UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025102212.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 22 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 22 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 31 SFC 978 215 7.0 5.8 92 1.2 6.4 200 14 281.9 283.0 280.6 298.3 5.91 2 935 583 4.2 4.2 100 0.0 4.2 219 30 282.7 283.7 280.5 298.1 5.53 3 925 670 3.8 3.7 99 0.1 3.8 225 31 283.2 284.1 280.6 298.2 5.39 4 897 919 2.4 1.2 92 1.2 1.8 240 31 284.3 285.1 280.1 297.3 4.65 5 861 1250 0.2 0.1 99 0.1 0.1 253 26 285.3 286.1 280.4 298.0 4.47 6 858 1278 0.8 -0.5 91 1.3 0.2 257 26 286.2 287.0 280.6 298.4 4.30 7 851 1344 0.0 -0.2 99 0.2 -0.1 264 27 286.0 286.8 280.7 298.6 4.43 8 850 1353 0.0 -0.3 98 0.3 -0.2 265 27 286.1 286.9 280.7 298.6 4.40 9 837 1476 -0.9 -1.8 94 0.9 -1.3 264 25 286.5 287.2 280.4 297.9 4.00 10 835 1495 -0.9 -0.9 100 0.0 -0.9 264 25 286.7 287.4 280.8 298.9 4.29 11 815 1689 -2.3 -3.0 95 0.7 -2.6 262 21 287.2 287.8 280.4 298.0 3.76 12 779 2046 -4.3 -4.3 100 0.0 -4.3 246 23 288.8 289.4 280.9 299.1 3.57 13 745 2397 -5.7 -7.9 84 2.2 -6.5 240 22 290.9 291.4 281.0 299.3 2.83 14 729 2567 -6.7 -9.3 82 2.6 -7.6 242 20 291.7 292.1 281.0 299.4 2.59 15 700 2883 -9.3 -10.9 88 1.6 -9.8 245 20 292.2 292.6 281.0 299.3 2.38 16 662 3311 -12.5 -13.6 91 1.1 -12.8 245 22 293.3 293.6 281.1 299.4 2.02 17 635 3628 -14.3 -15.9 88 1.6 -14.7 253 21 294.8 295.1 281.4 300.1 1.74 18 620 3808 -15.5 -19.2 73 3.7 -16.4 261 21 295.4 295.6 281.1 299.6 1.35 19 596 4104 -18.1 -20.5 81 2.4 -18.7 258 20 295.7 296.0 281.2 299.7 1.25 20 559 4579 -21.5 -24.1 79 2.6 -22.0 245 21 297.2 297.4 281.4 300.3 0.97 21 556 4619 -21.7 -26.3 66 4.6 -22.5 247 21 297.4 297.6 281.3 300.0 0.80 22 553 4659 -22.1 -25.0 77 2.9 -22.7 249 20 297.4 297.6 281.4 300.3 0.91 23 551 4685 -22.3 -27.1 65 4.8 -23.1 251 20 297.5 297.6 281.3 299.9 0.75 24 530 4969 -24.7 -27.6 77 2.9 -25.2 269 18 297.9 298.1 281.5 300.3 0.75 25 516 5163 -26.3 -29.8 72 3.5 -26.8 279 17 298.3 298.4 281.5 300.3 0.63 26 509 5262 -26.9 -32.9 57 6.0 -27.7 273 20 298.7 298.8 281.4 300.3 0.47 27 508 5276 -27.1 -33.1 57 6.0 -27.9 271 20 298.6 298.7 281.4 300.2 0.46 28 500 5390 -28.1 -32.9 63 4.8 -28.7 260 24 298.8 298.9 281.5 300.4 0.48 29 486 5593 -29.7 -35.7 56 6.0 -30.3 254 26 299.2 299.3 281.5 300.5 0.37 30 485 5608 -29.7 -37.7 46 8.0 -30.5 254 26 299.4 299.5 281.5 300.5 0.31 31 462 5952 -32.9 -37.9 61 5.0 -33.4 251 27 299.6 299.7 281.6 300.7 0.32 32 456 6044 -33.5 -40.5 49 7.0 -34.1 251 27 300.0 300.0 281.7 300.8 0.24 33 455 6060 -33.7 -40.7 49 7.0 -34.3 250 27 299.9 300.0 281.7 300.8 0.24 34 449 6153 -34.3 -41.3 49 7.0 -34.8 252 28 300.3 300.4 281.8 301.1 0.23 35 448 6168 -34.1 -43.1 40 9.0 -34.8 253 29 300.8 300.8 282.0 301.4 0.19 36 447 6184 -34.1 -43.1 40 9.0 -34.8 254 29 301.0 301.0 282.0 301.6 0.19 37 430 6454 -37.1 -43.1 54 6.0 -37.5 265 33 300.5 300.5 281.8 301.2 0.20 38 429 6470 -37.1 -43.1 54 6.0 -37.5 265 32 300.7 300.7 281.9 301.4 0.20 39 428 6486 -37.1 -45.1 43 8.0 -37.6 265 32 300.9 300.9 282.0 301.5 0.16 40 408 6815 -40.1 -46.1 53 6.0 -40.4 261 21 301.2 301.2 282.0 301.7 0.15 41 404 6882 -40.3 -48.3 42 8.0 -40.7 258 20 301.8 301.8 282.3 302.2 0.12 42 400 6950 -40.7 -48.7 42 8.0 -41.1 255 19 302.1 302.1 282.4 302.5 0.11 43 398 6984 -40.9 -49.9 37 9.0 -41.3 258 21 302.3 302.3 282.4 302.6 0.10 44 392 7088 -40.3 -56.3 16 16.0 -40.9 252 23 304.4 304.4 283.2 304.5 0.05 45 379 7318 -39.5 -62.5 7 23.0 -40.2 230 24 308.4 308.4 284.7 308.5 0.02 46 358 7707 -41.7 -64.7 6 23.0 -42.3 241 26 310.5 310.5 285.5 310.6 0.02 47 357 7726 -41.9 -64.9 6 23.0 -42.5 242 26 310.5 310.5 285.5 310.5 0.02 48 348 7899 -41.5 -64.5 7 23.0 -42.2 245 27 313.3 313.3 286.5 313.4 0.02 49 312 8637 -43.3 -67.3 5 24.0 -43.9 249 32 320.7 320.7 289.0 320.8 0.01 50 304 8811 -44.9 -67.9 6 23.0 -45.4 250 33 320.9 320.9 289.0 320.9 0.01 51 300 8900 -44.5 -68.5 5 24.0 -45.1 250 34 322.6 322.6 289.6 322.7 0.01 52 276 9458 -43.3 -73.3 2 30.0 -44.0 252 36 332.2 332.2 292.3 332.2 0.01 53 250 10120 -44.5 -76.5 2 32.0 -45.2 245 36 339.9 339.9 294.3 339.9 0.00 54 220 10980 -44.1 -78.1 1 34.0 -44.9 243 45 353.2 353.2 297.3 353.2 0.00 55 200 11620 -45.7 -78.7 1 33.0 -46.4 250 50 360.4 360.4 298.8 360.4 0.00 56 171 12657 -48.3 -81.3 1 33.0 -49.0 228 41 372.6 372.6 301.0 372.6 0.00 57 150 13520 -48.1 -82.1 1 34.0 -48.9 245 45 387.2 387.2 303.3 387.2 0.00 58 100 16160 -54.9 -84.9 1 30.0 -55.5 255 18 421.7 421.7 307.9 421.7 0.00 59 95 16485 -57.3 -85.3 2 28.0 -57.8 253 18 423.2 423.2 308.1 423.2 0.00 60 79 17646 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -58.9 246 26 443.6 443.6 310.3 443.6 0.00 61 79 17646 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.8 246 26 446.1 446.1 310.5 446.1 0.00 62 75 17974 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.4 255 25 451.5 451.5 311.0 451.5 0.00 63 73 18144 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.8 260 25 458.8 458.8 311.7 458.8 0.00 64 70 18410 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.9 320 15 461.8 461.8 312.0 461.8 0.00 65 56 19810 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 305 10 485.8 485.8 313.9 485.9 0.00 66 50 20520 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -59.0 240 10 506.1 506.1 315.4 506.1 0.00 67 46 21046 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.8 257 13 521.7 521.7 316.4 521.7 0.00 68 40 21924 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -61.0 230 10 534.4 534.4 317.2 534.4 0.00 69 31 23506 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -62.6 274 12 570.5 570.5 319.2 570.5 0.00 70 30 23710 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -61.2 265 30 580.3 580.3 319.7 580.3 0.01 71 28 24142 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -60.0 267 29 595.7 595.7 320.4 595.7 0.01 72 24 25111 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -60.0 292 10 623.1 623.1 321.6 623.2 0.01 73 20 26260 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.5 280 16 658.9 658.9 323.0 659.0 0.01 74 18 26923 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -59.0 278 15 681.6 681.6 323.8 681.7 0.01 75 15 28068 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -61.3 281 28 710.1 710.1 324.7 710.2 0.01 76 14 28502 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -58.4 269 22 737.2 737.2 325.6 737.3 0.02 77 12 29482 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -58.7 261 29 770.4 770.4 326.5 770.6 0.02 78 10 30640 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -59.5 270 39 810.1 810.1 327.5 810.3 0.02 79 9.3 31100 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -59.9 270 42 825.6 825.6 327.8 825.8 0.02 80 9.0 31309 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -58.4 270 44 842.6 842.6 328.2 842.8 0.02 81 8.5 31677 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -57.8 270 47 861.2 861.2 328.7 861.5 0.03 82 8.1 31987 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -58.3 270 49 870.8 870.8 328.8 871.1 0.03 83 7.3 32658 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -57.4 270 54 905.2 905.2 329.5 905.6 0.04 84 7.0 32930 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -57.9 270 56 913.7 913.7 329.7 914.0 0.03 85 6.9 33023 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -58.0 917.4 917.5 329.8 917.8 0.03 86 6.5 33412 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -56.6 945.1 945.1 330.2 945.5 0.04 TRP 304 8811 -44.9 -67.9 6 23.0 -45.4 250 33 320.9 320.9 289.0 320.9 0.01 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5359.00 m Freezing level: 850.00 mb = 1353.00 m = 4438.92 ft Wetbulb zero: 853.33 mb = 1321.62 m = 4335.97 ft Precipitable water: 0.58 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 86.31 % Est. max temperature: 11.87 C = 53.36 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 960.17 mb = 365.44 m = 1198.95 ft T: 5.85 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.50 C/km ThetaE index: 0.91 C Layer 815.0- 779.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 912.53 mb = 780.14 m = 2559.49 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.27 g/kg Conv temperature: 8.71 C = 47.68 F Cap Strength: 2.44 C Lifted Index: 2.35 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.59 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.34 C Showalter Index: 1.82 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 55.90 C Risk: Severe Thunderstorms probable Vertical Totals Index: 28.10 C Cross Totals Index: 27.80 C K Index: 26.20 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 216.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.32 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 12.23 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.95 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 72187.13 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.38 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 918.42 mb = 727.89 m = 2388.07 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 279 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 978 215 200 14 4.8 13.2 | 143 20 -12.0 15.8 1 932 610 220 31 19.9 23.7 | 187 27 3.1 26.4 2 925 670 225 31 21.9 21.9 | 192 25 5.1 24.5 3 897 914 240 31 26.8 15.5 | 209 21 10.0 18.1 4 864 1219 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 214 14 7.6 11.5 5 850 1353 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 244 11 10.1 5.0 6 800 1829 260 19 18.7 3.3 | 198 6 1.9 5.9 7 770 2134 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 198 16 4.8 15.1 8 741 2438 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 186 13 1.4 13.1 9 713 2743 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 182 11 0.4 10.6 10 700 2883 245 20 18.1 8.5 | 187 11 1.3 11.1 11 657 3353 245 22 19.9 9.3 | 195 12 3.1 11.9 12 631 3658 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 203 9 3.5 8.0 13 606 3962 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 231 4 3.2 2.6 14 581 4267 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 178 12 -0.4 12.1 15 558 4572 245 21 19.0 8.9 | 191 12 2.2 11.5 16 536 4877 265 18 17.9 1.6 | 195 4 1.1 4.2 17 514 5182 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 13 0 -0.1 -0.3 18 500 5390 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 225 10 6.8 6.8 19 493 5486 255 26 25.1 6.7 | 222 12 8.3 9.3 20 452 6096 250 27 25.4 9.2 | 216 15 8.6 11.8 21 433 6401 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 253 19 18.0 5.7 22 414 6706 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 228 7 5.1 4.5 23 400 6950 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 192 8 1.5 7.5 24 396 7010 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 217 8 4.8 6.4 25 379 7315 230 24 18.4 15.4 | 185 18 1.6 18.0 26 362 7620 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 198 16 4.8 15.1 27 346 7925 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 209 16 7.7 14.0 28 304 8811 250 33 31.0 11.3 | 226 20 14.2 13.9 29 303 8839 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 212 22 11.8 19.1 30 300 8900 250 34 31.9 11.6 | 227 21 15.1 14.2 31 289 9144 255 36 34.8 9.3 | 236 22 18.0 11.9 32 250 10120 245 36 32.6 15.2 | 222 24 15.8 17.8 33 230 10668 240 43 37.2 21.5 | 220 32 20.4 24.1 34 200 11620 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 237 36 30.2 19.7 35 192 11887 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 237 36 30.2 19.7 36 183 12192 240 39 33.8 19.5 | 217 28 17.0 22.1 37 175 12497 225 40 28.3 28.3 | 200 33 11.5 30.9 38 150 13520 245 45 40.8 19.0 | 228 32 24.0 21.6 39 146 13716 245 46 41.7 19.4 | 228 33 24.9 22.0 40 139 14021 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 228 22 16.1 14.6 41 126 14630 245 45 40.8 19.0 | 228 32 24.0 21.6 42 115 15240 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 169 5 -1.1 5.4 43 110 15545 230 15 11.5 9.6 | 156 13 -5.3 12.2 44 105 15850 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 232 18 14.1 10.9 45 100 16154 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 247 13 12.1 5.1 46 100 16160 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 184 7 0.6 7.3 47 95 16459 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 184 7 0.6 7.3 48 91 16764 235 23 18.8 13.2 | 187 16 2.0 15.8 49 87 17069 245 35 31.7 14.8 | 221 23 14.9 17.4 50 82 17374 255 31 29.9 8.0 | 231 17 13.1 10.6 51 79 17678 245 25 22.7 10.6 | 204 14 5.8 13.2 52 71 18288 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 239 9 8.1 4.8 53 70 18410 320 15 9.6 -11.5 | 39 11 -7.2 -8.9 54 68 18593 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 32 10 -5.5 -8.7 55 65 18898 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 78 8 -7.8 -1.6 56 59 19507 290 1 0.9 -0.3 | 98 16 -15.9 2.3 57 56 19812 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 70 9 -8.6 -3.1 58 53 20117 260 11 10.8 1.9 | 127 7 -6.0 4.5 59 50 20520 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 133 11 -8.2 7.6 60 46 21031 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 144 7 -4.3 6.0 61 44 21336 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 64 12 -10.4 -5.1 62 40 21946 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 135 14 -9.7 9.7 63 38 22250 220 3 1.9 2.3 | 108 16 -14.9 4.9 64 36 22555 210 15 7.5 13.0 | 149 18 -9.3 15.6 65 34 22860 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 231 11 8.8 7.1 66 31 23470 275 9 9.0 -0.8 | 103 8 -7.9 1.8 67 30 23710 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 248 14 13.1 5.2 68 30 23774 255 25 24.1 6.5 | 219 12 7.3 9.1 69 28 24079 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 248 14 13.1 5.2 70 27 24384 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 266 7 7.1 0.5 71 26 24689 290 27 25.4 -9.2 | 308 11 8.6 -6.6 72 24 24994 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 67 10 -9.2 -3.8 73 23 25298 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 117 8 -6.9 3.5 74 21 25908 270 14 14.0 -0.0 | 133 4 -2.8 2.6 75 20 26213 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 216 5 3.1 4.4 76 20 26260 280 16 15.8 -2.8 | 81 1 -1.1 -0.2 77 19 26518 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 327 5 2.9 -4.6 78 18 26822 275 15 14.9 -1.3 | 125 2 -1.9 1.3 79 17 27127 285 16 15.5 -4.1 | 42 2 -1.4 -1.5 80 17 27432 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 192 8 1.5 7.5 81 15 28042 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 282 12 11.7 -2.4 82 14 28346 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 302 6 5.4 -3.3 83 14 28651 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 203 9 3.5 8.0 84 10 30640 270 39 39.0 -0.0 | 263 22 22.2 2.6 85 7 32930 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 266 39 39.2 2.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 248.8 at 22.7 knts Storm direction: 278.8 at 17.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.3 neg: 1.5 tot: 4.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 49.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 193.5 neg: -27.3 tot: 166.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 55.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.38 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.6 stream: 4.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.54 Bulk Shear: 22.77 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 217 24 174 22| 20.3 0.0 20.3|129.2 0.0 129.2 258.4 0.92| 23.5 21.7 1000 230 27 190 20| 10.4 0.0 10.4|168.8 0.0 168.8 168.8 0.77| 18.8 14.4 1500 240 26 200 17| 6.4 0.0 6.4|187.5 -8.7 178.7 119.2 0.62| 16.7 10.3 2000 242 25 200 15| 4.8 2.3 7.1|187.7 -16.9 170.8 85.4 0.45| 15.5 7.0 2500 242 24 198 15| 3.8 1.8 5.6|187.7 -27.3 160.4 64.2 0.37| 13.5 5.0 3000 242 24 197 14| 3.3 1.5 4.8|193.5 -27.3 166.2 55.4 0.38| 11.6 4.5 4000 245 23 198 13| 3.0 1.6 4.7|203.4 -36.6 166.8 41.7 0.30| 10.9 3.3 5000 247 22 197 12| 3.3 1.3 4.6|212.5 -38.3 174.2 34.8 0.29| 10.3 3.0 6000 249 23 202 12| 3.0 1.9 4.9|228.1 -46.7 181.3 30.2 0.25| 10.1 2.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251022.12.gif