UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025112512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 25 NOV 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 25 NOV 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 136 SFC 990 215 7.0 -1.0 57 8.0 3.5 150 5 281.0 281.6 277.2 291.0 3.59 2 972 367 9.2 -5.8 34 15.0 3.1 179 9 284.7 285.1 277.7 292.0 2.55 3 957 498 11.2 -8.8 24 20.0 3.4 204 12 287.9 288.3 278.6 294.0 2.05 4 925 782 9.0 -12.0 21 21.0 1.4 220 15 288.5 288.8 278.3 293.4 1.64 5 924 791 9.0 -13.0 20 22.0 1.2 219 15 288.6 288.9 278.2 293.2 1.52 6 907 945 8.6 -20.4 11 29.0 -0.2 209 15 289.7 289.9 277.8 292.3 0.83 7 900 1009 9.2 -24.8 7 34.0 -0.3 219 13 291.0 291.1 278.0 292.8 0.57 8 850 1479 5.6 -22.4 11 28.0 -2.4 255 11 292.0 292.1 278.8 294.4 0.74 9 829 1683 4.0 -25.0 10 29.0 -3.7 250 13 292.4 292.5 278.8 294.4 0.61 10 821 1761 3.4 -18.6 18 22.0 -3.3 247 14 292.6 292.8 279.5 295.9 1.07 11 820 1771 3.2 -15.8 23 19.0 -3.0 247 14 292.5 292.7 279.8 296.7 1.36 12 818 1791 3.2 -12.8 30 16.0 -2.4 246 14 292.7 293.0 280.4 298.0 1.74 13 815 1821 3.2 -5.8 52 9.0 -0.5 245 15 293.0 293.5 282.2 302.0 3.04 14 813 1841 3.2 -7.8 44 11.0 -1.2 245 15 293.2 293.7 281.8 301.0 2.61 15 811 1861 3.4 -20.6 15 24.0 -3.6 243 15 293.6 293.8 279.8 296.5 0.91 16 806 1911 3.2 -31.8 6 35.0 -4.7 240 14 293.9 294.0 279.1 295.0 0.33 17 794 2032 2.2 -26.8 10 29.0 -5.1 232 13 294.1 294.2 279.5 295.9 0.54 18 788 2093 2.0 -12.0 35 14.0 -3.0 228 12 294.6 294.9 281.5 300.4 1.93 19 779 2186 1.2 -7.8 51 9.0 -2.4 226 13 294.7 295.2 282.5 302.8 2.73 20 757 2415 -0.5 -6.5 64 6.0 -2.9 230 21 295.2 295.8 283.2 304.5 3.10 21 733 2672 -2.1 -11.1 50 9.0 -5.3 230 29 296.2 296.6 282.6 303.0 2.23 22 724 2770 -2.9 -10.9 54 8.0 -5.8 230 32 296.4 296.8 282.7 303.4 2.30 23 711 2913 -4.1 -8.3 73 4.2 -5.7 233 36 296.6 297.1 283.5 305.3 2.87 24 700 3036 -5.1 -9.4 72 4.3 -6.7 235 39 296.8 297.3 283.4 305.0 2.68 25 661 3484 -8.7 -11.0 83 2.3 -9.5 242 37 297.7 298.1 283.5 305.3 2.50 26 655 3555 -9.1 -11.0 86 1.9 -9.8 243 37 298.0 298.5 283.7 305.7 2.52 27 650 3614 -9.5 -12.9 76 3.4 -10.6 244 36 298.2 298.6 283.4 304.9 2.18 28 623 3941 -11.1 -11.9 94 0.8 -11.3 258 34 300.0 300.5 284.4 307.6 2.46 29 616 4028 -10.9 -11.0 99 0.1 -10.9 263 33 301.2 301.7 285.1 309.5 2.68 30 585 4424 -13.1 -13.2 99 0.1 -13.1 273 34 303.1 303.6 285.5 310.5 2.36 31 565 4691 -11.3 -14.1 80 2.8 -12.2 268 40 308.3 308.7 287.3 315.6 2.27 32 546 4953 -11.9 -18.9 56 7.0 -13.9 265 44 310.6 310.9 287.3 315.8 1.57 33 500 5620 -17.9 -20.9 77 3.0 -18.7 260 47 311.2 311.5 287.4 316.0 1.45 34 468 6108 -22.5 -23.4 92 0.9 -22.7 260 48 311.4 311.7 287.3 315.6 1.24 35 451 6377 -24.5 -27.4 77 2.9 -25.1 256 52 312.2 312.4 287.2 315.3 0.89 36 449 6409 -24.3 -31.3 52 7.0 -25.5 255 53 312.9 313.0 287.1 315.1 0.62 37 448 6426 -24.3 -30.3 58 6.0 -25.3 255 53 313.1 313.2 287.2 315.5 0.69 38 447 6442 -24.5 -31.5 52 7.0 -25.6 254 54 313.0 313.2 287.1 315.2 0.61 39 446 6458 -24.7 -33.7 43 9.0 -26.1 254 54 313.0 313.1 287.0 314.7 0.50 40 444 6491 -24.3 -45.3 13 21.0 -26.5 254 54 313.9 313.9 286.9 314.5 0.15 41 413 7012 -28.5 -45.5 18 17.0 -30.1 245 63 315.1 315.1 287.3 315.6 0.16 42 411 7046 -27.9 -42.9 23 15.0 -29.5 247 63 316.3 316.3 287.8 317.0 0.21 43 400 7240 -28.7 -42.7 25 14.0 -30.2 260 66 317.7 317.7 288.2 318.5 0.22 44 391 7403 -29.7 -44.7 22 15.0 -31.1 258 67 318.5 318.5 288.5 319.1 0.18 45 372 7756 -33.1 -45.1 29 12.0 -34.1 265 65 318.5 318.5 288.5 319.2 0.18 46 357 8044 -35.9 -41.9 54 6.0 -36.4 265 67 318.5 318.6 288.6 319.5 0.27 47 351 8161 -37.1 -45.1 43 8.0 -37.7 264 70 318.5 318.5 288.5 319.2 0.19 48 349 8201 -37.3 -43.3 54 6.0 -37.8 264 71 318.7 318.8 288.6 319.6 0.24 49 347 8240 -37.7 -42.6 60 4.9 -38.1 264 73 318.7 318.7 288.6 319.6 0.26 50 321 8774 -41.5 -44.7 71 3.2 -41.7 262 88 320.6 320.6 289.2 321.4 0.22 51 315 8902 -42.1 -46.6 61 4.5 -42.4 261 92 321.5 321.5 289.4 322.2 0.18 52 303 9163 -44.3 -47.2 73 2.9 -44.5 259 99 322.0 322.0 289.6 322.7 0.18 53 300 9230 -44.9 -48.0 71 3.1 -45.0 255 100 322.1 322.1 289.6 322.7 0.17 54 292 9411 -46.3 -49.6 69 3.3 -46.4 255 100 322.6 322.6 289.7 323.1 0.14 55 290 9457 -46.5 -50.4 64 3.9 -46.7 255 100 322.9 323.0 289.8 323.4 0.13 56 282 9644 -46.9 -50.5 67 3.6 -47.1 256 109 325.0 325.0 290.4 325.5 0.13 57 250 10440 -51.1 -55.4 60 4.3 -51.2 260 142 330.1 330.1 291.8 330.4 0.08 58 216 11370 -56.9 -62.3 50 5.4 -57.0 265 144 335.3 335.3 293.2 335.4 0.04 59 200 11850 -59.9 -65.9 45 6.0 -60.0 275 121 337.9 337.9 293.8 338.0 0.03 60 183 12405 -62.3 -77.3 12 15.0 -62.4 280 93 342.7 342.7 295.0 342.7 0.01 61 150 13650 -58.9 -82.9 3 24.0 -59.1 280 63 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.00 62 100 16190 -60.9 -85.9 2 25.0 -61.2 275 49 410.1 410.1 306.5 410.1 0.00 63 73 18133 -62.5 -87.5 2 25.0 -62.8 282 39 445.3 445.3 310.4 445.3 0.00 64 70 18390 -64.3 -88.3 2 24.0 -64.6 290 33 446.8 446.8 310.6 446.8 0.00 65 69 18478 -64.3 -88.3 2 24.0 -64.6 292 33 448.7 448.7 310.7 448.7 0.00 66 65 18846 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.1 282 30 462.1 462.1 312.0 462.1 0.00 67 60 19343 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.5 286 27 471.9 471.9 312.8 471.9 0.00 68 57 19659 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.4 278 27 474.3 474.3 313.0 474.3 0.00 69 56 19768 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.3 279 26 481.7 481.7 313.6 481.8 0.00 70 55 19880 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 281 25 485.1 485.1 313.8 485.2 0.00 71 51 20347 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.9 289 30 493.4 493.4 314.5 493.4 0.00 72 50 20470 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 300 19 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 73 44 21265 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.7 304 21 520.5 520.5 316.4 520.6 0.00 74 41 21703 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.0 312 19 525.2 525.2 316.6 525.2 0.00 75 39 22011 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.3 326 16 534.8 534.8 317.2 534.8 0.00 76 36 22504 -64.3 -89.3 2 25.0 -64.8 322 5 540.4 540.4 317.5 540.4 0.00 77 34 22854 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.8 315 7 552.0 552.0 318.2 552.0 0.00 78 30 23620 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.2 40 13 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.00 79 29 23826 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.4 38 13 573.2 573.2 319.3 573.3 0.00 80 25 24736 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.8 34 11 606.7 606.7 320.9 606.8 0.01 81 21 25804 -65.5 -90.5 2 25.0 -66.1 20 11 626.9 626.9 321.7 626.9 0.01 82 20 26100 -65.3 -90.3 2 25.0 -66.0 35 10 636.3 636.3 322.2 636.3 0.01 83 18 26742 -65.3 -90.3 2 25.0 -66.1 30 15 655.8 655.8 322.9 655.8 0.01 84 18 26742 -64.1 -90.1 2 26.0 -65.0 30 15 659.5 659.5 323.0 659.6 0.01 85 17 27092 -65.5 -90.5 2 25.0 -66.3 6 17 665.9 665.9 323.3 666.0 0.01 86 16 27464 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -63.7 4 17 687.4 687.4 324.0 687.4 0.01 87 15 27863 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.9 8 24 703.5 703.5 324.6 703.5 0.01 88 14 28291 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -63.5 33 17 715.5 715.5 324.9 715.5 0.01 89 12 29253 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -60.7 12 20 761.2 761.2 326.3 761.3 0.02 90 11 29800 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -61.7 12 18 776.0 776.0 326.6 776.1 0.02 91 10 30400 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -60.2 5 12 806.4 806.4 327.4 806.6 0.02 92 8.0 31818 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -59.3 5 10 867.5 867.5 328.8 867.8 0.03 93 7.6 32148 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -57.8 5 10 891.6 891.7 329.2 892.1 0.04 94 7.2 32498 -52.1 -84.1 1 32.0 -57.8 5 9 906.3 906.4 329.5 906.8 0.05 95 7.0 32680 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -58.2 5 9 912.0 912.0 329.7 912.5 0.04 96 6.8 32867 -53.5 -84.5 1 31.0 -58.8 915.4 915.5 329.7 915.9 0.05 TRP 183 12405 -62.3 -77.3 12 15.0 -62.4 280 93 342.7 342.7 295.0 342.7 0.01 WND 216 11370 -56.9 -62.3 50 5.4 -57.0 265 144 335.3 335.3 293.2 335.4 0.04 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5484.00 m Freezing level: 763.47 mb = 2347.89 m = 7702.97 ft Wetbulb zero: 908.93 mb = 926.99 m = 3041.27 ft Precipitable water: 0.42 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 55.58 % Est. max temperature: 18.22 C = 64.79 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 875.57 mb = 1235.10 m = 4052.13 ft T: 7.47 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.95 C/km ThetaE index: 6.99 C Layer 813.0- 794.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 495.25 mb = 5690.40 m = 18669.05 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.79 g/kg Conv temperature: 37.22 C = 98.99 F Cap Strength: 16.62 C Lifted Index: 16.12 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 20.71 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.31 C Showalter Index: 15.07 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 19.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 23.50 C Cross Totals Index: -4.50 C K Index: -3.20 Risk: None Sweat Index: 69.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.44 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 31.50 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.94 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70058.62 J/kg Cap Strength: 16.55 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 688.51 mb = 3165.30 m = 10384.72 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 282 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 150 5 -2.5 4.3 | 110 26 -24.3 8.8 1 944 610 225 15 10.6 10.6 | 143 19 -11.2 15.1 2 925 782 220 15 9.6 11.5 | 143 20 -12.2 16.0 3 910 914 205 16 6.8 14.5 | 142 24 -15.0 19.0 4 877 1219 250 7 6.6 2.4 | 114 17 -15.2 6.9 5 850 1479 255 11 10.6 2.8 | 123 13 -11.2 7.3 6 845 1524 255 10 9.7 2.6 | 120 14 -12.1 7.1 7 814 1829 245 15 13.6 6.3 | 143 14 -8.2 10.8 8 783 2134 225 12 8.5 8.5 | 134 19 -13.3 12.9 9 754 2438 230 22 16.9 14.1 | 165 19 -4.9 18.6 10 726 2743 230 31 23.7 19.9 | 185 24 2.0 24.4 11 700 3036 235 39 31.9 22.4 | 201 29 10.1 26.8 12 699 3048 235 39 31.9 22.4 | 201 29 10.1 26.8 13 646 3658 245 36 32.6 15.2 | 209 22 10.8 19.7 14 596 4267 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 259 9 9.1 1.8 15 551 4877 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 249 24 22.0 8.3 16 500 5620 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 243 28 24.5 12.6 17 468 6096 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 243 29 25.5 12.8 18 413 7010 245 63 57.1 26.6 | 229 47 35.3 31.1 19 400 7240 260 66 65.0 11.5 | 250 46 43.2 15.9 20 396 7315 255 67 64.7 17.3 | 243 48 42.9 21.8 21 379 7620 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 257 45 44.0 10.2 22 362 7925 265 64 63.8 5.6 | 257 43 42.0 10.0 23 304 9144 260 99 97.5 17.2 | 254 79 75.7 21.7 24 300 9230 255 100 96.6 25.9 | 248 81 74.8 30.3 25 290 9449 255 100 96.6 25.9 | 248 81 74.8 30.3 26 253 10363 260 143 140.8 24.8 | 256 123 119.0 29.3 27 250 10440 260 142 139.8 24.7 | 256 122 118.0 29.1 28 216 11370 265 144 143.5 12.6 | 262 123 121.7 17.0 29 209 11582 265 144 143.5 12.6 | 262 123 121.7 17.0 30 200 11850 275 121 120.5 -10.5 | 274 99 98.7 -6.1 31 183 12405 280 93 91.6 -16.1 | 280 71 69.8 -11.7 32 172 12802 275 72 71.7 -6.3 | 272 50 49.9 -1.8 33 156 13411 275 67 66.7 -5.8 | 272 45 44.9 -1.4 34 150 13650 280 63 62.0 -10.9 | 279 41 40.2 -6.5 35 122 14935 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 287 35 33.3 -10.3 36 116 15240 280 50 49.2 -8.7 | 279 28 27.4 -4.2 37 101 16154 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 244 29 26.5 13.0 38 100 16190 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 270 27 27.0 0.2 39 96 16459 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 270 27 27.0 0.2 40 79 17678 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 304 13 11.1 -7.5 41 75 17983 275 39 38.9 -3.4 | 266 17 17.1 1.1 42 71 18288 290 38 35.7 -13.0 | 302 16 13.9 -8.5 43 70 18390 290 33 31.0 -11.3 | 307 11 9.2 -6.8 44 68 18593 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 319 12 8.1 -9.5 45 64 18898 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 276 8 7.7 -0.7 46 61 19202 295 26 23.6 -11.0 | 345 7 1.8 -6.5 47 58 19507 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 255 7 7.1 1.9 48 53 20117 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 344 2 0.4 -1.5 49 50 20422 290 32 30.1 -10.9 | 308 11 8.3 -6.5 50 50 20470 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 47 7 -5.3 -5.0 51 48 20726 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 47 7 -5.3 -5.0 52 46 21031 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 91 5 -5.4 0.1 53 43 21336 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 27 11 -4.9 -9.7 54 41 21641 310 20 15.3 -12.9 | 38 11 -6.5 -8.4 55 39 21946 320 17 10.9 -13.0 | 52 14 -10.9 -8.6 56 37 22250 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 75 21 -20.1 -5.4 57 36 22555 315 4 2.8 -2.8 | 95 19 -19.0 1.6 58 32 23165 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 80 15 -14.7 -2.6 59 31 23470 10 13 -2.3 -12.8 | 71 25 -24.1 -8.3 60 30 23620 40 13 -8.4 -10.0 | 80 31 -30.2 -5.5 61 28 24079 35 14 -8.0 -11.5 | 77 31 -29.8 -7.0 62 26 24384 15 12 -3.1 -11.6 | 74 26 -24.9 -7.1 63 25 24689 35 11 -6.3 -9.0 | 81 28 -28.1 -4.5 64 22 25603 20 2 -0.7 -1.9 | 97 23 -22.5 2.6 65 21 25908 20 16 -5.5 -15.0 | 69 29 -27.3 -10.6 66 20 26100 35 10 -5.7 -8.2 | 82 28 -27.5 -3.7 67 20 26213 30 29 -14.5 -25.1 | 60 42 -36.3 -20.7 68 19 26518 45 14 -9.9 -9.9 | 80 32 -31.7 -5.4 69 17 27127 5 17 -1.5 -16.9 | 62 26 -23.3 -12.5 70 16 27432 5 15 -1.3 -14.9 | 66 25 -23.1 -10.5 71 15 27737 360 26 -0.0 -26.0 | 45 31 -21.8 -21.5 72 14 28346 35 16 -9.2 -13.1 | 74 32 -31.0 -8.6 73 13 28651 30 12 -6.0 -10.4 | 78 28 -27.8 -5.9 74 13 28956 25 26 -11.0 -23.6 | 60 38 -32.8 -19.1 75 11 29566 360 14 -0.0 -14.0 | 66 24 -21.8 -9.5 76 10 30175 30 24 -12.0 -20.8 | 64 38 -33.8 -16.3 77 10 30400 5 12 -1.0 -12.0 | 72 24 -22.8 -7.5 78 7 32680 5 9 -0.8 -9.0 | 79 23 -22.6 -4.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 251.6 at 29.7 knts Storm direction: 281.6 at 22.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.5 neg: 1.5 tot: 7.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 93.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 261.4 neg: -53.9 tot: 207.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 69.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.45 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.2 stream: 6.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.49 Bulk Shear: 64.52 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 213 11 131 21| 14.7 0.0 14.7| 87.8 -0.7 87.2 174.4 0.80| 17.7 14.2 1000 215 12 134 21| 4.8 0.0 4.8| 87.8 -45.3 42.6 42.6 0.14| 17.7 2.4 1500 227 11 132 18| 3.2 2.1 5.3|105.6 -45.3 60.3 40.2 0.23| 14.0 3.2 2000 230 12 134 18| 2.4 2.2 4.6|124.0 -53.9 70.1 35.0 0.23| 13.0 3.0 2500 230 14 141 17| 4.7 1.8 6.5|198.0 -53.9 144.1 57.6 0.39| 13.6 5.3 3000 231 18 153 18| 5.5 1.5 7.0|261.4 -53.9 207.5 69.2 0.45| 13.2 6.0 4000 239 22 171 16| 4.2 1.1 5.3|325.4 -53.9 271.4 67.9 0.49| 12.7 6.3 5000 248 26 189 14| 3.4 2.4 5.7|328.4 -74.7 253.7 50.7 0.40| 11.9 4.7 6000 252 30 205 15| 2.8 2.5 5.3|330.1 -93.7 236.4 39.4 0.36| 10.5 3.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251125.12.gif