UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025102300.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 23 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 23 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 38 SFC 978 215 7.0 5.5 90 1.5 6.2 195 13 281.9 282.9 280.4 297.9 5.79 2 963 344 6.4 4.5 88 1.9 5.5 201 20 282.6 283.5 280.4 297.8 5.48 3 925 677 3.8 3.4 97 0.4 3.6 220 37 283.2 284.1 280.4 297.9 5.28 4 917 748 3.2 3.2 100 0.0 3.2 223 37 283.3 284.2 280.4 297.9 5.25 5 850 1361 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 240 29 286.1 286.9 280.8 298.9 4.50 6 801 1835 -2.1 -2.1 100 0.0 -2.1 255 32 288.8 289.5 281.6 300.6 4.09 7 771 2137 -3.5 -3.7 99 0.2 -3.6 260 31 290.5 291.1 282.0 301.4 3.77 8 700 2893 -9.3 -10.9 88 1.6 -9.8 265 33 292.2 292.6 281.0 299.3 2.38 9 692 2982 -9.9 -11.7 87 1.8 -10.5 264 33 292.5 292.9 281.0 299.2 2.25 10 685 3060 -10.7 -13.9 77 3.2 -11.6 263 33 292.4 292.8 280.6 298.2 1.90 11 683 3083 -10.5 -12.7 84 2.2 -11.2 263 33 292.9 293.3 281.0 299.3 2.11 12 677 3151 -11.3 -14.5 77 3.2 -12.2 262 33 292.8 293.1 280.6 298.3 1.83 13 674 3185 -11.7 -14.5 80 2.8 -12.5 261 33 292.7 293.0 280.6 298.3 1.84 14 643 3544 -13.9 -16.0 84 2.1 -14.5 257 32 294.2 294.5 281.1 299.4 1.71 15 638 3604 -14.1 -18.0 72 3.9 -15.1 256 32 294.6 294.8 280.9 299.1 1.45 16 635 3640 -14.5 -18.1 74 3.6 -15.4 255 32 294.5 294.8 280.9 299.0 1.45 17 622 3796 -15.5 -21.5 60 6.0 -16.9 256 33 295.1 295.3 280.7 298.6 1.10 18 602 4043 -16.7 -20.4 73 3.7 -17.6 258 36 296.5 296.7 281.5 300.4 1.25 19 599 4080 -17.1 -22.1 65 5.0 -18.2 258 37 296.5 296.7 281.3 299.9 1.09 20 594 4143 -17.5 -22.4 66 4.9 -18.6 259 37 296.7 296.9 281.4 300.1 1.07 21 590 4194 -18.1 -24.1 59 6.0 -19.3 259 38 296.6 296.8 281.1 299.5 0.92 22 566 4503 -20.5 -25.2 66 4.7 -21.4 260 38 297.3 297.5 281.4 300.1 0.87 23 557 4621 -21.5 -27.5 58 6.0 -22.5 260 37 297.5 297.6 281.3 299.8 0.72 24 526 5042 -24.1 -26.5 80 2.4 -24.5 256 37 299.3 299.4 282.2 302.0 0.83 25 518 5154 -24.9 -27.9 76 3.0 -25.4 252 37 299.6 299.8 282.2 302.1 0.74 26 508 5295 -26.1 -29.7 72 3.6 -26.6 248 38 299.9 300.0 282.1 302.0 0.64 27 500 5410 -27.1 -30.2 75 3.1 -27.5 245 38 300.0 300.1 282.2 302.0 0.62 28 495 5482 -27.5 -30.3 77 2.8 -27.9 245 38 300.4 300.5 282.4 302.4 0.62 29 489 5570 -28.3 -32.8 65 4.5 -28.9 246 39 300.4 300.5 282.2 302.1 0.50 30 482 5673 -28.9 -33.1 67 4.2 -29.4 246 40 300.9 301.0 282.4 302.6 0.49 31 481 5687 -29.3 -35.3 56 6.0 -30.0 247 41 300.6 300.7 282.1 302.0 0.39 32 478 5732 -29.5 -33.1 71 3.6 -29.9 247 41 300.9 301.0 282.4 302.6 0.49 33 476 5762 -30.1 -38.1 46 8.0 -30.9 247 42 300.5 300.6 282.0 301.6 0.30 34 475 5777 -30.3 -37.3 50 7.0 -31.0 247 42 300.5 300.5 282.0 301.6 0.33 35 471 5837 -30.7 -37.7 50 7.0 -31.4 248 42 300.7 300.8 282.1 301.8 0.32 36 470 5852 -31.1 -39.1 45 8.0 -31.9 248 43 300.4 300.4 281.9 301.3 0.27 37 463 5958 -32.1 -38.1 55 6.0 -32.7 249 44 300.4 300.5 282.0 301.5 0.31 38 460 6003 -32.3 -38.3 55 6.0 -32.9 249 45 300.7 300.8 282.1 301.8 0.30 39 455 6080 -32.9 -38.9 55 6.0 -33.4 250 46 300.9 301.0 282.1 301.9 0.29 40 454 6096 -33.3 -40.3 49 7.0 -33.9 250 46 300.6 300.7 282.0 301.5 0.25 41 447 6204 -34.1 -39.1 61 5.0 -34.6 251 46 301.0 301.0 282.1 301.9 0.29 42 443 6267 -34.7 -40.7 54 6.0 -35.2 252 47 301.0 301.0 282.1 301.8 0.25 43 441 6299 -34.9 -39.5 63 4.6 -35.3 252 47 301.1 301.2 282.2 302.1 0.28 44 440 6314 -34.9 -40.9 54 6.0 -35.4 252 47 301.3 301.3 282.3 302.1 0.24 45 433 6426 -35.9 -41.9 54 6.0 -36.3 254 47 301.4 301.5 282.3 302.2 0.22 46 418 6669 -38.1 -43.1 59 5.0 -38.4 256 49 301.7 301.7 282.3 302.4 0.20 47 414 6735 -38.5 -43.5 59 5.0 -38.8 257 49 302.0 302.0 282.4 302.7 0.20 48 409 6818 -39.3 -45.3 53 6.0 -39.6 258 49 302.0 302.0 282.4 302.6 0.16 49 407 6852 -39.5 -50.5 30 11.0 -40.0 259 49 302.1 302.2 282.4 302.5 0.09 50 400 6970 -40.3 -48.3 42 8.0 -40.7 260 50 302.6 302.6 282.6 303.0 0.12 51 398 7004 -40.5 -48.5 42 8.0 -40.9 260 50 302.8 302.8 282.7 303.2 0.12 52 394 7073 -41.1 -45.9 60 4.8 -41.3 261 50 302.9 302.9 282.8 303.4 0.16 53 393 7090 -41.3 -46.1 60 4.8 -41.6 261 50 302.8 302.9 282.7 303.4 0.16 54 391 7125 -41.5 -43.3 83 1.8 -41.6 261 50 303.0 303.1 282.9 303.8 0.21 55 386 7212 -42.3 -47.1 59 4.8 -42.5 262 51 303.1 303.1 282.8 303.6 0.14 56 354 7793 -45.9 -52.9 45 7.0 -46.2 265 53 305.8 305.9 283.8 306.1 0.08 57 300 8900 -44.1 -64.1 9 20.0 -44.7 260 55 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.3 0.02 58 250 10120 -46.1 -65.1 10 19.0 -46.6 255 52 337.5 337.5 293.7 337.6 0.02 59 200 11600 -46.1 -70.1 5 24.0 -46.8 260 40 359.8 359.8 298.7 359.8 0.02 60 150 13510 -48.7 -70.7 6 22.0 -49.4 255 48 386.2 386.2 303.2 386.2 0.02 61 100 16130 -53.5 -74.5 6 21.0 -54.1 245 28 424.4 424.4 308.2 424.4 0.02 62 96 16392 -52.7 -73.7 6 21.0 -53.4 261 26 430.9 430.9 308.9 431.0 0.02 63 85 17173 -53.9 -74.9 6 21.0 -54.6 246 29 443.7 443.7 310.3 443.8 0.02 64 74 18051 -58.7 -78.7 6 20.0 -59.2 260 21 451.6 451.6 311.0 451.6 0.01 65 71 18311 -57.3 -77.3 6 20.0 -57.8 285 26 459.9 459.9 311.8 460.0 0.01 66 70 18400 -57.9 -78.9 5 21.0 -58.4 305 22 460.5 460.5 311.8 460.6 0.01 67 65 18867 -58.9 -79.9 5 21.0 -59.4 307 22 468.2 468.2 312.5 468.3 0.01 68 63 19064 -57.5 -78.5 5 21.0 -58.1 294 15 475.5 475.5 313.1 475.6 0.01 69 55 19920 -58.9 -79.9 5 21.0 -59.5 248 11 491.1 491.1 314.3 491.2 0.01 70 53 20153 -57.9 -79.9 4 22.0 -58.6 229 12 498.7 498.7 314.8 498.7 0.01 71 50 20520 -59.1 -79.1 6 20.0 -59.7 260 16 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.3 0.02 72 43 21461 -60.3 -80.3 6 20.0 -60.9 266 13 523.5 523.5 316.5 523.6 0.01 73 40 21913 -58.9 -80.9 4 22.0 -59.7 270 16 537.9 537.9 317.4 538.0 0.01 74 30 23710 -60.1 -81.1 5 21.0 -61.0 265 22 580.8 580.8 319.7 580.9 0.02 75 28 24141 -60.5 -81.5 5 21.0 -61.4 264 22 591.3 591.3 320.2 591.4 0.02 76 25 24852 -58.1 -81.1 4 23.0 -59.4 261 25 617.6 617.6 321.4 617.8 0.02 77 24 25109 -59.3 -82.3 4 23.0 -60.5 266 22 621.4 621.4 321.6 621.5 0.02 78 22 25656 -58.7 -82.7 3 24.0 -60.1 257 20 638.8 638.8 322.3 639.0 0.02 79 21 25950 -56.3 -81.3 3 25.0 -58.1 256 24 654.6 654.7 322.9 654.8 0.03 80 20 26260 -56.9 -80.9 3 24.0 -58.7 270 22 662.0 662.0 323.2 662.2 0.03 81 16 27677 -55.7 -80.7 3 25.0 -58.1 267 23 709.5 709.6 324.7 709.9 0.04 82 15 28088 -56.3 -82.3 2 26.0 -58.7 277 26 720.8 720.8 325.1 721.0 0.03 TRP 354 7793 -45.9 -52.9 45 7.0 -46.2 265 53 305.8 305.9 283.8 306.1 0.08 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5372.00 m Freezing level: 850.00 mb = 1361.00 m = 4465.17 ft Wetbulb zero: 849.54 mb = 1365.31 m = 4479.31 ft Precipitable water: 0.60 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 84.17 % Est. max temperature: 12.35 C = 54.23 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 955.77 mb = 406.10 m = 1332.34 ft T: 5.91 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.07 C/km ThetaE index: 3.24 C Layer 700.0- 683.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 917.50 mb = 743.27 m = 2438.53 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.27 g/kg Conv temperature: 8.33 C = 47.00 F Cap Strength: 3.29 C Lifted Index: 3.29 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.93 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.29 C Showalter Index: 2.65 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 54.20 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 27.10 C Cross Totals Index: 27.10 C K Index: 25.50 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 235.89 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.62 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 9.90 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.45 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.00 J/kg Cap Strength: 3.31 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 916.94 mb = 748.23 m = 2454.78 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 911.94 mb = 792.43 m = 2599.79 ft Equ Level (EL): 901.94 mb = 881.56 m = 2892.21 ft B at Equ Level: 9.74 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 821.94 mb = 1628.84 m = 5343.90 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 282 at 26 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 978 215 195 13 3.4 12.6 | 129 28 -22.1 17.8 1 933 610 215 35 20.1 28.7 | 171 34 -5.4 34.0 2 925 677 220 37 23.8 28.3 | 177 34 -1.6 33.6 3 898 914 230 36 27.6 23.1 | 184 29 2.2 28.4 4 865 1219 240 32 27.7 16.0 | 186 21 2.3 21.3 5 850 1361 240 29 25.1 14.5 | 179 20 -0.3 19.8 6 833 1524 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 219 10 6.5 8.1 7 801 1829 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 202 15 5.5 13.6 8 771 2134 260 31 30.5 5.4 | 206 12 5.1 10.7 9 742 2438 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 209 9 4.5 7.9 10 713 2743 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 226 12 8.4 8.3 11 700 2893 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 222 11 7.4 8.2 12 632 3658 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 202 15 5.5 13.6 13 583 4267 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 227 18 13.0 12.1 14 537 4877 260 36 35.5 6.3 | 221 15 10.0 11.5 15 500 5410 245 38 34.4 16.1 | 203 23 9.0 21.3 16 495 5486 245 38 34.4 16.1 | 203 23 9.0 21.3 17 453 6096 250 46 43.2 15.7 | 220 28 17.8 21.0 18 400 6970 260 50 49.2 8.7 | 240 28 23.8 14.0 19 363 7620 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 250 28 26.4 9.8 20 354 7793 265 53 52.8 4.6 | 250 29 27.4 9.9 21 300 8900 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 243 32 28.7 14.8 22 289 9144 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 243 33 29.7 15.0 23 264 9754 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 204 24 9.9 21.8 24 252 10058 255 53 51.2 13.7 | 234 32 25.8 19.0 25 250 10120 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 233 31 24.8 18.7 26 220 10973 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 219 20 12.2 15.4 27 201 11582 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 230 19 15.0 12.4 28 200 11600 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 229 19 14.0 12.2 29 152 13411 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 234 33 26.7 19.3 30 150 13510 255 48 46.4 12.4 | 230 27 20.9 17.7 31 139 14021 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 236 24 19.9 13.3 32 126 14630 250 41 38.5 14.0 | 214 23 13.1 19.3 33 115 15240 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 221 7 4.6 5.3 34 104 15850 230 26 19.9 16.7 | 166 23 -5.5 22.0 35 100 16130 245 28 25.4 11.8 | 180 17 -0.0 17.1 36 95 16459 265 26 25.9 2.3 | 184 8 0.5 7.6 37 86 17069 240 32 27.7 16.0 | 186 21 2.3 21.3 38 82 17374 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 152 10 -4.7 8.9 39 78 17678 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 126 21 -17.0 12.4 40 71 18288 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 243 1 1.2 0.6 41 70 18400 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 45 10 -7.4 -7.3 42 68 18593 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 108 6 -5.7 1.8 43 65 18898 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 44 12 -8.6 -8.9 44 62 19202 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 103 16 -15.6 3.6 45 59 19507 215 5 2.9 4.1 | 113 24 -22.6 9.4 46 56 19812 260 11 10.8 1.9 | 116 16 -14.6 7.2 47 53 20117 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 124 22 -18.4 12.4 48 51 20422 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 163 10 -2.8 9.3 49 50 20520 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 130 13 -9.7 8.1 50 46 21031 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 140 7 -4.4 5.3 51 44 21336 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 115 15 -13.5 6.3 52 40 21946 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 119 11 -9.4 5.3 53 38 22250 260 19 18.7 3.3 | 142 11 -6.7 8.6 54 36 22555 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 107 7 -6.7 2.0 55 34 22860 240 5 4.3 2.5 | 110 22 -21.1 7.8 56 33 23165 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 103 16 -15.6 3.6 57 31 23470 260 20 19.7 3.5 | 147 10 -5.7 8.8 58 30 23710 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 154 8 -3.5 7.2 59 30 23774 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 197 6 1.6 5.3 60 27 24384 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 138 11 -7.7 8.4 61 26 24689 250 22 20.7 7.5 | 160 14 -4.8 12.8 62 24 24994 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 206 6 2.6 5.3 63 23 25298 260 14 13.8 2.4 | 124 14 -11.6 7.7 64 21 25908 255 24 23.2 6.2 | 169 12 -2.2 11.5 65 20 26213 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 158 10 -3.8 9.1 66 20 26260 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 147 6 -3.4 5.3 67 18 26518 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 175 5 -0.4 5.3 68 17 26822 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 145 12 -7.1 10.2 69 15 27127 280 27 26.6 -4.7 | 243 1 1.2 0.6 70 14 27432 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 163 10 -2.8 9.3 71 13 27737 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 176 14 -1.0 14.2 72 11 28042 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 226 12 8.4 8.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 251.8 at 34.6 knts Storm direction: 281.8 at 26.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.4 neg: 0.5 tot: 5.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 83.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 300.5 neg: -26.0 tot: 274.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 91.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.51 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.4 stream: 6.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.15 Bulk Shear: 64.11 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 212 27 158 30| 26.6 0.0 26.6|225.4 0.0 225.4 450.7 0.96| 28.9 27.9 1000 223 31 171 28| 12.7 0.0 12.7|257.0 0.0 257.0 257.0 0.77| 20.9 16.0 1500 233 31 178 24| 9.8 0.0 9.8|289.0 -14.5 274.6 183.0 0.62| 20.0 12.5 2000 240 31 184 21| 7.2 0.0 7.2|291.9 -18.5 273.4 136.7 0.57| 16.4 9.3 2500 245 31 188 19| 6.5 0.0 6.5|300.5 -18.5 282.0 112.8 0.57| 14.2 8.1 3000 248 31 193 17| 5.4 0.5 5.9|300.5 -26.0 274.6 91.5 0.51| 12.4 6.3 4000 251 32 197 16| 4.9 0.7 5.6|326.4 -34.1 292.4 73.1 0.50| 10.5 5.3 5000 253 33 203 16| 3.8 1.2 5.0|328.5 -58.9 269.6 53.9 0.39| 9.4 3.7 6000 252 35 205 18| 3.7 1.3 5.0|388.3 -71.4 316.9 52.8 0.41| 9.0 3.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251023.00.gif