UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 29 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 29 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 168 265 16 SFC 994 215 -1.1 -4.4 78 3.3 -2.3 265 16 272.5 273.0 271.2 280.1 2.77 2 957 517 -3.7 -5.2 89 1.5 -4.2 276 30 272.9 273.3 271.3 280.3 2.71 3 938 675 -4.5 -7.1 82 2.6 -5.4 284 34 273.6 274.0 271.2 280.2 2.39 4 925 785 -5.5 -7.5 86 2.0 -6.1 290 35 273.7 274.1 271.2 280.2 2.35 5 870 1263 -9.5 -9.6 99 0.1 -9.5 306 38 274.4 274.7 271.3 280.3 2.12 6 860 1352 -10.1 -11.4 90 1.3 -10.5 308 38 274.6 275.0 271.1 279.9 1.86 7 855 1397 -9.9 -13.3 76 3.4 -10.8 309 38 275.3 275.6 271.1 279.9 1.60 8 850 1442 -10.3 -13.5 77 3.2 -11.1 310 38 275.4 275.6 271.1 279.9 1.58 9 836 1570 -11.1 -15.0 73 3.9 -12.1 308 36 275.8 276.1 271.1 279.9 1.42 10 824 1681 -11.5 -16.5 66 5.0 -12.7 307 34 276.5 276.8 271.3 280.2 1.28 11 794 1963 -14.3 -17.2 79 2.9 -15.0 305 31 276.5 276.7 271.2 280.1 1.25 12 786 2040 -14.7 -18.4 73 3.7 -15.5 305 31 276.9 277.1 271.2 280.2 1.14 13 716 2739 -20.3 -22.0 86 1.7 -20.6 305 34 278.2 278.4 271.6 280.9 0.92 14 704 2864 -20.9 -22.6 86 1.7 -21.2 305 35 278.9 279.0 272.0 281.5 0.88 15 700 2906 -20.9 -23.2 82 2.3 -21.3 305 35 279.3 279.5 272.2 281.9 0.84 16 697 2938 -20.9 -23.2 82 2.3 -21.3 305 35 279.7 279.8 272.4 282.2 0.85 17 684 3077 -20.3 -23.7 74 3.4 -20.9 304 35 281.9 282.0 273.6 284.4 0.82 18 667 3263 -20.3 -25.3 64 5.0 -21.1 303 35 283.9 284.0 274.6 286.1 0.73 19 654 3408 -21.5 -27.5 58 6.0 -22.4 302 36 284.1 284.3 274.6 286.0 0.61 20 651 3442 -21.7 -27.7 58 6.0 -22.6 301 36 284.3 284.4 274.6 286.2 0.60 21 646 3499 -21.9 -26.6 66 4.7 -22.7 301 36 284.7 284.8 275.0 286.8 0.67 22 637 3602 -21.7 -28.7 53 7.0 -22.7 300 36 286.1 286.2 275.5 287.8 0.56 23 615 3860 -23.3 -29.3 58 6.0 -24.1 303 36 287.1 287.2 276.0 288.8 0.55 24 613 3883 -23.3 -31.3 48 8.0 -24.4 304 36 287.4 287.5 276.0 288.8 0.46 25 611 3907 -23.3 -42.3 16 19.0 -25.1 304 36 287.7 287.7 275.7 288.2 0.15 26 609 3931 -23.5 -49.5 7 26.0 -25.4 304 36 287.7 287.7 275.6 287.9 0.07 27 602 4016 -23.7 -47.7 9 24.0 -25.6 303 37 288.4 288.4 276.0 288.7 0.09 28 600 4040 -23.7 -43.7 14 20.0 -25.5 302 37 288.7 288.7 276.2 289.1 0.13 29 597 4077 -23.7 -34.7 36 11.0 -25.0 300 38 289.1 289.2 276.7 290.2 0.34 30 596 4089 -23.7 -35.7 32 12.0 -25.1 299 38 289.2 289.3 276.8 290.2 0.31 31 594 4113 -23.7 -32.7 43 9.0 -24.8 298 38 289.5 289.6 277.1 290.8 0.41 32 590 4163 -23.9 -34.9 36 11.0 -25.2 296 39 289.8 289.9 277.1 290.9 0.33 33 581 4274 -24.7 -32.7 47 8.0 -25.7 290 41 290.2 290.3 277.4 291.6 0.42 34 572 4388 -24.3 -29.0 65 4.7 -25.0 293 41 292.0 292.1 278.6 293.9 0.61 35 562 4516 -25.3 -31.3 57 6.0 -26.1 296 40 292.3 292.3 278.6 293.9 0.50 36 558 4568 -25.3 -37.3 32 12.0 -26.6 297 40 292.9 292.9 278.5 293.8 0.28 37 555 4607 -25.7 -37.7 32 12.0 -26.9 298 40 292.8 292.9 278.5 293.7 0.27 38 554 4620 -25.5 -38.5 29 13.0 -26.8 298 40 293.2 293.3 278.6 294.1 0.25 39 551 4660 -25.3 -38.3 29 13.0 -26.6 299 40 293.9 294.0 279.0 294.8 0.25 40 546 4726 -25.3 -34.3 43 9.0 -26.4 301 40 294.7 294.7 279.5 295.9 0.38 41 543 4766 -25.5 -35.5 39 10.0 -26.6 302 39 294.9 295.0 279.6 296.0 0.34 42 541 4792 -25.5 -32.5 52 7.0 -26.4 303 39 295.2 295.3 279.9 296.7 0.46 43 539 4819 -25.7 -32.7 52 7.0 -26.6 303 39 295.3 295.4 279.9 296.8 0.45 44 537 4846 -25.7 -30.7 63 5.0 -26.4 304 39 295.6 295.7 280.2 297.4 0.55 45 535 4873 -25.7 -31.7 57 6.0 -26.5 305 39 295.9 296.0 280.3 297.6 0.50 46 532 4914 -25.7 -32.7 52 7.0 -26.6 305 39 296.4 296.5 280.4 297.9 0.46 47 530 4941 -25.7 -31.7 57 6.0 -26.5 306 39 296.7 296.8 280.6 298.4 0.51 48 521 5065 -26.9 -31.1 68 4.2 -27.5 307 39 296.7 296.8 280.7 298.5 0.55 49 517 5120 -27.3 -33.3 57 6.0 -28.0 307 39 296.9 297.0 280.6 298.4 0.45 50 509 5232 -28.1 -32.1 69 4.0 -28.6 309 38 297.3 297.4 280.8 298.9 0.51 51 500 5360 -28.7 -33.4 64 4.7 -29.3 310 38 298.0 298.1 281.1 299.6 0.46 52 497 5403 -29.1 -33.8 64 4.7 -29.6 310 38 298.1 298.2 281.1 299.5 0.44 53 488 5534 -29.3 -35.3 56 6.0 -30.0 310 37 299.4 299.5 281.6 300.7 0.39 54 479 5667 -29.9 -38.9 41 9.0 -30.8 310 36 300.2 300.3 281.8 301.2 0.27 55 400 6930 -39.3 -47.3 42 8.0 -39.7 300 28 303.9 303.9 283.1 304.4 0.13 56 318 8461 -50.3 -65.3 15 15.0 -50.5 285 43 309.3 309.3 285.1 309.3 0.02 57 300 8840 -50.5 -69.5 9 19.0 -50.8 295 62 314.2 314.2 286.8 314.2 0.01 58 250 10020 -51.7 -75.7 4 24.0 -52.0 295 72 329.2 329.2 291.5 329.2 0.01 59 241 10257 -51.8 -76.5 4 24.7 -52.2 295 74 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.5 0.00 60 200 11460 -52.5 -80.5 2 28.0 -52.9 285 62 349.6 349.6 296.5 349.6 0.00 61 150 13320 -53.5 -83.5 1 30.0 -53.9 275 56 377.9 377.9 301.9 377.9 0.00 62 100 15930 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -55.6 270 41 421.3 421.3 307.9 421.3 0.00 63 90 16601 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -57.9 271 43 429.4 429.4 308.7 429.4 0.00 64 89 16672 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -55.9 270 43 435.1 435.1 309.4 435.2 0.00 65 86 16892 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -55.2 264 42 441.0 441.0 310.0 441.1 0.00 66 82 17197 -55.3 -85.3 1 30.0 -55.9 269 40 445.5 445.5 310.4 445.5 0.00 67 77 17601 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -54.3 284 28 457.3 457.3 311.5 457.3 0.00 68 70 18210 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 240 37 461.4 461.4 311.9 461.4 0.00 69 68 18393 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.2 237 32 467.4 467.4 312.4 467.4 0.00 70 59 19288 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.6 256 18 480.9 480.9 313.5 480.9 0.00 71 50 20330 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.7 280 21 509.4 509.4 315.6 509.4 0.00 72 49 20458 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.6 280 21 512.8 512.8 315.8 512.8 0.00 73 47 20720 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -59.0 280 21 515.1 515.1 316.0 515.2 0.00 74 41 21578 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.2 311 14 538.1 538.1 317.4 538.2 0.00 75 39 21892 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -60.1 300 6 540.8 540.8 317.6 540.9 0.00 76 31 23317 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.8 315 12 570.0 570.0 319.2 570.0 0.00 77 31 23317 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.8 315 12 570.0 570.0 319.2 570.0 0.00 78 30 23520 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.4 285 8 579.7 579.7 319.6 579.7 0.00 79 27 24177 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -60.0 288 6 601.9 601.9 320.7 602.0 0.01 80 22 25455 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -61.8 3 11 632.9 632.9 322.0 632.9 0.01 81 20 26050 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -60.4 320 11 655.9 655.9 322.9 655.9 0.01 82 19 26373 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.9 325 12 667.4 667.4 323.3 667.5 0.01 83 17 27072 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -61.1 5 12 685.2 685.2 324.0 685.2 0.01 84 16 27453 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.9 29 15 702.4 702.4 324.5 702.4 0.01 85 15 27860 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -60.0 16 18 715.5 715.5 324.9 715.5 0.01 86 12 29262 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -61.7 349 30 756.2 756.2 326.1 756.3 0.01 87 10 30410 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -60.2 5 24 806.4 806.4 327.4 806.5 0.02 88 8.5 31438 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -60.7 844.0 844.0 328.2 844.2 0.02 89 7.8 31984 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -59.4 873.8 873.8 328.9 874.0 0.03 90 7.1 32583 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -60.3 893.5 893.5 329.3 893.7 0.02 TRP 318 8461 -50.3 -65.3 15 15.0 -50.5 285 43 309.3 309.3 285.1 309.3 0.02 WND 241 10257 -51.8 -76.5 4 24.7 -52.2 295 74 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.5 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5192.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.26 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 68.45 % Est. max temperature: 1.93 C = 35.48 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 943.88 mb = 625.72 m = 2052.87 ft T: -4.25 C 700-500 lapse rate: 3.18 C/km ThetaE index: 0.41 C Layer 860.0- 836.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 904.59 mb = 958.80 m = 3145.63 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.51 g/kg Conv temperature: 0.32 C = 32.57 F Cap Strength: 14.54 C Lifted Index: 15.05 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 24.07 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.64 C Showalter Index: 15.34 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 33.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.40 C Cross Totals Index: 15.20 C K Index: 2.60 Risk: None Sweat Index: 114.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.05 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 7.01 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.75 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 65911.56 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.87 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 913.40 mb = 883.27 m = 2897.83 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 332 at 26 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 265 16 15.9 1.4 | 188 25 3.5 24.6 1 946 610 280 34 33.5 -5.9 | 231 27 21.1 17.3 2 925 785 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 241 23 20.5 11.3 3 910 914 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 246 21 19.3 8.5 4 875 1219 305 38 31.1 -21.8 | 266 19 18.7 1.5 5 850 1442 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 274 17 16.7 -1.2 6 807 1829 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 247 14 13.0 5.5 7 776 2134 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 247 14 13.0 5.5 8 745 2438 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 245 17 15.3 7.3 9 715 2743 305 34 27.9 -19.5 | 256 16 15.4 3.8 10 700 2906 305 35 28.7 -20.1 | 259 17 16.3 3.2 11 631 3658 300 36 31.2 -18.0 | 254 19 18.8 5.3 12 606 3962 305 36 29.5 -20.6 | 261 17 17.1 2.6 13 581 4267 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 251 28 26.1 9.2 14 534 4877 305 39 31.9 -22.4 | 267 20 19.5 0.9 15 500 5360 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 274 17 16.7 -1.2 16 450 6096 310 33 25.3 -21.2 | 261 13 12.9 2.0 17 400 6930 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 232 15 11.8 9.3 18 395 7010 310 27 20.7 -17.4 | 234 10 8.3 5.9 19 361 7620 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 228 20 14.8 13.3 20 345 7925 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 225 19 13.9 13.7 21 329 8230 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 220 27 17.5 20.6 22 318 8461 285 43 41.5 -11.1 | 247 32 29.1 12.1 23 300 8839 295 62 56.2 -26.2 | 274 44 43.8 -2.9 24 300 8840 295 62 56.2 -26.2 | 274 44 43.8 -2.9 25 286 9144 295 62 56.2 -26.2 | 274 44 43.8 -2.9 26 250 10020 295 72 65.3 -30.4 | 278 53 52.8 -7.2 27 241 10257 295 74 67.1 -31.3 | 278 55 54.6 -8.0 28 237 10363 295 74 67.1 -31.3 | 278 55 54.6 -8.0 29 200 11460 285 62 59.9 -16.0 | 261 48 47.5 7.2 30 150 13320 275 56 55.8 -4.9 | 247 47 43.4 18.4 31 135 14021 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 242 40 35.4 19.1 32 122 14630 290 43 40.4 -14.7 | 253 29 28.0 8.5 33 111 15240 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 227 34 24.6 23.3 34 106 15545 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 220 39 25.0 29.9 35 100 15930 270 41 41.0 -0.0 | 231 37 28.6 23.3 36 97 16154 270 41 41.0 -0.0 | 231 37 28.6 23.3 37 92 16459 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 237 36 30.4 19.5 38 84 17069 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 223 42 28.9 30.5 39 80 17374 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 236 30 25.0 16.7 40 76 17678 285 25 24.1 -6.5 | 215 20 11.7 16.8 41 73 17983 240 14 12.1 7.0 | 179 30 -0.3 30.3 42 70 18210 240 37 32.0 18.5 | 205 46 19.6 41.8 43 69 18288 235 29 23.8 16.6 | 196 41 11.3 39.9 44 66 18593 240 37 32.0 18.5 | 205 46 19.6 41.8 45 63 18898 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 212 27 14.6 23.3 46 60 19202 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 191 27 5.3 26.4 47 57 19507 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 189 32 4.8 31.3 48 54 19812 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 217 29 17.6 23.3 49 52 20117 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 215 23 13.2 18.7 50 50 20330 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 203 21 8.3 19.6 51 47 20726 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 203 21 8.3 19.6 52 45 21031 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 191 27 5.3 26.4 53 43 21336 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 203 21 8.3 19.6 54 41 21641 320 12 7.7 -9.2 | 162 15 -4.7 14.1 55 39 21946 295 4 3.6 -1.7 | 158 23 -8.8 21.6 56 35 22555 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 181 23 0.6 23.3 57 33 22860 255 15 14.5 3.9 | 184 27 2.1 27.1 58 30 23470 335 11 4.6 -10.0 | 150 15 -7.8 13.3 59 30 23520 285 8 7.7 -2.1 | 168 22 -4.7 21.2 60 27 24079 280 3 3.0 -0.5 | 157 25 -9.5 22.7 61 26 24384 305 11 9.0 -6.3 | 169 17 -3.4 16.9 62 25 24689 355 10 0.9 -10.0 | 139 18 -11.5 13.3 63 24 24994 335 13 5.5 -11.8 | 149 13 -6.9 11.5 64 20 25908 30 10 -5.0 -8.7 | 130 23 -17.4 14.6 65 20 26050 320 11 7.1 -8.4 | 160 16 -5.3 14.8 66 19 26213 335 14 5.9 -12.7 | 148 12 -6.5 10.6 67 19 26518 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 162 17 -5.3 16.2 68 18 26822 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 135 19 -13.3 13.3 69 17 27127 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 127 17 -13.6 10.3 70 16 27432 30 15 -7.5 -13.0 | 117 22 -19.9 10.3 71 15 27737 15 18 -4.7 -17.4 | 109 18 -17.1 5.9 72 14 28346 20 16 -5.5 -15.0 | 115 20 -17.9 8.2 73 13 28651 350 27 4.7 -26.6 | 67 8 -7.7 -3.3 74 13 28956 345 32 8.3 -30.9 | 28 9 -4.1 -7.7 75 10 30410 5 24 -2.1 -23.9 | 87 15 -14.5 -0.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 301.9 at 35.1 knts Storm direction: 331.9 at 26.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.5 neg: 0.4 tot: 4.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 68.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 234.4 neg: -32.4 tot: 202.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 67.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.57 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.3 stream: 5.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.22 Bulk Shear: 31.61 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 277 27 216 24| 21.1 0.0 21.1|147.7 0.0 147.7 295.4 0.96| 23.4 22.4 1000 288 31 233 22| 14.2 0.0 14.2|205.8 0.0 205.8 205.8 0.92| 18.1 16.6 1500 296 33 243 20| 8.1 0.0 8.1|217.1 -19.1 198.0 132.0 0.69| 14.9 10.3 2000 298 33 245 18| 6.1 0.6 6.7|217.1 -27.9 189.2 94.6 0.59| 12.0 7.1 2500 299 33 245 18| 5.4 0.5 5.9|230.0 -29.8 200.2 80.1 0.59| 10.6 6.2 3000 300 33 247 18| 4.5 0.4 4.9|234.4 -32.4 202.1 67.4 0.57| 9.3 5.3 4000 300 34 250 18| 3.4 1.4 4.7|243.2 -53.7 189.5 47.4 0.43| 8.6 3.7 5000 300 35 253 19| 3.3 1.1 4.4|289.3 -55.9 233.4 46.7 0.45| 8.3 3.7 6000 302 35 255 18| 2.6 0.9 3.6|291.3 -71.8 219.5 36.6 0.37| 7.5 2.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251129.00.gif