66.7 -70.0 62 3.4 -66.7 265 110 324.9 324.9 290.2 324.9 0.01 55 200 11640 -66.3 -70.8 53 4.5 -66.3 265 103 327.8 327.8 291.1 327.8 0.01 56 199 11671 -65.9 -70.9 50 5.0 -66.0 265 101 328.9 328.9 291.4 328.9 0.01 57 196 11764 -66.1 -72.1 43 6.0 -66.1 266 96 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.0 0.01 58 150 13420 -60.5 -83.5 3 23.0 -60.7 255 69 365.9 365.9 299.8 365.9 0.00 59 100 15960 -59.1 -85.1 2 26.0 -59.5 255 47 413.5 413.5 306.9 413.6 0.00 60 97 16151 -59.9 -85.9 2 26.0 -60.2 255 47 415.6 415.6 307.2 415.6 0.00 61 93 16416 -57.7 -85.7 2 28.0 -58.1 251 56 425.0 425.0 308.3 425.0 0.00 62 85 16982 -59.9 -85.9 2 26.0 -60.3 250 49 431.6 431.6 309.0 431.6 0.00 63 82 17208 -58.7 -85.7 2 27.0 -59.1 253 48 438.5 438.5 309.7 438.5 0.00 64 77 17603 -60.1 -86.1 2 26.0 -60.4 263 47 443.6 443.6 310.3 443.6 0.00 65 70 18200 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -59.7 285 35 457.5 457.5 311.5 457.5 0.00 66 65 18665 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -59.0 277 38 469.1 469.1 312.5 469.1 0.00 67 55 19708 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 268 22 486.1 486.1 313.9 486.1 0.00 68 55 19708 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 268 22 486.1 486.1 313.9 486.1 0.00 69 50 20300 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.2 270 16 500.4 500.4 315.0 500.5 0.00 70 47 20685 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 263 20 508.4 508.4 315.5 508.4 0.00 71 39 21852 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -59.0 271 24 543.9 543.9 317.8 543.9 0.01 72 30 23490 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.6 250 14 575.9 575.9 319.5 575.9 0.00 73 28 23915 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.8 252 13 584.0 584.0 319.9 584.1 0.00 74 24 24868 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -61.4 318 25 618.5 618.5 321.4 618.5 0.01 75 23 25133 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -62.3 333 24 623.1 623.1 321.6 623.2 0.01 76 22 25409 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -61.4 338 24 634.1 634.1 322.0 634.1 0.01 77 21 25697 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.7 344 25 638.3 638.3 322.2 638.4 0.01 78 20 26000 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.9 350 25 650.4 650.4 322.7 650.4 0.01 79 19 26320 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -61.4 358 23 661.8 661.9 323.2 661.9 0.01 80 18 26656 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.7 6 21 667.7 667.7 323.3 667.8 0.01 81 17 27011 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -62.6 4 17 679.4 679.4 323.7 679.4 0.01 82 15 27793 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -60.3 20 34 714.1 714.1 324.9 714.2 0.01 83 15 27793 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -60.3 20 34 714.1 714.1 324.9 714.2 0.01 84 14 28225 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -62.1 22 44 720.9 720.9 325.1 721.0 0.01 85 13 28690 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -60.5 28 46 744.0 744.0 325.8 744.1 0.01 86 13 28690 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -60.9 28 46 742.6 742.6 325.7 742.7 0.01 87 12 29193 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -60.4 34 49 762.6 762.6 326.3 762.7 0.01 88 11 29744 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -59.2 35 72 788.4 788.4 327.0 788.5 0.02 89 10 30350 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -59.7 30 80 808.6 808.7 327.4 808.8 0.02 90 9.5 30676 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -59.3 823.6 823.6 327.8 823.8 0.02 91 7.8 31924 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -61.7 860.2 860.2 328.6 860.4 0.02 TRP 208 11402 -66.9 -69.6 69 2.7 -66.9 260 110 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.2 0.02 WND 205 11490 -66.7 -70.0 62 3.4 -66.7 265 110 324.9 324.9 290.2 324.9 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5311.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.36 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 72.88 % Est. max temperature: 7.10 C = 44.79 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 913.02 mb = 958.92 m = 3146.02 ft T: -6.33 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.34 C/km ThetaE index: 1.87 C Layer 867.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 778.12 mb = 2204.92 m = 7233.91 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.23 g/kg Conv temperature: 9.40 C = 48.93 F Cap Strength: 19.19 C Lifted Index: 22.58 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.54 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 12.31 C Showalter Index: 20.58 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 10.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.40 C Cross Totals Index: -5.60 C K Index: -12.40 Risk: None Sweat Index: 74.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.84 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.24 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.55 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70502.25 J/kg Cap Strength: 22.56 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 890.51 mb = 1153.62 m = 3784.80 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 276 at 23 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1003 215 80 6 -5.9 -1.0 | 92 29 -29.0 1.2 1 1000 239 110 6 -5.6 2.1 | 99 29 -28.7 4.3 2 954 610 155 9 -3.8 8.2 | 111 29 -26.9 10.4 3 925 857 165 9 -2.3 8.7 | 113 28 -25.4 10.9 4 918 914 170 9 -1.6 8.9 | 114 27 -24.6 11.1 5 883 1219 185 7 0.6 7.0 | 112 24 -22.5 9.2 6 850 1517 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 121 21 -18.1 10.9 7 849 1524 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 121 21 -18.1 10.9 8 816 1829 220 14 9.0 10.7 | 133 19 -14.1 13.0 9 785 2134 220 15 9.6 11.5 | 136 19 -13.4 13.7 10 754 2438 210 20 10.0 17.3 | 146 24 -13.1 19.6 11 725 2743 225 29 20.5 20.5 | 174 23 -2.6 22.8 12 700 3015 245 29 26.3 12.3 | 192 15 3.2 14.5 13 669 3353 260 31 30.5 5.4 | 224 11 7.4 7.6 14 643 3658 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 221 15 9.8 11.0 15 593 4267 250 39 36.6 13.3 | 221 21 13.6 15.6 16 547 4877 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 241 33 29.1 16.2 17 500 5550 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 241 33 29.1 16.2 18 463 6096 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 234 36 29.5 21.4 19 426 6706 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 242 36 32.0 17.0 20 400 7150 260 67 66.0 11.6 | 252 45 42.9 13.9 21 373 7620 255 68 65.7 17.6 | 245 47 42.6 19.8 22 300 9110 255 84 81.1 21.7 | 248 63 58.1 24.0 23 298 9144 255 84 81.1 21.7 | 248 63 58.1 24.0 24 271 9754 250 90 84.6 30.8 | 242 70 61.5 33.0 25 258 10058 250 85 79.9 29.1 | 241 65 56.8 31.3 26 250 10270 250 86 80.8 29.4 | 241 66 57.7 31.7 27 208 11402 260 110 108.3 19.1 | 256 88 85.2 21.3 28 205 11490 265 110 109.6 9.6 | 262 87 86.5 11.8 29 202 11582 265 110 109.6 9.6 | 262 87 86.5 11.8 30 200 11640 265 103 102.6 9.0 | 262 80 79.5 11.2 31 183 12192 270 73 73.0 -0.0 | 267 50 49.9 2.2 32 166 12802 255 59 57.0 15.3 | 243 38 33.9 17.5 33 150 13411 245 76 68.9 32.1 | 233 57 45.8 34.4 34 150 13420 255 69 66.6 17.9 | 245 48 43.6 20.1 35 136 14021 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 259 43 42.7 8.0 36 118 14935 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 266 32 31.9 2.2 37 112 15240 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 247 28 26.2 10.9 38 100 15960 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 237 27 22.3 14.4 39 97 16154 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 237 27 22.3 14.4 40 92 16459 250 57 53.6 19.5 | 234 37 30.5 21.7 41 84 17069 250 48 45.1 16.4 | 230 29 22.0 18.7 42 76 17678 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 255 25 23.7 6.3 43 72 17983 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 243 22 19.3 9.7 44 70 18200 285 35 33.8 -9.1 | 302 13 10.7 -6.8 45 69 18288 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 285 19 18.3 -5.0 46 63 18898 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 274 12 11.8 -0.8 47 60 19202 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 19 10 -3.2 -9.3 48 57 19507 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 178 2 -0.1 2.2 49 51 20117 265 19 18.9 1.7 | 133 6 -4.2 3.9 50 50 20300 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 108 7 -7.1 2.2 51 49 20422 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 84 11 -10.5 -1.1 52 47 20726 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 158 6 -2.4 5.9 53 44 21031 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 273 6 5.8 -0.3 54 42 21336 275 28 27.9 -2.4 | 272 5 4.8 -0.2 55 38 21946 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 178 2 -0.1 2.2 56 37 22250 290 27 25.4 -9.2 | 342 7 2.3 -7.0 57 33 22860 290 13 12.2 -4.4 | 79 11 -10.9 -2.2 58 32 23165 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 85 14 -13.7 -1.2 59 30 23470 240 3 2.6 1.5 | 100 21 -20.5 3.7 60 30 23490 250 14 13.2 4.8 | 125 12 -9.9 7.0 61 29 23774 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 130 20 -15.6 12.9 62 27 24079 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 74 12 -11.3 -3.2 63 26 24384 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 41 13 -8.5 -10.0 64 25 24689 300 26 22.5 -13.0 | 3 11 -0.6 -10.8 65 24 24994 330 24 12.0 -20.8 | 31 22 -11.1 -18.5 66 20 26000 350 25 4.3 -24.6 | 40 29 -18.7 -22.4 67 18 26822 10 20 -3.5 -19.7 | 57 32 -26.6 -17.5 68 17 27127 360 16 -0.0 -16.0 | 59 27 -23.1 -13.8 69 16 27432 360 26 -0.0 -26.0 | 44 33 -23.1 -23.8 70 15 27737 20 32 -10.9 -30.1 | 51 44 -34.0 -27.8 71 14 28042 20 43 -14.7 -40.4 | 45 54 -37.8 -38.2 72 12 29261 35 49 -28.1 -40.1 | 53 64 -51.2 -37.9 73 11 29870 35 78 -44.7 -63.9 | 48 92 -67.8 -61.6 74 10 30350 30 80 -40.0 -69.3 | 43 92 -63.1 -67.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 245.6 at 30.9 knts Storm direction: 275.6 at 23.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.2 neg: 0.0 tot: 6.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 116.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 265.9 neg: -5.7 tot: 260.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 86.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.78 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.7 stream: 7.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 150.49 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 141 8 106 29| 10.1 0.0 10.1| 77.7 0.0 77.7 155.3 0.97| 10.7 10.3 1000 157 8 110 28| 5.3 0.0 5.3| 85.4 -5.7 79.7 79.7 0.69| 7.7 5.3 1500 176 9 114 26| 5.9 0.0 5.9|120.3 -5.7 114.6 76.4 0.73| 7.7 5.6 2000 193 10 120 24| 5.4 0.0 5.4|139.6 -5.7 133.9 66.9 0.75| 6.9 5.2 2500 202 12 127 23| 6.8 0.0 6.8|215.6 -5.7 209.9 84.0 0.80| 8.4 6.7 3000 215 15 136 21| 6.2 0.0 6.2|265.9 -5.7 260.2 86.7 0.78| 9.7 7.5 4000 234 20 154 16| 5.2 0.6 5.8|274.9 -8.2 266.7 66.7 0.67| 8.8 5.9 5000 242 26 179 14| 5.8 0.5 6.3|338.0 -8.2 329.7 65.9 0.65| 8.7 5.7 6000 246 31 199 16| 4.8 0.8 5.6|345.8 -44.7 301.1 50.2 0.57| 7.7 4.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251130.00.gif