UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 27 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 27 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 68 SFC 982 215 1.2 -3.8 69 5.0 -0.7 270 23 275.8 276.3 273.4 283.9 2.93 2 977 256 1.0 -6.0 59 7.0 -1.5 269 25 276.0 276.4 272.8 282.9 2.49 3 925 692 -2.9 -7.1 73 4.2 -4.3 270 42 276.3 276.8 272.9 283.1 2.42 4 903 882 -4.7 -7.1 83 2.4 -5.5 262 44 276.4 276.8 273.1 283.3 2.48 5 877 1112 -6.1 -7.5 90 1.4 -6.5 254 49 277.3 277.7 273.6 284.2 2.48 6 864 1229 -6.7 -9.7 79 3.0 -7.7 250 51 277.8 278.2 273.3 283.8 2.12 7 850 1356 -7.9 -9.9 86 2.0 -8.5 250 52 277.9 278.2 273.3 283.9 2.12 8 815 1681 -10.7 -10.7 100 0.0 -10.7 250 51 278.3 278.6 273.5 284.1 2.07 9 802 1805 -11.7 -11.8 99 0.1 -11.8 250 50 278.5 278.8 273.4 284.0 1.93 10 800 1824 -11.7 -12.6 93 0.9 -11.9 250 50 278.7 279.0 273.4 283.9 1.81 11 797 1852 -11.5 -15.3 73 3.8 -12.5 251 50 279.2 279.4 273.1 283.4 1.46 12 761 2206 -13.1 -17.0 72 3.9 -14.0 265 45 281.2 281.4 274.0 285.1 1.32 13 757 2246 -12.7 -17.1 70 4.4 -13.7 265 44 282.0 282.3 274.5 285.9 1.32 14 747 2347 -12.7 -15.8 78 3.1 -13.5 265 40 283.1 283.4 275.3 287.5 1.49 15 742 2399 -11.9 -16.6 68 4.7 -13.1 265 38 284.5 284.8 276.0 288.7 1.41 16 727 2555 -13.5 -16.8 76 3.3 -14.3 267 35 284.4 284.7 275.9 288.6 1.41 17 700 2842 -14.7 -19.7 66 5.0 -15.8 270 32 286.2 286.4 276.5 289.7 1.14 18 698 2864 -14.3 -20.3 60 6.0 -15.6 270 32 286.9 287.1 276.7 290.2 1.09 19 683 3028 -15.3 -20.2 66 4.9 -16.4 270 33 287.6 287.8 277.2 291.0 1.12 20 670 3173 -14.9 -22.9 50 8.0 -16.6 270 33 289.6 289.7 277.9 292.4 0.90 21 658 3310 -16.1 -24.1 50 8.0 -17.7 270 34 289.7 289.9 277.8 292.3 0.83 22 656 3333 -15.7 -25.7 42 10.0 -17.6 270 34 290.4 290.6 278.0 292.7 0.72 23 653 3367 -15.5 -26.5 38 11.0 -17.6 270 34 291.0 291.2 278.2 293.2 0.67 24 651 3391 -15.5 -26.5 38 11.0 -17.6 270 34 291.3 291.4 278.3 293.4 0.67 25 638 3543 -16.1 -28.1 35 12.0 -18.2 270 35 292.3 292.4 278.7 294.2 0.59 26 615 3818 -18.1 -26.1 50 8.0 -19.6 266 39 293.1 293.2 279.3 295.4 0.74 27 614 3830 -18.3 -25.3 54 7.0 -19.6 266 40 293.0 293.1 279.3 295.5 0.80 28 610 3879 -17.5 -22.5 65 5.0 -18.6 265 41 294.5 294.7 280.3 297.7 1.03 29 600 4003 -16.7 -25.7 46 9.0 -18.5 262 44 296.8 296.9 281.0 299.3 0.79 30 594 4079 -16.9 -25.9 46 9.0 -18.7 260 46 297.4 297.6 281.3 299.9 0.78 31 588 4155 -17.7 -25.7 50 8.0 -19.3 258 48 297.3 297.5 281.3 299.9 0.80 32 543 4747 -21.3 -30.3 44 9.0 -22.7 259 57 299.9 300.0 282.1 301.8 0.57 33 507 5249 -25.1 -35.1 39 10.0 -26.3 256 56 301.2 301.3 282.4 302.5 0.38 34 505 5278 -25.1 -38.1 29 13.0 -26.6 256 56 301.6 301.6 282.4 302.6 0.28 35 500 5350 -25.9 -38.9 28 13.0 -27.3 255 56 301.5 301.5 282.3 302.4 0.26 36 497 5393 -26.1 -41.1 23 15.0 -27.6 255 57 301.7 301.8 282.4 302.5 0.21 37 468 5824 -30.1 -46.1 20 16.0 -31.3 259 55 302.0 302.0 282.4 302.5 0.13 38 459 5962 -30.7 -52.7 10 22.0 -32.0 255 62 302.9 302.9 282.7 303.2 0.06 39 457 5993 -30.1 -56.1 6 26.0 -31.6 254 63 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.2 0.04 40 435 6343 -31.3 -57.3 6 26.0 -32.7 254 81 306.9 306.9 284.2 307.0 0.04 41 404 6861 -35.5 -63.5 4 28.0 -36.5 255 89 308.0 308.0 284.6 308.0 0.02 42 400 6930 -35.9 -63.9 4 28.0 -36.9 255 90 308.3 308.3 284.7 308.4 0.02 43 382 7249 -37.7 -61.7 6 24.0 -38.6 255 90 310.0 310.1 285.4 310.1 0.02 44 364 7580 -39.3 -56.3 15 17.0 -40.0 251 106 312.2 312.2 286.2 312.4 0.05 45 351 7828 -41.1 -61.1 10 20.0 -41.8 250 115 313.1 313.1 286.5 313.2 0.03 46 344 7965 -41.9 -55.9 20 14.0 -42.5 250 118 313.8 313.8 286.8 314.0 0.06 47 343 7984 -42.0 -56.5 19 14.4 -42.6 250 119 313.9 313.9 286.8 314.1 0.05 48 328 8285 -44.1 -65.1 8 21.0 -44.6 250 117 315.1 315.1 287.1 315.1 0.02 49 325 8347 -44.7 -64.7 9 20.0 -45.2 250 115 315.1 315.1 287.1 315.1 0.02 50 315 8556 -45.5 -68.5 6 23.0 -46.0 250 108 316.8 316.8 287.7 316.8 0.01 51 307 8727 -46.3 -69.3 6 23.0 -46.7 250 102 318.0 318.0 288.1 318.0 0.01 52 304 8792 -45.9 -68.9 6 23.0 -46.4 250 100 319.4 319.5 288.6 319.5 0.01 53 300 8880 -46.5 -69.5 6 23.0 -47.0 250 98 319.8 319.8 288.7 319.9 0.01 54 289 9128 -48.5 -69.5 7 21.0 -48.9 250 99 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.4 0.01 55 282 9289 -49.1 -70.1 7 21.0 -49.5 249 98 321.8 321.8 289.3 321.8 0.01 56 280 9336 -48.3 -70.3 6 22.0 -48.7 248 98 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.6 0.01 57 263 9748 -50.9 -70.9 8 20.0 -51.2 245 95 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.7 0.01 58 250 10080 -48.9 -75.9 3 27.0 -49.3 245 92 333.4 333.4 292.6 333.4 0.01 59 200 11540 -50.9 -79.9 2 29.0 -51.3 245 78 352.2 352.2 297.1 352.2 0.00 60 150 13400 -53.9 -82.9 2 29.0 -54.3 250 74 377.2 377.2 301.8 377.2 0.00 61 100 16000 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -56.4 255 37 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 62 98 16129 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -53.4 255 37 428.4 428.4 308.7 428.4 0.00 63 96 16262 -53.3 -84.3 1 31.0 -54.0 257 38 429.7 429.7 308.8 429.7 0.00 64 94 16398 -51.3 -84.3 1 33.0 -52.2 259 39 436.3 436.3 309.5 436.3 0.00 65 75 17837 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 198 31 448.2 448.2 310.7 448.2 0.00 66 70 18270 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 235 41 461.4 461.4 311.9 461.4 0.00 67 63 18932 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.8 252 46 471.5 471.5 312.8 471.5 0.00 68 60 19240 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -56.5 264 31 486.2 486.2 314.0 486.2 0.00 69 59 19347 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.3 263 25 489.0 489.0 314.1 489.0 0.00 70 52 20144 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -60.1 209 11 497.7 497.7 314.8 497.7 0.00 71 51 20266 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.2 227 15 502.8 502.8 315.1 502.8 0.00 72 50 20390 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.7 245 19 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.2 0.00 73 44 21187 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.7 241 17 518.1 518.1 316.2 518.1 0.00 74 42 21477 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -60.2 278 15 529.0 529.0 316.9 529.0 0.00 75 39 21938 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.5 350 12 534.3 534.3 317.2 534.3 0.00 76 33 22970 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.3 78 10 558.3 558.3 318.5 558.3 0.00 77 30 23560 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.4 325 5 579.7 579.7 319.6 579.7 0.01 78 26 24449 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.4 24 2 601.1 601.1 320.6 601.1 0.00 79 22 25487 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.6 55 12 633.5 633.5 322.0 633.5 0.01 TRP 263 9748 -50.9 -70.9 8 20.0 -51.2 245 95 325.6 325.6 290.5 325.7 0.01 WND 343 7984 -42.0 -56.5 19 14.4 -42.6 250 119 313.9 313.9 286.8 314.1 0.05 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5282.00 m Freezing level: 963.67 mb = 367.79 m = 1206.66 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.29 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 62.25 % Est. max temperature: 3.48 C = 38.27 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 908.43 mb = 834.88 m = 2739.07 ft T: -4.25 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.47 C/km ThetaE index: 0.96 C Layer 977.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 849.45 mb = 1360.98 m = 4465.09 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.47 g/kg Conv temperature: 3.28 C = 37.91 F Cap Strength: 15.66 C Lifted Index: 15.51 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.96 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 5.61 C Showalter Index: 14.98 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 34.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.00 C Cross Totals Index: 16.00 C K Index: 3.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 195.89 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.89 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.18 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.52 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 47584.99 J/kg Cap Strength: 15.41 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 869.49 mb = 1179.06 m = 3868.26 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 289 at 35 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 982 215 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 139 15 -10.0 11.5 1 935 610 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 201 16 5.8 14.9 2 925 692 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 218 15 9.0 11.5 3 899 914 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 208 22 10.3 19.1 4 865 1219 250 51 47.9 17.4 | 207 33 14.9 28.9 5 850 1356 250 52 48.9 17.8 | 208 33 15.9 29.3 6 799 1829 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 206 32 14.0 28.6 7 768 2134 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 223 22 14.8 15.7 8 738 2438 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 191 15 2.9 14.6 9 709 2743 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 175 12 -1.0 11.5 10 700 2842 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 175 12 -1.0 11.5 11 627 3658 270 35 35.0 -0.0 | 190 12 2.0 11.5 12 578 4267 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 215 30 17.2 24.9 13 533 4877 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 228 32 24.1 21.6 14 500 5350 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 219 33 21.1 26.0 15 490 5486 255 59 57.0 15.3 | 222 36 24.0 26.8 16 470 5791 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 224 29 20.2 20.9 17 450 6096 250 68 63.9 23.3 | 222 46 30.9 34.7 18 431 6401 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 236 59 49.1 33.5 19 400 6930 255 90 86.9 23.3 | 237 64 53.9 34.8 20 378 7315 255 90 86.9 23.3 | 237 64 53.9 34.8 21 362 7620 250 109 102.4 37.3 | 235 85 69.4 48.8 22 343 7984 250 119 111.8 40.7 | 236 95 78.8 52.2 23 331 8230 250 119 111.8 40.7 | 236 95 78.8 52.2 24 302 8839 250 98 92.1 33.5 | 233 74 59.1 45.0 25 300 8880 250 98 92.1 33.5 | 233 74 59.1 45.0 26 288 9144 250 99 93.0 33.9 | 233 75 60.0 45.4 27 263 9748 245 95 86.1 40.1 | 226 74 53.1 51.6 28 250 10080 245 92 83.4 38.9 | 225 71 50.4 50.4 29 200 11540 245 78 70.7 33.0 | 220 58 37.7 44.5 30 181 12192 250 71 66.7 24.3 | 223 49 33.7 35.8 31 165 12802 245 81 73.4 34.2 | 221 61 40.4 45.7 32 150 13400 250 74 69.5 25.3 | 225 52 36.5 36.8 33 113 15240 250 52 48.9 17.8 | 208 33 15.9 29.3 34 100 16000 255 37 35.7 9.6 | 187 21 2.7 21.1 35 98 16154 255 37 35.7 9.6 | 187 21 2.7 21.1 36 93 16459 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 199 20 6.4 18.4 37 89 16764 265 19 18.9 1.7 | 133 19 -14.1 13.1 38 85 17069 215 12 6.9 9.8 | 129 34 -26.1 21.3 39 77 17678 185 27 2.4 26.9 | 141 49 -30.7 38.4 40 70 18270 235 41 33.6 23.5 | 181 35 0.6 35.0 41 70 18288 220 40 25.7 30.6 | 170 43 -7.3 42.1 42 67 18593 240 40 34.6 20.0 | 183 32 1.6 31.5 43 63 18898 250 48 45.1 16.4 | 203 30 12.1 27.9 44 60 19202 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 179 14 -0.1 14.4 45 58 19507 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 130 22 -17.3 14.3 46 55 19812 220 10 6.4 7.7 | 126 33 -26.6 19.2 47 52 20117 205 10 4.2 9.1 | 126 35 -28.8 20.6 48 50 20390 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 141 25 -15.8 19.5 49 50 20422 225 20 14.1 14.1 | 144 32 -18.9 25.6 50 47 20726 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 141 25 -15.8 19.5 51 43 21336 240 16 13.9 8.0 | 135 27 -19.2 19.5 52 41 21641 325 13 7.5 -10.6 | 92 26 -25.6 0.8 53 32 23165 95 10 -10.0 0.9 | 106 45 -43.0 12.4 54 30 23470 185 12 1.0 12.0 | 126 40 -32.0 23.4 55 30 23560 325 5 2.9 -4.1 | 104 31 -30.1 7.4 56 28 23774 275 10 10.0 -0.9 | 115 25 -23.0 10.6 57 26 24079 30 2 -1.0 -1.7 | 106 35 -34.0 9.8 58 24 24384 20 7 -2.4 -6.6 | 98 36 -35.4 4.9 59 22 24689 60 13 -11.3 -6.5 | 96 45 -44.3 5.0 60 20 24994 15 10 -2.6 -9.7 | 93 36 -35.6 1.8 61 18 25298 65 19 -17.2 -8.0 | 94 50 -50.2 3.5 62 17 25603 35 13 -7.5 -10.6 | 91 40 -40.5 0.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 259.2 at 46.6 knts Storm direction: 289.2 at 35.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.8 neg: 5.1 tot: 8.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 42.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 133.9 neg: -83.8 tot: 50.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 16.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.16 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.2 stream: 1.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.11 Bulk Shear: 28.14 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 267 33 180 13| 0.0 19.8 19.8| 72.3 0.0 72.3 144.6 0.95| 21.0 19.9 1000 262 39 200 18| 0.0 15.6 15.6| 72.9 -18.3 54.5 54.5 0.42| 19.6 8.3 1500 257 43 204 23| 0.0 10.3 10.3| 77.0 -25.8 51.3 34.2 0.39| 13.8 5.4 2000 257 45 206 24| 3.5 7.7 11.2|129.7 -38.2 91.6 45.8 0.37| 14.5 5.4 2500 259 43 205 22| 4.7 6.2 10.8|129.7 -82.6 47.2 18.9 0.15| 14.3 2.1 3000 260 41 203 20| 3.8 5.1 8.9|133.9 -83.8 50.1 16.7 0.16| 12.2 1.9 4000 261 41 203 19| 2.9 6.4 9.3|169.5 -83.8 85.7 21.4 0.22| 11.8 2.5 5000 260 44 208 21| 2.0 5.2 7.3|227.6-112.7 114.8 23.0 0.23| 10.7 2.4 6000 259 47 212 24| 1.9 6.1 8.1|306.3-131.9 174.4 29.1 0.21| 11.6 2.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251127.12.gif