UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112600.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 26 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 26 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 77 SFC 983 215 7.8 7.1 95 0.7 7.4 135 6 282.3 283.4 281.4 300.1 6.44 2 962 395 8.2 6.9 91 1.3 7.5 169 16 284.5 285.6 282.4 302.5 6.49 3 925 721 7.6 7.6 100 0.0 7.6 220 29 287.1 288.3 284.2 307.0 7.09 4 903 920 7.4 7.4 100 0.0 7.4 230 30 288.9 290.1 284.9 309.1 7.17 5 850 1417 5.2 5.2 100 0.0 5.2 255 20 291.6 292.8 285.4 310.3 6.53 6 700 2986 -1.7 -1.7 100 0.0 -1.7 255 34 300.6 301.5 287.1 315.1 4.83 7 645 3634 -4.9 -4.9 100 0.0 -4.9 250 35 304.1 304.9 287.6 316.7 4.12 8 629 3831 -5.7 -7.7 86 2.0 -6.5 251 35 305.4 306.0 287.4 315.9 3.40 9 602 4173 -8.3 -8.6 98 0.3 -8.4 254 35 306.2 306.8 287.6 316.6 3.32 10 579 4475 -10.3 -10.3 100 0.0 -10.3 253 38 307.3 307.9 287.7 316.8 3.02 11 540 5009 -13.7 -13.7 100 0.0 -13.7 250 45 309.4 309.9 287.9 317.3 2.46 12 533 5108 -14.5 -15.6 91 1.1 -14.9 250 46 309.6 310.0 287.6 316.5 2.13 13 527 5194 -15.1 -20.1 66 5.0 -16.4 250 47 309.9 310.2 287.0 314.8 1.47 14 525 5223 -14.9 -17.4 81 2.5 -15.6 250 47 310.5 310.9 287.6 316.6 1.86 15 519 5310 -15.3 -17.4 84 2.1 -15.9 250 48 311.0 311.4 287.8 317.2 1.88 16 509 5456 -16.9 -27.9 38 11.0 -19.2 250 49 310.8 311.0 286.5 313.4 0.76 17 506 5501 -17.1 -29.1 34 12.0 -19.5 250 49 311.1 311.3 286.5 313.5 0.68 18 503 5545 -17.7 -34.7 21 17.0 -20.5 250 50 310.9 311.0 286.2 312.3 0.40 19 501 5575 -17.7 -32.7 26 15.0 -20.4 250 50 311.3 311.4 286.4 313.0 0.49 20 500 5590 -17.7 -32.7 26 15.0 -20.4 250 50 311.5 311.6 286.5 313.2 0.49 21 473 6004 -19.7 -40.7 14 21.0 -22.5 246 53 314.0 314.0 287.0 314.8 0.23 22 467 6099 -19.9 -36.9 21 17.0 -22.5 245 54 314.9 314.9 287.5 316.1 0.35 23 465 6130 -20.1 -31.1 37 11.0 -22.1 245 54 315.0 315.1 287.8 317.1 0.61 24 461 6194 -20.5 -30.5 40 10.0 -22.4 245 55 315.3 315.4 287.9 317.6 0.65 25 460 6211 -20.5 -27.5 53 7.0 -22.0 245 55 315.5 315.6 288.2 318.5 0.87 26 459 6227 -20.3 -20.9 95 0.6 -20.5 244 55 315.9 316.2 289.1 321.2 1.57 27 453 6324 -20.7 -22.7 84 2.0 -21.2 244 55 316.6 316.9 289.1 321.2 1.36 28 452 6340 -20.9 -22.8 85 1.9 -21.4 244 55 316.6 316.8 289.1 321.1 1.35 29 448 6406 -21.5 -24.5 77 3.0 -22.2 244 56 316.6 316.8 288.9 320.6 1.17 30 446 6439 -21.7 -27.7 58 6.0 -22.9 244 56 316.8 316.9 288.7 319.8 0.88 31 445 6455 -21.9 -25.9 70 4.0 -22.8 243 56 316.7 316.9 288.8 320.3 1.04 32 443 6489 -22.1 -26.6 67 4.5 -23.0 243 56 316.9 317.1 288.8 320.2 0.98 33 441 6522 -22.3 -23.5 90 1.2 -22.6 243 57 317.0 317.3 289.2 321.5 1.30 34 439 6555 -22.7 -24.5 85 1.8 -23.1 243 57 316.9 317.2 289.0 321.0 1.20 35 417 6930 -25.9 -26.0 99 0.1 -25.9 241 59 317.5 317.7 289.2 321.3 1.10 36 414 6982 -26.7 -26.9 98 0.2 -26.8 241 59 317.2 317.3 288.9 320.7 1.02 37 411 7035 -27.1 -27.2 99 0.1 -27.1 241 60 317.3 317.5 289.0 320.7 1.00 38 409 7070 -27.3 -27.6 97 0.3 -27.3 241 60 317.5 317.7 289.0 320.8 0.97 39 408 7088 -27.1 -28.6 87 1.5 -27.3 241 60 318.0 318.1 289.0 321.0 0.88 40 406 7123 -27.3 -27.8 95 0.5 -27.4 240 60 318.1 318.3 289.2 321.5 0.96 41 403 7176 -27.7 -28.8 90 1.1 -27.9 240 61 318.3 318.5 289.2 321.4 0.88 42 402 7194 -27.9 -32.7 63 4.8 -28.6 240 61 318.3 318.4 288.9 320.4 0.61 43 400 7230 -28.5 -42.5 25 14.0 -30.0 240 61 317.9 318.0 288.3 318.8 0.23 44 399 7248 -28.7 -42.7 25 14.0 -30.2 240 62 317.9 318.0 288.3 318.7 0.22 45 395 7320 -28.9 -46.9 16 18.0 -30.5 240 64 318.6 318.6 288.5 319.1 0.14 46 393 7356 -29.1 -44.1 22 15.0 -30.6 240 63 318.8 318.8 288.6 319.5 0.19 47 391 7392 -29.1 -49.1 13 20.0 -30.8 240 63 319.2 319.3 288.6 319.7 0.11 48 386 7484 -29.7 -45.7 20 16.0 -31.2 240 61 319.6 319.7 288.8 320.3 0.17 49 380 7595 -30.5 -49.5 14 19.0 -32.0 240 59 320.0 320.0 288.9 320.4 0.11 50 353 8112 -35.1 -50.1 20 15.0 -36.1 242 58 320.6 320.7 289.0 321.1 0.11 51 349 8191 -35.7 -44.7 39 9.0 -36.4 242 58 320.9 320.9 289.2 321.6 0.20 52 348 8210 -36.1 -45.1 39 9.0 -36.8 242 58 320.6 320.6 289.2 321.3 0.20 53 345 8270 -36.5 -42.5 54 6.0 -37.0 242 58 320.8 320.9 289.3 321.8 0.26 54 344 8290 -36.7 -39.4 76 2.7 -37.0 242 58 320.8 320.9 289.4 322.2 0.36 55 343 8310 -36.9 -40.8 67 3.9 -37.2 242 58 320.8 320.9 289.3 322.0 0.32 56 300 9220 -44.1 -57.1 22 13.0 -44.6 250 57 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.4 0.06 57 250 10430 -51.5 -65.5 17 14.0 -51.8 255 57 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.6 0.02 58 216 11375 -53.5 -71.5 9 18.0 -53.8 260 74 340.5 340.5 294.4 340.5 0.01 59 211 11525 -53.4 -72.0 9 18.6 -53.7 260 75 342.9 342.9 295.0 342.9 0.01 60 200 11870 -53.3 -73.3 7 20.0 -53.6 260 71 348.4 348.4 296.3 348.4 0.01 61 150 13710 -57.1 -80.1 4 23.0 -57.4 260 63 371.7 371.7 300.9 371.7 0.00 62 100 16220 -63.7 -84.7 4 21.0 -63.9 260 57 404.7 404.7 305.8 404.7 0.00 63 95 16536 -61.1 -83.1 4 22.0 -61.4 261 56 415.7 415.7 307.2 415.7 0.00 64 87 17079 -63.7 -84.7 4 21.0 -63.9 270 48 421.1 421.1 307.9 421.1 0.00 65 83 17369 -61.5 -84.5 3 23.0 -61.8 275 44 431.3 431.3 309.0 431.3 0.00 66 79 17674 -62.7 -84.7 4 22.0 -63.0 280 40 434.9 434.9 309.4 435.0 0.00 67 74 18077 -61.5 -84.5 3 23.0 -61.8 268 40 445.7 445.7 310.4 445.7 0.00 68 70 18420 -63.3 -85.3 4 22.0 -63.6 275 43 449.0 449.0 310.7 449.0 0.00 69 69 18508 -63.7 -85.7 3 22.0 -64.0 277 41 450.0 450.0 310.8 450.0 0.00 70 68 18598 -62.3 -85.3 3 23.0 -62.6 279 40 454.9 454.9 311.3 454.9 0.00 71 63 19068 -63.5 -86.5 3 23.0 -63.8 277 34 462.3 462.3 312.0 462.3 0.00 72 58 19577 -62.1 -86.1 3 24.0 -62.5 292 28 476.5 476.5 313.2 476.5 0.00 73 50 20490 -63.5 -86.5 3 23.0 -63.8 275 23 493.8 493.8 314.5 493.9 0.00 74 49 20614 -63.5 -86.5 3 23.0 -63.9 277 23 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 75 46 21002 -63.1 -87.1 3 24.0 -63.5 285 22 506.7 506.7 315.4 506.8 0.00 76 45 21138 -60.3 -86.3 2 26.0 -60.9 289 19 516.7 516.7 316.1 516.7 0.01 77 37 22348 -64.1 -88.1 2 24.0 -64.6 288 13 536.7 536.7 317.3 536.7 0.00 78 34 22869 -61.1 -86.1 2 25.0 -61.8 311 11 557.7 557.7 318.5 557.8 0.01 79 30 23640 -64.7 -87.7 3 23.0 -65.2 25 10 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.01 80 28 24062 -65.3 -88.3 3 23.0 -65.8 39 10 577.9 577.9 319.6 577.9 0.01 81 20 26130 -62.7 -87.7 2 25.0 -63.7 40 17 644.2 644.3 322.4 644.3 0.01 82 19 26445 -63.1 -88.1 2 25.0 -64.1 28 18 652.5 652.5 322.8 652.6 0.01 83 18 26778 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.6 38 19 664.6 664.6 323.2 664.6 0.01 84 16 27507 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -61.5 48 23 695.8 695.8 324.3 695.9 0.01 85 14 28338 -60.9 -86.9 2 26.0 -62.5 45 15 719.5 719.5 325.0 719.7 0.01 86 12 29300 -58.5 -85.5 2 27.0 -60.8 37 19 760.5 760.5 326.2 760.7 0.02 87 10 30450 -56.7 -84.7 2 28.0 -59.9 45 36 807.9 807.9 327.4 808.2 0.03 88 9.7 30643 -56.9 -84.9 2 28.0 -60.0 814.2 814.2 327.6 814.5 0.03 89 9.2 30980 -54.9 -83.9 2 29.0 -58.8 834.3 834.3 328.1 834.6 0.04 90 8.8 31263 -56.5 -85.5 1 29.0 -60.0 838.8 838.8 328.1 839.0 0.03 91 8.3 31634 -56.3 -84.3 2 28.0 -60.0 853.7 853.7 328.5 854.1 0.04 92 7.4 32370 -52.5 -82.5 1 30.0 -57.9 897.6 897.7 329.4 898.3 0.06 93 7.2 32546 -53.5 -83.5 1 30.0 -58.6 900.6 900.6 329.4 901.1 0.05 TRP 216 11375 -53.5 -71.5 9 18.0 -53.8 260 74 340.5 340.5 294.4 340.5 0.01 WND 211 11525 -53.4 -72.0 9 18.6 -53.7 260 75 342.9 342.9 295.0 342.9 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5513.00 m Freezing level: 736.96 mb = 2599.43 m = 8528.22 ft Wetbulb zero: 736.75 mb = 2572.54 m = 8439.98 ft Precipitable water: 0.99 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 94.80 % Est. max temperature: 17.95 C = 64.30 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 972.60 mb = 303.52 m = 995.80 ft T: 8.00 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.14 C/km Conv cond level (CCL): 983.00 mb = 215.00 m = 705.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.85 g/kg Conv temperature: 8.00 C = 46.40 F Cap Strength: 7.53 C Lifted Index: 7.36 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 12.54 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 4.55 C Showalter Index: 4.43 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 45.80 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 22.90 C Cross Totals Index: 22.90 C K Index: 28.10 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 152.40 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.61 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 28.16 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.51 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 51702.87 J/kg Cap Strength: 7.38 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 925.48 mb = 716.68 m = 2351.29 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 276 at 26 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 983 215 135 6 -4.2 4.2 | 103 31 -30.0 6.9 1 937 610 210 29 14.5 25.1 | 158 30 -11.3 27.8 2 925 721 220 29 18.6 22.2 | 164 26 -7.1 24.9 3 904 914 230 30 23.0 19.3 | 173 22 -2.8 21.9 4 871 1219 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 175 14 -1.3 14.1 5 850 1417 255 20 19.3 5.2 | 140 10 -6.5 7.8 6 839 1524 255 20 19.3 5.2 | 140 10 -6.5 7.8 7 808 1829 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 143 15 -9.3 12.2 8 778 2134 235 23 18.8 13.2 | 156 17 -6.9 15.9 9 749 2438 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 188 19 2.8 19.2 10 721 2743 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 188 19 2.8 19.2 11 700 2986 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 212 13 7.1 11.5 12 694 3048 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 214 14 8.0 11.7 13 642 3658 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 206 16 7.1 14.6 14 593 4267 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 214 14 8.0 11.7 15 548 4877 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 221 24 15.6 17.7 16 500 5590 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 227 29 21.2 19.8 17 467 6096 245 54 48.9 22.8 | 222 34 23.2 25.5 18 400 7230 240 61 52.8 30.5 | 219 43 27.0 33.2 19 395 7315 240 64 55.4 32.0 | 221 46 29.6 34.7 20 378 7620 240 58 50.2 29.0 | 218 40 24.4 31.7 21 303 9144 245 58 52.6 24.5 | 225 38 26.8 27.2 22 300 9220 250 57 53.6 19.5 | 231 36 27.8 22.2 23 264 10058 255 51 49.3 13.2 | 236 28 23.5 15.9 24 250 10430 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 239 34 29.3 17.4 25 216 11375 260 74 72.9 12.8 | 252 50 47.1 15.5 26 211 11525 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 252 51 48.1 15.7 27 209 11582 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 252 51 48.1 15.7 28 200 11870 260 71 69.9 12.3 | 251 47 44.1 15.0 29 157 13411 245 66 59.8 27.9 | 228 46 34.0 30.6 30 150 13710 260 63 62.0 10.9 | 249 39 36.3 13.6 31 136 14326 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 247 32 29.4 12.4 32 117 15240 265 61 60.8 5.3 | 257 36 35.0 8.0 33 101 16154 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 250 19 18.0 6.5 34 100 16220 260 57 56.1 9.9 | 248 33 30.3 12.6 35 96 16459 260 57 56.1 9.9 | 248 33 30.3 12.6 36 79 17678 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 287 14 13.6 -4.3 37 75 17983 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 247 16 15.1 6.2 38 72 18288 275 39 38.9 -3.4 | 273 13 13.1 -0.7 39 70 18420 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 274 17 17.1 -1.1 40 65 18898 285 34 32.8 -8.8 | 311 9 7.1 -6.1 41 62 19202 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 252 9 8.2 2.7 42 59 19507 295 28 25.4 -11.8 | 3 9 -0.4 -9.2 43 51 20422 255 22 21.3 5.7 | 152 10 -4.5 8.4 44 50 20490 275 23 22.9 -2.0 | 103 3 -2.9 0.7 45 46 21031 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 56 5 -4.5 -3.0 46 44 21336 295 14 12.7 -5.9 | 76 13 -13.1 -3.3 47 41 21641 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 88 14 -14.2 -0.4 48 38 22250 275 13 13.0 -1.1 | 97 13 -12.8 1.5 49 36 22555 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 71 18 -17.3 -5.8 50 34 22860 310 11 8.4 -7.1 | 76 18 -17.4 -4.4 51 32 23165 345 12 3.1 -11.6 | 69 24 -22.7 -8.9 52 31 23470 315 11 7.8 -7.8 | 74 19 -18.0 -5.1 53 30 23640 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 78 31 -30.0 -6.4 54 28 24079 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 81 33 -32.2 -5.0 55 27 24384 345 4 1.0 -3.9 | 87 25 -24.7 -1.2 56 25 24689 10 3 -0.5 -3.0 | 89 26 -26.3 -0.3 57 23 25298 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 59 25 -21.6 -12.8 58 22 25603 40 11 -7.1 -8.4 | 80 33 -32.9 -5.8 59 21 25908 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 73 24 -23.2 -7.0 60 20 26130 40 17 -10.9 -13.0 | 74 38 -36.7 -10.4 61 20 26213 345 19 4.9 -18.4 | 53 26 -20.9 -15.7 62 19 26518 40 18 -11.6 -13.8 | 73 39 -37.4 -11.1 63 17 27127 35 21 -12.0 -17.2 | 69 41 -37.8 -14.5 64 16 27432 60 23 -19.9 -11.5 | 79 47 -45.7 -8.8 65 15 27737 20 23 -7.9 -21.6 | 61 39 -33.7 -18.9 66 14 28346 45 15 -10.6 -10.6 | 78 37 -36.4 -7.9 67 13 28651 55 24 -19.7 -13.8 | 76 47 -45.4 -11.1 68 13 28956 50 26 -19.9 -16.7 | 73 48 -45.7 -14.0 69 12 29261 35 19 -10.9 -15.6 | 71 39 -36.7 -12.9 70 11 29870 60 20 -17.3 -10.0 | 80 44 -43.1 -7.3 71 10 30175 20 21 -7.2 -19.7 | 63 37 -33.0 -17.1 72 10 30450 45 36 -25.5 -25.5 | 66 56 -51.2 -22.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 245.9 at 34.6 knts Storm direction: 275.9 at 25.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.8 neg: 1.2 tot: 7.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 108.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 414.7 neg: -22.3 tot: 392.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 130.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.3 stream: 9.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.06 Bulk Rich Number: 0.38 Bulk Shear: 74.14 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 204 20 140 27| 29.9 0.0 29.9|291.5 0.0 291.5 582.9 0.91| 38.6 35.3 1000 221 24 155 23| 15.2 0.0 15.2|319.3 -0.0 319.3 319.3 0.76| 26.2 20.0 1500 231 23 156 19| 7.6 0.0 7.6|320.6 -20.8 299.8 199.9 0.52| 21.4 11.1 2000 233 23 155 18| 5.7 1.9 7.6|349.6 -20.9 328.7 164.3 0.55| 18.4 10.0 2500 234 25 161 18| 6.1 1.5 7.6|384.7 -20.9 363.8 145.5 0.59| 16.2 9.5 3000 238 26 168 17| 5.8 1.2 7.1|414.7 -22.3 392.3 130.8 0.59| 15.3 9.1 4000 243 28 178 16| 4.5 1.1 5.6|422.3 -28.3 394.0 98.5 0.57| 12.0 6.9 5000 245 31 189 16| 3.6 2.1 5.7|441.6 -28.3 413.3 82.7 0.54| 10.9 5.9 6000 246 35 199 18| 3.0 2.5 5.5|450.2 -51.1 399.1 66.5 0.48| 9.9 4.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251126.00.gif