UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 29 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 29 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1002 215 -3.1 -7.1 74 4.0 -4.4 270 10 269.9 270.3 268.7 276.0 2.23 1 1000 235 -3.1 -7.1 74 4.0 -4.4 275 9 270.0 270.4 268.8 276.2 2.24 2 988 331 -3.5 -8.0 71 4.5 -4.9 280 13 270.6 270.9 268.9 276.4 2.11 3 968 492 -4.3 -7.2 80 2.9 -5.3 289 19 271.4 271.7 269.7 277.7 2.30 4 959 565 -5.3 -7.8 83 2.5 -6.1 293 22 271.1 271.4 269.4 277.1 2.21 5 925 848 -6.9 -9.6 81 2.7 -7.7 310 20 272.3 272.6 269.8 277.8 1.99 6 910 975 -8.1 -9.9 87 1.8 -8.7 310 21 272.3 272.6 269.8 277.8 1.98 7 890 1147 -9.3 -11.4 85 2.1 -9.9 310 23 272.8 273.1 269.8 277.8 1.79 8 885 1191 -9.5 -12.8 77 3.3 -10.4 310 23 273.0 273.3 269.7 277.6 1.61 9 850 1501 -12.1 -12.9 94 0.8 -12.3 300 23 273.5 273.7 270.0 278.1 1.66 10 847 1528 -12.5 -13.0 96 0.5 -12.6 300 23 273.3 273.6 269.9 278.0 1.66 11 828 1701 -13.3 -15.2 86 1.9 -13.7 297 22 274.3 274.5 270.1 278.3 1.41 12 825 1729 -13.3 -15.8 81 2.5 -13.9 297 22 274.5 274.8 270.2 278.4 1.35 13 823 1747 -13.1 -16.2 77 3.1 -13.8 296 22 274.9 275.2 270.4 278.7 1.31 14 821 1766 -11.7 -19.7 51 8.0 -13.4 296 22 276.6 276.8 270.8 279.5 0.98 15 817 1803 -10.9 -24.9 31 14.0 -13.5 295 22 277.9 278.0 270.9 279.7 0.62 16 793 2032 -11.9 -31.9 17 20.0 -15.0 295 23 279.2 279.2 271.2 280.2 0.33 17 770 2256 -13.5 -33.5 17 20.0 -16.3 297 26 279.8 279.9 271.6 280.7 0.29 18 763 2326 -13.5 -32.5 19 19.0 -16.3 298 27 280.5 280.6 272.1 281.6 0.33 19 758 2376 -13.5 -29.5 25 16.0 -16.1 299 28 281.1 281.1 272.6 282.4 0.44 20 752 2436 -13.5 -36.5 13 23.0 -16.6 300 29 281.7 281.7 272.6 282.4 0.22 21 744 2517 -13.7 -36.7 12 23.0 -16.7 300 30 282.3 282.4 272.9 283.1 0.22 22 726 2703 -14.9 -32.9 20 18.0 -17.5 300 32 283.0 283.1 273.5 284.1 0.33 23 719 2776 -14.7 -32.7 20 18.0 -17.4 300 34 284.0 284.1 274.0 285.1 0.34 24 713 2840 -14.7 -33.7 18 19.0 -17.4 300 35 284.7 284.8 274.4 285.7 0.31 25 703 2947 -14.7 -46.7 5 32.0 -18.0 300 37 285.9 285.9 274.6 286.1 0.08 26 700 2979 -14.9 -42.9 7 28.0 -18.0 300 38 286.0 286.0 274.8 286.4 0.12 27 689 3099 -15.5 -46.5 5 31.0 -18.6 299 40 286.6 286.6 275.0 286.9 0.09 28 687 3121 -15.5 -37.5 13 22.0 -18.3 299 40 286.9 286.9 275.4 287.6 0.22 29 684 3154 -15.3 -44.3 6 29.0 -18.4 299 40 287.4 287.5 275.5 287.8 0.11 30 672 3287 -15.7 -46.7 5 31.0 -18.8 298 42 288.4 288.5 276.0 288.7 0.09 31 660 3423 -16.1 -37.1 15 21.0 -18.9 297 44 289.5 289.5 276.8 290.3 0.24 32 643 3619 -16.7 -38.7 13 22.0 -19.5 295 46 291.0 291.0 277.5 291.7 0.21 33 635 3714 -15.3 -48.3 4 33.0 -18.7 295 47 293.6 293.6 278.6 293.9 0.08 34 631 3762 -14.9 -38.9 11 24.0 -18.1 295 48 294.6 294.6 279.2 295.3 0.21 35 602 4116 -17.3 -31.3 28 14.0 -19.6 295 50 295.8 295.9 280.1 297.3 0.46 36 599 4153 -17.5 -32.5 26 15.0 -19.8 295 50 296.0 296.1 280.2 297.4 0.42 37 567 4563 -18.9 -27.9 45 9.0 -20.5 293 53 299.0 299.2 281.8 301.3 0.68 38 554 4736 -19.7 -29.7 41 10.0 -21.4 291 55 300.1 300.2 282.2 302.0 0.59 39 553 4749 -19.7 -29.7 41 10.0 -21.4 291 55 300.2 300.4 282.3 302.2 0.59 40 535 4994 -21.5 -28.5 53 7.0 -22.7 289 57 300.9 301.1 282.7 303.2 0.68 41 517 5246 -22.9 -33.9 36 11.0 -24.4 287 60 302.2 302.3 282.8 303.6 0.42 42 500 5490 -25.1 -34.1 43 9.0 -26.3 285 62 302.4 302.5 283.0 303.9 0.43 43 470 5935 -28.9 -36.9 46 8.0 -29.8 289 62 303.1 303.2 283.1 304.3 0.34 44 469 5950 -28.9 -36.9 46 8.0 -29.8 289 62 303.3 303.4 283.2 304.5 0.34 45 436 6467 -32.1 -40.1 45 8.0 -32.9 290 74 305.6 305.7 284.0 306.6 0.27 46 434 6500 -31.9 -40.9 41 9.0 -32.7 290 75 306.3 306.3 284.2 307.2 0.25 47 420 6730 -33.7 -38.3 63 4.6 -34.1 290 83 306.9 306.9 284.6 308.0 0.33 48 418 6764 -33.7 -40.7 49 7.0 -34.3 290 84 307.3 307.3 284.7 308.2 0.26 49 413 6848 -34.3 -42.3 44 8.0 -35.0 290 87 307.6 307.6 284.7 308.4 0.22 50 405 6984 -35.5 -41.5 54 6.0 -36.0 290 92 307.8 307.8 284.8 308.6 0.25 51 400 7070 -36.1 -43.1 48 7.0 -36.6 290 92 308.1 308.1 284.9 308.8 0.21 52 378 7460 -38.7 -47.7 38 9.0 -39.2 287 91 309.7 309.7 285.4 310.2 0.14 53 364 7718 -41.1 -52.1 30 11.0 -41.6 285 90 309.8 309.8 285.4 310.1 0.09 54 354 7906 -42.7 -51.7 37 9.0 -43.1 285 91 310.1 310.2 285.5 310.5 0.09 55 341 8157 -44.7 -54.7 32 10.0 -45.0 285 91 310.8 310.8 285.7 311.0 0.07 56 300 9000 -51.9 -59.9 38 8.0 -52.1 285 91 312.2 312.2 286.2 312.3 0.04 57 252 10110 -59.7 -65.8 45 6.1 -59.8 280 99 316.5 316.5 287.6 316.6 0.02 58 250 10160 -60.1 -66.1 45 6.0 -60.2 280 98 316.7 316.7 287.7 316.8 0.02 59 240 10412 -61.9 -66.9 51 5.0 -62.0 280 95 317.7 317.7 288.0 317.8 0.02 60 200 11550 -56.1 -81.1 3 25.0 -56.3 275 80 343.9 343.9 295.3 343.9 0.00 61 150 13380 -56.9 -84.9 2 28.0 -57.2 280 72 372.0 372.0 300.9 372.1 0.00 62 100 15950 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.7 265 46 417.0 417.0 307.4 417.0 0.00 63 98 16078 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.3 265 46 420.2 420.2 307.7 420.2 0.00 64 93 16410 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.1 269 43 423.0 423.0 308.0 423.0 0.00 65 89 16688 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.8 274 40 431.1 431.1 309.0 431.2 0.00 66 80 17359 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -60.4 272 34 438.7 438.7 309.7 438.7 0.00 67 76 17681 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.1 263 34 446.0 446.1 310.5 446.1 0.00 68 72 18022 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -57.7 257 32 458.5 458.5 311.7 458.5 0.00 69 70 18200 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.5 265 29 460.5 460.5 311.8 460.5 0.00 70 66 18569 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -60.2 251 34 464.4 464.4 312.1 464.4 0.00 71 57 19487 -58.9 -89.9 1 31.0 -59.5 247 24 486.1 486.1 314.0 486.1 0.00 72 55 19711 -60.1 -90.1 1 30.0 -60.6 252 34 488.4 488.4 314.1 488.4 0.00 73 52 20062 -57.9 -89.9 1 32.0 -58.6 267 35 501.4 501.4 315.1 501.4 0.00 74 50 20310 -57.3 -89.3 1 32.0 -58.1 275 26 508.4 508.4 315.5 508.5 0.00 75 45 20974 -56.7 -89.7 1 33.0 -57.6 253 27 525.5 525.5 316.6 525.5 0.00 76 40 21717 -57.7 -89.7 1 32.0 -58.6 290 19 541.0 541.0 317.6 541.0 0.00 77 35 22549 -61.5 -90.5 1 29.0 -62.1 313 10 552.1 552.1 318.2 552.1 0.00 78 31 23298 -62.5 -91.5 1 29.0 -63.1 246 9 568.9 568.9 319.1 568.9 0.00 79 30 23500 -61.5 -91.5 1 30.0 -62.3 255 15 577.0 577.0 319.5 577.0 0.00 80 28 23928 -60.7 -90.7 1 30.0 -61.6 268 16 590.7 590.7 320.2 590.7 0.00 81 23 25146 -62.7 -91.7 1 29.0 -63.6 325 13 619.0 619.0 321.5 619.0 0.00 82 21 25708 -61.7 -91.7 1 30.0 -62.7 343 21 638.3 638.3 322.2 638.4 0.00 83 20 26010 -62.1 -92.1 1 30.0 -63.1 335 15 646.1 646.1 322.5 646.1 0.00 84 19 26326 -62.7 -91.7 1 29.0 -63.7 336 16 653.8 653.8 322.8 653.8 0.00 85 18 26660 -60.7 -91.7 1 31.0 -62.0 327 20 670.3 670.3 323.4 670.3 0.00 86 16 27392 -60.5 -91.5 1 31.0 -62.0 354 30 693.9 693.9 324.2 693.9 0.01 87 13 28672 -63.9 -92.9 1 29.0 -65.1 344 17 724.6 724.6 325.2 724.6 0.01 88 12 29166 -60.9 -91.9 1 31.0 -62.7 330 24 752.0 752.0 326.0 752.0 0.01 89 11 29706 -60.5 -91.5 1 31.0 -62.6 342 24 772.4 772.4 326.5 772.4 0.01 90 10 30300 -59.9 -90.9 1 31.0 -62.3 360 26 796.0 796.0 327.1 796.0 0.01 91 10 30300 -60.1 -92.1 1 32.0 -62.4 360 26 795.2 795.2 327.1 795.3 0.01 92 9.8 30426 -60.3 -91.3 1 31.0 -62.6 360 27 799.1 799.1 327.2 799.1 0.01 93 8.0 31703 -56.5 -90.5 1 34.0 -60.3 360 33 861.9 861.9 328.7 862.0 0.01 94 7.7 31945 -57.9 -89.9 1 32.0 -61.3 360 34 865.8 865.8 328.7 865.9 0.02 95 7.0 32550 -54.9 -89.9 1 35.0 -59.6 360 37 902.1 902.1 329.5 902.3 0.02 96 6.9 32642 -54.1 -89.1 1 35.0 -59.2 909.1 909.2 329.6 909.3 0.02 TRP 240 10412 -61.9 -66.9 51 5.0 -62.0 280 95 317.7 317.7 288.0 317.8 0.02 WND 252 10110 -59.7 -65.8 45 6.1 -59.8 280 99 316.5 316.5 287.6 316.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5255.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.20 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 41.53 % Est. max temperature: 0.45 C = 32.81 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 940.79 mb = 715.46 m = 2347.27 ft T: -6.15 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.06 C/km ThetaE index: 0.51 C Layer 959.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 888.12 mb = 1163.67 m = 3817.77 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.11 g/kg Conv temperature: -0.12 C = 31.79 F Cap Strength: 21.05 C Lifted Index: 20.96 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 24.78 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.81 C Showalter Index: 20.29 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 25.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.00 C Cross Totals Index: 12.20 C K Index: -27.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 108.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.45 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 8.53 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.13 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 79417.30 J/kg Cap Strength: 21.01 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 907.60 mb = 995.70 m = 3266.70 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 324 at 30 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1002 215 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 162 26 -7.9 24.3 1 1000 235 275 9 9.0 -0.8 | 159 25 -8.9 23.5 2 953 610 295 24 21.8 -10.1 | 195 15 3.9 14.2 3 925 848 310 20 15.3 -12.9 | 167 12 -2.6 11.4 4 917 914 310 21 16.1 -13.5 | 170 11 -1.8 10.8 5 882 1219 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 178 10 -0.3 9.5 6 850 1501 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 189 13 2.0 12.8 7 814 1829 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 188 15 2.0 15.0 8 782 2134 295 24 21.8 -10.1 | 195 15 3.9 14.2 9 752 2438 300 29 25.1 -14.5 | 216 12 7.2 9.8 10 722 2743 300 33 28.6 -16.5 | 234 13 10.7 7.8 11 700 2979 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 251 16 15.0 5.3 12 639 3658 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 260 25 24.7 4.4 13 589 4267 295 51 46.2 -21.6 | 264 28 28.3 2.7 14 543 4877 290 56 52.6 -19.2 | 262 35 34.7 5.1 15 500 5490 285 62 59.9 -16.0 | 259 43 42.0 8.3 16 459 6096 290 62 58.3 -21.2 | 266 40 40.4 3.1 17 403 7010 290 93 87.4 -31.8 | 276 70 69.5 -7.5 18 400 7070 290 92 86.5 -31.5 | 276 69 68.6 -7.2 19 369 7620 285 90 86.9 -23.3 | 269 69 69.0 1.0 20 307 8839 285 93 89.8 -24.1 | 270 72 71.9 0.2 21 300 9000 285 91 87.9 -23.6 | 269 70 70.0 0.7 22 293 9144 285 91 87.9 -23.6 | 269 70 70.0 0.7 23 252 10110 280 99 97.5 -17.2 | 265 80 79.6 7.1 24 250 10160 280 98 96.5 -17.0 | 265 79 78.6 7.3 25 242 10363 280 99 97.5 -17.2 | 265 80 79.6 7.1 26 240 10412 280 95 93.6 -16.5 | 264 76 75.7 7.8 27 200 11550 275 80 79.7 -7.0 | 254 64 61.8 17.3 28 150 13380 280 72 70.9 -12.5 | 257 54 53.0 11.8 29 117 14935 270 59 59.0 -0.0 | 239 48 41.1 24.3 30 112 15240 280 52 51.2 -9.0 | 245 37 33.3 15.3 31 107 15545 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 226 35 25.1 24.3 32 100 15950 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 225 40 27.9 28.3 33 97 16154 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 225 40 27.9 28.3 34 84 17069 280 35 34.5 -6.1 | 222 25 16.6 18.2 35 72 17983 255 33 31.9 8.5 | 203 36 14.0 32.8 36 70 18200 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 202 29 11.0 26.8 37 69 18288 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 210 32 16.0 27.3 38 66 18593 250 34 31.9 11.6 | 201 39 14.1 35.9 39 63 18898 260 35 34.5 6.1 | 209 35 16.6 30.4 40 60 19202 270 29 29.0 -0.0 | 205 27 11.1 24.3 41 57 19507 245 24 21.8 10.1 | 186 35 3.9 34.4 42 54 19812 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 210 40 19.8 34.4 43 52 20117 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 214 29 16.1 24.3 44 50 20310 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 200 23 8.0 22.0 45 49 20422 280 31 30.5 -5.4 | 214 23 12.6 18.9 46 45 21031 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 191 34 6.5 33.2 47 42 21336 265 19 18.9 1.7 | 182 26 1.0 26.0 48 40 21641 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 180 18 -0.0 17.8 49 38 21946 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 186 17 1.8 17.1 50 37 22250 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 178 23 -1.0 22.8 51 35 22555 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 148 20 -10.8 17.2 52 32 23165 270 12 12.0 -0.0 | 166 25 -5.9 24.3 53 30 23470 215 5 2.9 4.1 | 152 32 -15.0 28.4 54 30 23500 255 15 14.5 3.9 | 173 28 -3.4 28.2 55 29 23774 235 10 8.2 5.7 | 162 32 -9.7 30.0 56 27 24079 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 185 13 1.2 13.3 57 26 24384 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 158 15 -5.6 14.0 58 25 24689 320 14 9.0 -10.7 | 147 16 -8.9 13.6 59 24 24994 300 12 10.4 -6.0 | 158 20 -7.5 18.3 60 22 25298 350 14 2.4 -13.8 | 124 19 -15.5 10.5 61 20 25908 340 24 8.2 -22.6 | 100 10 -9.7 1.7 62 20 26010 335 15 6.3 -13.6 | 133 16 -11.6 10.7 63 19 26213 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 123 16 -13.8 8.8 64 18 26518 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 148 14 -7.6 12.0 65 17 27127 350 33 5.7 -32.5 | 56 15 -12.2 -8.2 66 16 27432 355 29 2.5 -28.9 | 73 16 -15.4 -4.6 67 14 28346 355 21 1.8 -20.9 | 102 16 -16.1 3.4 68 13 28651 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 123 16 -13.8 8.8 69 12 28956 330 24 12.0 -20.8 | 121 7 -5.9 3.5 70 11 29566 330 24 12.0 -20.8 | 121 7 -5.9 3.5 71 11 29870 355 25 2.2 -24.9 | 88 16 -15.7 -0.6 72 10 30300 360 26 -0.0 -26.0 | 85 18 -17.9 -1.7 73 7 32550 360 37 -0.0 -37.0 | 55 22 -17.9 -12.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 293.6 at 40.2 knts Storm direction: 323.6 at 30.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.1 neg: 2.2 tot: 6.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 93.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 126.3 neg: -19.2 tot: 107.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 35.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.50 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.6 stream: 4.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.13 Bulk Shear: 67.48 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 292 18 175 18| 15.1 0.0 15.1| 56.3 -8.6 47.8 95.5 0.46| 19.2 8.8 1000 301 20 176 14| 8.5 0.0 8.5| 60.0 -18.2 41.9 41.9 0.28| 12.6 3.6 1500 302 21 179 13| 5.7 1.8 7.5| 66.0 -18.8 47.2 31.5 0.30| 10.3 3.0 2000 300 21 183 14| 4.3 1.6 5.9| 78.3 -19.2 59.1 29.5 0.35| 8.7 3.1 2500 300 23 189 13| 4.9 1.3 6.2|102.5 -19.2 83.3 33.3 0.46| 8.6 3.9 3000 300 25 199 12| 4.1 2.2 6.3|126.3 -19.2 107.1 35.7 0.50| 8.6 4.3 4000 298 31 223 14| 3.1 2.9 6.0|150.1 -19.2 130.9 32.7 0.48| 7.8 3.7 5000 296 36 238 17| 2.4 3.5 5.9|150.6 -41.1 109.6 21.9 0.37| 7.4 2.7 6000 294 40 247 21| 2.5 3.1 5.6|220.2 -48.8 171.4 28.6 0.38| 7.2 2.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251129.12.gif