UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 28 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 28 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 89 SFC 984 215 1.2 -4.8 64 6.0 -1.0 270 26 275.6 276.1 273.0 283.1 2.71 2 980 248 0.8 -6.2 59 7.0 -1.7 269 27 275.5 275.9 272.5 282.4 2.45 3 925 712 -3.5 -7.2 75 3.7 -4.7 260 37 275.7 276.1 272.6 282.4 2.40 4 889 1024 -6.5 -7.9 90 1.4 -7.0 267 40 275.8 276.2 272.5 282.4 2.37 5 850 1373 -9.1 -10.4 90 1.3 -9.5 275 44 276.6 277.0 272.5 282.4 2.03 6 844 1428 -9.7 -10.8 92 1.1 -10.0 279 43 276.5 276.9 272.4 282.1 1.98 7 837 1492 -9.9 -11.4 89 1.5 -10.4 283 42 277.0 277.3 272.5 282.4 1.91 8 834 1520 -9.7 -12.2 82 2.5 -10.4 285 41 277.5 277.8 272.6 282.6 1.80 9 794 1897 -12.1 -15.9 73 3.8 -13.0 279 38 278.9 279.1 272.8 282.9 1.39 10 790 1936 -12.5 -16.3 73 3.8 -13.4 278 37 278.8 279.1 272.8 282.8 1.35 11 737 2462 -17.1 -17.9 93 0.8 -17.3 276 34 279.4 279.6 272.9 283.1 1.27 12 730 2533 -17.5 -18.8 90 1.3 -17.8 278 34 279.7 279.9 273.0 283.2 1.19 13 700 2846 -20.1 -20.2 99 0.1 -20.1 275 31 280.2 280.4 273.2 283.5 1.10 14 697 2878 -20.5 -20.6 99 0.1 -20.5 275 31 280.1 280.3 273.1 283.3 1.06 15 683 3027 -21.7 -21.8 99 0.1 -21.7 275 30 280.4 280.6 273.1 283.3 0.98 16 650 3390 -23.5 -23.8 97 0.3 -23.5 270 34 282.4 282.5 274.0 285.0 0.86 17 597 4005 -27.9 -28.4 95 0.5 -28.0 265 38 284.2 284.3 274.6 286.1 0.62 18 596 4017 -27.7 -27.9 98 0.2 -27.7 265 38 284.6 284.7 274.9 286.6 0.65 19 595 4029 -26.9 -27.7 93 0.8 -27.0 265 38 285.7 285.8 275.5 287.7 0.66 20 594 4041 -27.1 -28.2 90 1.1 -27.2 265 38 285.6 285.7 275.4 287.5 0.63 21 591 4078 -27.3 -28.1 93 0.8 -27.4 265 38 285.8 285.9 275.5 287.7 0.64 22 576 4262 -27.5 -29.3 85 1.8 -27.8 265 38 287.6 287.7 276.4 289.5 0.59 23 569 4350 -28.1 -30.2 82 2.1 -28.3 266 37 287.9 288.0 276.5 289.7 0.55 24 552 4567 -29.9 -30.8 92 0.9 -30.0 270 34 288.3 288.4 276.6 290.0 0.53 25 550 4592 -30.1 -32.5 80 2.4 -30.4 270 34 288.4 288.5 276.6 289.8 0.45 26 549 4605 -30.1 -34.5 65 4.4 -30.6 270 34 288.5 288.6 276.5 289.7 0.37 27 548 4618 -29.9 -48.9 14 19.0 -31.0 270 34 288.9 288.9 276.2 289.2 0.08 28 540 4723 -29.5 -48.5 14 19.0 -30.7 270 36 290.6 290.6 277.1 290.9 0.09 29 520 4991 -30.9 -50.9 12 20.0 -32.0 264 43 292.1 292.1 277.8 292.3 0.07 30 505 5199 -29.3 -50.3 11 21.0 -30.6 254 53 296.5 296.5 279.9 296.7 0.08 31 500 5270 -29.5 -50.5 11 21.0 -30.9 250 56 297.1 297.1 280.1 297.3 0.07 32 462 5832 -31.3 -56.3 7 25.0 -32.6 246 59 301.6 301.6 282.1 301.8 0.04 33 456 5924 -31.7 -50.8 14 19.0 -32.9 245 59 302.2 302.2 282.4 302.5 0.08 34 454 5955 -31.9 -48.9 17 17.0 -33.0 245 59 302.4 302.4 282.5 302.7 0.10 35 441 6160 -33.5 -50.5 16 17.0 -34.5 244 58 302.9 302.9 282.7 303.2 0.08 36 421 6484 -35.7 -56.7 10 21.0 -36.6 240 57 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.3 0.04 37 418 6534 -35.3 -61.3 5 26.0 -36.3 239 57 305.2 305.2 283.5 305.3 0.02 38 409 6686 -35.7 -61.7 5 26.0 -36.7 237 57 306.6 306.6 284.1 306.7 0.02 39 400 6840 -36.7 -62.7 5 26.0 -37.7 235 57 307.3 307.3 284.3 307.4 0.02 40 360 7561 -41.9 -66.9 5 25.0 -42.5 235 55 309.7 309.7 285.2 309.8 0.01 41 346 7829 -42.9 -64.9 7 22.0 -43.5 234 54 311.9 311.9 286.0 312.0 0.02 42 300 8780 -47.7 -68.7 7 21.0 -48.1 235 53 318.1 318.1 288.1 318.2 0.01 43 284 9142 -49.1 -70.1 7 21.0 -49.5 235 51 321.1 321.1 289.1 321.2 0.01 44 276 9330 -48.3 -71.3 5 23.0 -48.7 238 51 324.9 324.9 290.3 325.0 0.01 45 260 9723 -50.1 -72.1 6 22.0 -50.5 244 48 327.9 327.9 291.1 327.9 0.01 46 250 9980 -49.3 -76.3 3 27.0 -49.7 235 53 332.8 332.8 292.4 332.8 0.00 47 202 11384 -48.7 -79.7 2 31.0 -49.3 239 54 354.6 354.6 297.6 354.7 0.00 48 200 11450 -47.9 -78.9 2 31.0 -48.5 240 54 356.9 356.9 298.1 356.9 0.00 49 195 11617 -46.7 -79.7 1 33.0 -47.4 240 53 361.4 361.4 299.0 361.4 0.00 50 157 13043 -50.5 -81.5 1 31.0 -51.1 240 47 378.1 378.1 301.9 378.1 0.00 51 150 13340 -50.7 -81.7 1 31.0 -51.3 240 46 382.7 382.7 302.7 382.7 0.00 52 143 13650 -51.3 -82.3 1 31.0 -51.9 240 53 386.9 386.9 303.3 386.9 0.00 53 139 13835 -49.9 -81.9 1 32.0 -50.6 236 51 392.5 392.5 304.2 392.6 0.00 54 132 14171 -50.3 -82.3 1 32.0 -51.0 228 48 397.7 397.7 304.9 397.7 0.00 55 126 14473 -52.7 -82.7 1 30.0 -53.2 229 47 398.7 398.7 305.0 398.7 0.00 56 123 14628 -51.5 -82.5 1 31.0 -52.1 233 48 403.6 403.6 305.7 403.6 0.00 57 102 15833 -54.5 -84.5 1 30.0 -55.1 245 28 420.0 420.0 307.7 420.1 0.00 58 100 15960 -53.9 -83.9 1 30.0 -54.5 240 41 423.6 423.6 308.2 423.6 0.00 59 97 16155 -54.9 -84.9 1 30.0 -55.5 240 41 425.3 425.3 308.3 425.4 0.00 60 81 17315 -52.9 -83.9 1 31.0 -53.7 240 31 451.9 451.9 311.0 452.0 0.00 61 73 17981 -56.3 -86.3 1 30.0 -56.9 255 30 458.4 458.4 311.6 458.4 0.00 62 70 18250 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -54.2 250 12 470.4 470.4 312.7 470.4 0.00 63 65 18721 -56.5 -85.5 1 29.0 -57.2 261 18 473.4 473.4 312.9 473.5 0.00 64 64 18819 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.8 265 17 476.4 476.4 313.2 476.4 0.00 65 58 19437 -58.9 -86.9 2 28.0 -59.5 230 12 483.7 483.7 313.7 483.7 0.00 66 56 19657 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.8 220 13 492.7 492.7 314.4 492.7 0.00 67 50 20370 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.3 245 23 508.0 508.0 315.5 508.0 0.00 68 46 20898 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.5 254 18 519.8 519.8 316.3 519.8 0.00 69 42 21469 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.5 263 6 525.5 525.5 316.6 525.6 0.00 70 40 21774 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.5 291 10 538.4 538.4 317.4 538.5 0.00 71 36 22432 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.5 0 11 546.6 546.6 317.9 546.7 0.00 72 35 22608 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.5 21 10 556.8 556.8 318.5 556.8 0.00 73 33 22975 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.9 70 11 562.5 562.5 318.8 562.6 0.00 74 30 23570 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -60.4 345 4 582.4 582.4 319.8 582.5 0.01 75 22 25498 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -63.0 55 11 628.7 628.7 321.9 628.8 0.01 76 20 26090 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -61.4 55 12 652.2 652.2 322.7 652.3 0.01 77 18 26749 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -60.3 59 23 676.6 676.6 323.6 676.6 0.01 78 17 27107 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -61.3 55 28 684.5 684.5 323.9 684.6 0.01 79 13 28785 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -61.2 39 27 741.2 741.2 325.7 741.3 0.01 80 11 29842 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -58.4 30 22 792.7 792.7 327.1 792.9 0.02 81 10 30450 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -59.3 45 34 810.9 810.9 327.5 811.1 0.02 82 8.9 31191 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -60.0 836.1 836.1 328.1 836.2 0.02 TRP 284 9142 -49.1 -70.1 7 21.0 -49.5 235 51 321.1 321.1 289.1 321.2 0.01 WND 456 5924 -31.7 -50.8 14 19.0 -32.9 245 59 302.2 302.2 282.4 302.5 0.08 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5181.00 m Freezing level: 969.77 mb = 334.33 m = 1096.88 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.26 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 76.86 % Est. max temperature: 3.06 C = 37.51 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 896.19 mb = 960.72 m = 3151.93 ft T: -5.89 C 700-500 lapse rate: 3.88 C/km ThetaE index: 0.79 C Layer 980.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 866.15 mb = 1226.61 m = 4024.26 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.41 g/kg Conv temperature: 1.84 C = 35.31 F Cap Strength: 12.11 C Lifted Index: 12.55 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.35 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 0.80 C Showalter Index: 12.55 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 39.50 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.40 C Cross Totals Index: 19.10 C K Index: 9.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 144.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.02 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 1.00 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 1.41 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 65544.59 J/kg Cap Strength: 12.22 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 873.57 mb = 1160.27 m = 3806.62 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 294 at 30 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 984 215 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 173 13 -1.5 12.5 1 937 610 260 35 34.5 6.1 | 200 20 6.9 18.5 2 925 712 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 205 21 8.9 18.9 3 901 914 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 215 19 11.3 15.9 4 867 1219 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 231 20 15.5 12.5 5 850 1373 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 242 18 16.3 8.6 6 833 1524 285 41 39.6 -10.6 | 261 12 12.1 1.9 7 800 1829 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 239 11 9.9 5.9 8 769 2134 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 222 13 8.3 9.3 9 739 2438 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 214 11 6.3 9.5 10 710 2743 285 33 31.9 -8.5 | 228 6 4.3 3.9 11 700 2846 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 199 10 3.3 9.8 12 681 3048 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 193 10 2.3 9.9 13 625 3658 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 211 18 9.3 15.7 14 575 4267 265 38 37.9 3.3 | 213 19 10.3 15.8 15 551 4572 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 207 14 6.5 12.5 16 528 4877 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 220 16 10.5 12.5 17 500 5270 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 218 40 25.1 31.6 18 456 5924 245 59 53.5 24.9 | 215 46 25.9 37.4 19 445 6096 245 58 52.6 24.5 | 214 45 25.0 37.0 20 400 6840 235 57 46.7 32.7 | 203 49 19.1 45.2 21 356 7620 235 55 45.1 31.5 | 202 47 17.5 44.0 22 311 8534 230 51 39.1 32.8 | 194 47 11.5 45.2 23 300 8780 235 53 43.4 30.4 | 200 46 15.9 42.9 24 284 9142 235 51 41.8 29.3 | 199 44 14.2 41.7 25 284 9144 235 53 43.4 30.4 | 200 46 15.9 42.9 26 259 9754 245 48 43.5 20.3 | 206 36 16.0 32.8 27 250 9980 235 53 43.4 30.4 | 200 46 15.9 42.9 28 215 10973 235 53 43.4 30.4 | 200 46 15.9 42.9 29 200 11450 240 54 46.8 27.0 | 206 44 19.2 39.5 30 150 13340 240 46 39.8 23.0 | 199 38 12.3 35.5 31 148 13411 245 55 49.8 23.2 | 212 42 22.3 35.7 32 129 14326 225 47 33.2 33.2 | 187 46 5.7 45.7 33 112 15240 250 49 46.0 16.8 | 212 35 18.5 29.2 34 102 15850 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 173 24 -3.1 23.9 35 100 15960 240 41 35.5 20.5 | 194 34 8.0 33.0 36 97 16154 240 41 35.5 20.5 | 194 34 8.0 33.0 37 88 16764 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 173 17 -1.9 17.0 38 84 17069 235 32 26.2 18.4 | 178 31 -1.3 30.8 39 73 17983 255 30 29.0 7.8 | 184 20 1.4 20.2 40 70 18250 250 12 11.3 4.1 | 136 23 -16.3 16.6 41 70 18288 245 22 19.9 9.3 | 161 23 -7.6 21.8 42 60 19202 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 125 18 -14.7 10.2 43 57 19507 215 12 6.9 9.8 | 137 30 -20.7 22.3 44 55 19812 225 15 10.6 10.6 | 144 29 -16.9 23.1 45 50 20370 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 163 23 -6.7 22.2 46 50 20422 220 28 18.0 21.4 | 164 35 -9.5 33.9 47 47 20726 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 164 21 -5.9 20.3 48 43 21336 265 3 3.0 0.3 | 117 28 -24.6 12.7 49 41 21641 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 129 23 -17.7 14.2 50 39 21946 335 10 4.2 -9.1 | 98 24 -23.3 3.4 51 37 22250 340 11 3.8 -10.3 | 95 24 -23.8 2.1 52 34 22860 50 10 -7.7 -6.4 | 100 36 -35.2 6.0 53 32 23165 105 14 -13.5 3.6 | 111 44 -41.1 16.1 54 30 23470 150 10 -5.0 8.7 | 123 39 -32.5 21.1 55 30 23570 345 4 1.0 -3.9 | 108 28 -26.5 8.6 56 28 24079 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 100 23 -22.5 3.8 57 26 24384 345 14 3.6 -13.5 | 87 24 -23.9 -1.1 58 25 24689 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 114 30 -27.5 12.5 59 24 24994 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 95 29 -28.4 2.5 60 22 25603 65 11 -10.0 -4.6 | 102 38 -37.5 7.8 61 21 25908 35 10 -5.7 -8.2 | 97 34 -33.3 4.3 62 20 26090 55 12 -9.8 -6.9 | 98 38 -37.4 5.6 63 20 26213 65 16 -14.5 -6.8 | 98 42 -42.0 5.7 64 17 27127 55 28 -22.9 -16.1 | 86 51 -50.5 -3.6 65 16 27432 55 27 -22.1 -15.5 | 87 50 -49.7 -3.0 66 15 27737 70 19 -17.9 -6.5 | 97 46 -45.4 6.0 67 14 28346 45 24 -17.0 -17.0 | 84 45 -44.5 -4.5 68 13 28651 40 28 -18.0 -21.4 | 79 46 -45.5 -9.0 69 11 29870 30 22 -11.0 -19.1 | 80 39 -38.5 -6.6 70 10 30450 45 34 -24.0 -24.0 | 77 53 -51.6 -11.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 264.4 at 40.3 knts Storm direction: 294.4 at 30.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.3 neg: 3.4 tot: 6.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 28.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 129.6 neg: -39.5 tot: 90.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 30.0 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.27 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.7 stream: 2.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.10 Bulk Shear: 9.95 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 263 32 194 17| 0.0 12.6 12.6| 38.3 0.0 38.3 76.6 0.72| 12.8 9.2 1000 265 36 207 18| 4.7 6.3 11.0| 84.6 0.0 84.6 84.6 0.82| 11.1 9.2 1500 270 38 220 16| 5.0 4.2 9.2|121.8 -8.0 113.8 75.9 0.66| 12.2 8.1 2000 272 38 222 15| 3.7 3.5 7.2|121.8 -26.0 95.8 47.9 0.43| 10.7 4.6 2500 273 37 222 14| 4.0 2.8 6.8|125.7 -29.5 96.2 38.5 0.38| 10.0 3.8 3000 273 36 219 13| 3.3 3.4 6.7|129.6 -39.5 90.1 30.0 0.27| 9.7 2.6 4000 272 36 216 14| 2.5 3.4 5.9|142.4 -39.5 102.9 25.7 0.28| 8.3 2.4 5000 270 37 216 15| 2.4 4.9 7.3|158.9 -57.6 101.2 20.2 0.21| 9.6 2.0 6000 264 40 217 21| 2.0 4.9 6.8|158.9-121.9 37.0 6.2 0.13| 9.0 1.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251128.00.gif