UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025102112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 21 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 21 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 77 SFC 983 215 6.6 3.8 82 2.8 5.2 115 6 281.1 282.0 279.2 295.2 5.11 2 978 257 7.2 2.9 74 4.3 5.1 126 7 282.1 283.0 279.3 295.5 4.82 3 974 291 9.0 1.0 57 8.0 5.2 135 9 284.3 285.0 279.6 296.2 4.22 4 969 334 9.6 1.6 57 8.0 5.8 145 10 285.3 286.1 280.4 297.8 4.43 5 964 378 9.4 1.4 57 8.0 5.6 156 11 285.5 286.3 280.4 298.0 4.39 6 952 483 11.6 -0.4 43 12.0 5.9 183 15 288.8 289.5 281.3 300.0 3.90 7 933 653 11.0 0.0 47 11.0 5.8 217 19 289.8 290.6 282.0 301.7 4.10 8 925 725 10.4 -0.6 46 11.0 5.2 220 19 289.9 290.6 281.9 301.4 3.95 9 878 1156 6.6 -1.4 57 8.0 2.9 225 20 290.4 291.1 282.1 301.8 3.93 10 867 1260 6.2 -3.8 49 10.0 1.8 225 21 291.0 291.6 281.7 300.7 3.33 11 862 1307 5.8 -4.2 49 10.0 1.5 225 22 291.1 291.6 281.5 300.6 3.24 12 858 1345 5.8 -5.2 45 11.0 1.2 225 22 291.4 292.0 281.5 300.4 3.02 13 850 1422 5.8 -13.2 24 19.0 -0.9 225 24 292.2 292.5 280.1 297.2 1.62 14 835 1568 6.2 -32.8 4 39.0 -2.9 230 25 294.1 294.2 279.1 295.1 0.29 15 828 1637 6.4 -34.6 3 41.0 -2.9 233 26 295.1 295.1 279.5 295.9 0.25 16 822 1696 6.4 -33.6 4 40.0 -2.9 235 27 295.7 295.7 279.8 296.6 0.27 17 803 1888 5.8 -38.2 2 44.0 -3.5 241 27 297.0 297.0 280.3 297.6 0.18 18 783 2094 4.8 -30.2 6 35.0 -3.8 244 25 298.1 298.2 281.1 299.4 0.40 19 775 2177 4.4 -20.6 14 25.0 -3.3 244 25 298.5 298.7 282.0 301.6 0.96 20 768 2251 3.8 -7.2 44 11.0 -0.8 241 25 298.7 299.2 284.4 307.5 2.90 21 757 2368 3.0 -6.0 52 9.0 -0.9 237 26 299.0 299.6 284.9 308.8 3.22 22 743 2519 2.6 -9.4 41 12.0 -2.1 234 26 300.2 300.7 284.5 308.0 2.52 23 732 2639 1.8 -4.2 64 6.0 -0.9 232 25 300.6 301.3 286.1 312.2 3.82 24 730 2661 1.8 -4.2 64 6.0 -0.9 231 25 300.8 301.5 286.2 312.5 3.84 25 728 2683 2.0 -5.0 60 7.0 -1.1 231 25 301.3 302.0 286.1 312.3 3.62 26 726 2705 2.4 -9.6 41 12.0 -2.4 231 25 302.0 302.4 285.2 309.9 2.54 27 718 2795 2.6 -14.4 27 17.0 -3.5 233 26 303.2 303.5 284.8 308.7 1.74 28 705 2943 2.2 -11.8 35 14.0 -3.1 242 28 304.3 304.7 285.8 311.2 2.19 29 700 3000 2.0 -8.0 47 10.0 -2.2 245 29 304.7 305.3 286.8 314.0 2.99 30 696 3046 1.6 -5.4 60 7.0 -1.5 250 29 304.8 305.4 287.5 316.1 3.67 31 693 3081 1.4 -4.6 64 6.0 -1.3 250 29 304.9 305.6 287.8 317.0 3.92 32 667 3387 -1.1 -6.1 69 5.0 -3.3 250 31 305.5 306.1 287.6 316.7 3.63 33 619 3978 -5.5 -10.5 68 5.0 -7.4 248 35 307.0 307.5 287.3 315.8 2.77 34 611 4080 -6.1 -13.1 58 7.0 -8.6 247 36 307.5 307.9 287.0 314.7 2.28 35 603 4182 -7.1 -13.1 62 6.0 -9.2 246 37 307.5 307.9 287.0 314.8 2.31 36 595 4287 -7.1 -15.1 53 8.0 -9.8 245 38 308.6 309.0 287.1 315.0 1.99 37 594 4300 -7.3 -14.3 57 7.0 -9.7 245 38 308.6 309.0 287.2 315.4 2.13 38 571 4606 -9.9 -14.2 71 4.3 -11.3 245 40 309.0 309.4 287.5 316.2 2.23 39 557 4797 -11.1 -16.1 67 5.0 -12.7 245 41 309.8 310.2 287.5 316.1 1.95 40 540 5034 -12.3 -20.3 51 8.0 -14.6 243 40 311.1 311.4 287.3 315.8 1.41 41 534 5120 -12.5 -22.5 43 10.0 -15.2 241 39 311.9 312.1 287.3 315.8 1.18 42 533 5134 -12.5 -23.5 39 11.0 -15.3 241 39 312.0 312.2 287.3 315.7 1.08 43 512 5440 -13.7 -30.7 22 17.0 -17.2 232 44 314.2 314.3 287.5 316.2 0.58 44 507 5515 -14.3 -31.3 22 17.0 -17.7 231 45 314.4 314.5 287.5 316.3 0.55 45 500 5620 -15.1 -31.1 24 16.0 -18.3 235 44 314.6 314.7 287.6 316.6 0.57 46 485 5849 -16.9 -28.9 35 12.0 -19.4 235 43 315.2 315.3 288.0 317.7 0.72 47 479 5942 -17.9 -26.9 45 9.0 -19.8 235 43 315.1 315.2 288.1 318.1 0.88 48 470 6083 -18.7 -32.7 28 14.0 -21.2 235 42 315.8 315.9 287.9 317.6 0.52 49 469 6099 -18.5 -34.5 23 16.0 -21.2 235 42 316.2 316.3 288.0 317.8 0.44 50 466 6147 -18.1 -43.1 9 25.0 -21.5 235 42 317.3 317.3 288.1 318.0 0.18 51 421 6897 -22.5 -50.5 6 28.0 -25.3 232 49 321.0 321.0 289.2 321.4 0.09 52 400 7270 -25.5 -49.5 9 24.0 -27.8 230 53 321.8 321.9 289.5 322.3 0.10 53 361 8006 -31.9 -45.9 24 14.0 -33.1 235 62 322.9 322.9 289.8 323.5 0.17 54 355 8125 -32.3 -48.3 19 16.0 -33.6 235 63 323.9 323.9 290.1 324.4 0.13 55 300 9290 -42.5 -52.5 33 10.0 -43.0 235 70 325.5 325.5 290.5 325.8 0.10 56 281 9729 -45.4 -56.2 29 10.7 -45.9 245 79 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.6 0.07 57 250 10500 -50.7 -62.7 23 12.0 -51.0 230 59 330.7 330.7 291.9 330.8 0.03 58 211 11597 -55.1 -69.1 16 14.0 -55.3 225 77 340.3 340.3 294.4 340.3 0.02 59 200 11940 -54.5 -73.5 8 19.0 -54.8 235 77 346.5 346.5 295.8 346.5 0.01 60 150 13760 -58.5 -82.5 3 24.0 -58.7 215 36 369.3 369.3 300.4 369.3 0.00 61 100 16300 -60.3 -86.3 2 26.0 -60.6 215 23 411.2 411.2 306.7 411.2 0.00 62 98 16426 -60.7 -85.7 2 25.0 -61.0 231 29 412.8 412.8 306.9 412.8 0.00 63 96 16554 -58.1 -86.1 2 28.0 -58.5 223 29 420.3 420.3 307.7 420.4 0.00 64 92 16821 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 195 27 422.7 422.7 308.0 422.7 0.00 65 91 16890 -58.3 -86.3 2 28.0 -58.7 195 27 426.4 426.4 308.4 426.4 0.00 66 81 17614 -62.7 -87.7 2 25.0 -63.0 191 25 431.8 431.8 309.0 431.8 0.00 67 75 18086 -63.7 -87.7 2 24.0 -64.0 218 26 439.4 439.4 309.8 439.4 0.00 68 70 18510 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.8 225 13 450.7 450.7 310.9 450.7 0.00 69 68 18690 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.5 220 13 459.6 459.6 311.7 459.6 0.00 70 66 18877 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.8 229 12 465.3 465.3 312.3 465.3 0.00 71 60 19473 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -61.0 224 17 475.5 475.5 313.1 475.5 0.00 72 54 20130 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.4 169 12 491.4 491.4 314.3 491.4 0.00 73 52 20365 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.8 150 10 493.5 493.5 314.5 493.5 0.00 74 51 20486 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.3 159 13 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.0 0.00 75 50 20610 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.2 185 20 500.4 500.4 315.0 500.5 0.00 76 46 21128 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.2 206 19 510.1 510.1 315.7 510.1 0.00 77 44 21405 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.7 237 18 520.5 520.5 316.4 520.6 0.00 78 41 21845 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.7 257 17 528.7 528.7 316.8 528.7 0.00 79 37 22486 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.5 298 15 548.0 548.0 318.0 548.0 0.00 80 31 23587 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.8 326 15 570.0 570.0 319.2 570.0 0.00 81 30 23790 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -62.1 325 10 577.5 577.5 319.5 577.6 0.00 82 25 24930 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.3 247 12 618.2 618.2 321.4 618.3 0.01 83 23 25453 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -61.1 243 20 627.2 627.2 321.8 627.3 0.01 84 20 26330 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.5 295 27 658.9 658.9 323.0 659.0 0.01 85 17 27352 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -60.7 296 19 686.4 686.5 324.0 686.5 0.01 86 15 28146 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -57.2 260 21 727.4 727.4 325.3 727.5 0.02 87 14 28586 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -59.6 286 33 731.7 731.8 325.4 731.9 0.02 88 13 29054 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -59.9 274 32 746.7 746.7 325.8 746.8 0.01 89 12 29562 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -58.9 270 36 769.7 769.7 326.5 769.8 0.02 90 10 30720 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -59.9 270 35 807.9 807.9 327.4 808.1 0.02 91 10 30720 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -59.5 270 35 810.1 810.1 327.5 810.3 0.02 92 10 30720 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -60.0 270 35 807.2 807.2 327.4 807.3 0.02 93 8.6 31687 -51.7 -84.7 1 33.0 -57.0 863.0 863.0 328.7 863.3 0.04 94 8.4 31839 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -57.6 865.7 865.7 328.7 866.0 0.04 95 7.2 32843 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -56.2 918.6 918.7 329.8 919.1 0.05 TRP 211 11597 -55.1 -69.1 16 14.0 -55.3 225 77 340.3 340.3 294.4 340.3 0.02 WND 281 9729 -45.4 -56.2 29 10.7 -45.9 245 79 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.6 0.07 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5543.00 m Freezing level: 678.44 mb = 3252.41 m = 10670.52 ft Wetbulb zero: 853.47 mb = 1388.67 m = 4555.96 ft Precipitable water: 0.51 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 46.46 % Est. max temperature: 19.81 C = 67.65 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 941.67 mb = 574.75 m = 1885.64 ft T: 11.28 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.53 C/km ThetaE index: 6.66 C Layer 867.0- 828.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 618.25 mb = 3987.16 m = 13081.06 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.09 g/kg Conv temperature: 32.39 C = 90.31 F Cap Strength: 13.64 C Lifted Index: 13.71 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 18.01 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.30 C Showalter Index: 15.88 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 22.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.90 C Cross Totals Index: 1.90 C K Index: -2.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 138.71 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.15 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 30.87 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.86 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 57407.20 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.69 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 804.96 mb = 1867.69 m = 6127.52 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 269 at 23 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 983 215 115 6 -5.4 2.5 | 94 29 -28.7 2.0 1 938 610 215 19 10.9 15.6 | 141 19 -12.4 15.0 2 925 725 220 19 12.2 14.6 | 142 18 -11.0 14.0 3 904 914 225 19 13.4 13.4 | 143 16 -9.8 12.9 4 871 1219 225 20 14.1 14.1 | 146 16 -9.1 13.6 5 850 1422 225 24 17.0 17.0 | 159 18 -6.3 16.4 6 809 1829 240 28 24.2 14.0 | 184 13 1.0 13.4 7 779 2134 245 25 22.7 10.6 | 177 10 -0.6 10.0 8 750 2438 235 26 21.3 14.9 | 172 14 -2.0 14.4 9 722 2743 230 25 19.2 16.1 | 165 16 -4.1 15.5 10 700 3000 245 29 26.3 12.3 | 195 12 3.0 11.7 11 696 3048 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 203 10 4.0 9.4 12 643 3658 250 33 31.0 11.3 | 216 13 7.8 10.7 13 595 4267 245 38 34.4 16.1 | 216 19 11.2 15.5 14 550 4877 245 41 37.2 17.3 | 220 22 13.9 16.8 15 529 5182 240 38 32.9 19.0 | 208 21 9.7 18.4 16 509 5486 230 45 34.5 28.9 | 202 31 11.2 28.4 17 500 5620 235 44 36.0 25.2 | 207 28 12.8 24.7 18 469 6096 235 42 34.4 24.1 | 205 26 11.2 23.5 19 400 7270 230 53 40.6 34.1 | 207 38 17.3 33.5 20 381 7620 235 60 49.1 34.4 | 217 43 25.9 33.9 21 320 8839 235 68 55.7 39.0 | 220 50 32.4 38.4 22 306 9144 235 66 54.1 37.9 | 220 48 30.8 37.3 23 300 9290 235 70 57.3 40.2 | 221 52 34.1 39.6 24 281 9729 245 79 71.6 33.4 | 236 58 48.3 32.8 25 280 9754 245 79 71.6 33.4 | 236 58 48.3 32.8 26 250 10500 230 59 45.2 37.9 | 210 43 21.9 37.4 27 244 10668 235 59 48.3 33.8 | 217 42 25.1 33.3 28 232 10973 225 63 44.5 44.5 | 206 49 21.3 44.0 29 211 11597 225 77 54.4 54.4 | 210 62 31.2 53.9 30 202 11887 230 79 60.5 50.8 | 217 63 37.3 50.2 31 200 11940 235 77 63.1 44.2 | 222 59 39.8 43.6 32 175 12802 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 239 39 33.1 20.0 33 159 13411 245 34 30.8 14.4 | 209 16 7.6 13.8 34 151 13716 205 30 12.7 27.2 | 158 29 -10.6 26.6 35 150 13760 215 36 20.6 29.5 | 175 29 -2.6 28.9 36 137 14326 230 39 29.9 25.1 | 195 25 6.6 24.5 37 131 14630 220 50 32.1 38.3 | 193 39 8.9 37.7 38 124 14935 205 32 13.5 29.0 | 161 30 -9.7 28.4 39 118 15240 205 37 15.6 33.5 | 167 34 -7.6 33.0 40 107 15850 215 35 20.1 28.7 | 174 28 -3.2 28.1 41 102 16154 230 41 31.4 26.4 | 198 27 8.2 25.8 42 100 16300 215 23 13.2 18.8 | 151 21 -10.1 18.3 43 97 16459 235 30 24.6 17.2 | 185 17 1.3 16.7 44 93 16764 195 27 7.0 26.1 | 147 30 -16.3 25.5 45 88 17069 195 26 6.7 25.1 | 146 30 -16.5 24.6 46 80 17678 190 25 4.3 24.6 | 142 31 -18.9 24.1 47 76 17983 215 29 16.6 23.8 | 164 24 -6.6 23.2 48 73 18288 225 21 14.8 14.8 | 150 17 -8.4 14.3 49 70 18510 225 13 9.2 9.2 | 122 17 -14.1 8.6 50 69 18593 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 123 19 -15.8 10.1 51 66 18898 230 12 9.2 7.7 | 117 16 -14.1 7.2 52 63 19202 220 16 10.3 12.3 | 132 17 -13.0 11.7 53 60 19507 225 17 12.0 12.0 | 136 16 -11.2 11.5 54 57 19812 195 14 3.6 13.5 | 123 24 -19.6 13.0 55 52 20422 145 10 -5.7 8.2 | 105 30 -29.0 7.6 56 50 20610 185 20 1.7 19.9 | 132 29 -21.5 19.4 57 49 20726 160 20 -6.8 18.8 | 121 35 -30.1 18.2 58 44 21336 230 18 13.8 11.6 | 139 15 -9.5 11.0 59 42 21641 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 107 8 -7.5 2.2 60 40 21946 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 119 8 -6.8 3.8 61 38 22250 275 18 17.9 -1.6 | 68 6 -5.3 -2.1 62 37 22555 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 54 15 -11.8 -8.6 63 35 22860 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 74 14 -13.9 -4.0 64 33 23165 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 62 7 -6.5 -3.5 65 32 23470 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 43 9 -6.3 -6.7 66 30 23774 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 71 29 -27.5 -9.6 67 30 23790 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 63 20 -17.5 -8.7 68 29 24079 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 63 20 -17.5 -8.7 69 27 24384 335 3 1.3 -2.7 | 82 22 -22.0 -3.3 70 26 24689 235 10 8.2 5.7 | 109 16 -15.1 5.2 71 25 24994 250 12 11.3 4.1 | 107 12 -12.0 3.6 72 24 25298 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 143 11 -6.8 8.9 73 20 26213 255 26 25.1 6.7 | 197 6 1.9 6.2 74 20 26330 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 354 12 1.2 -12.0 75 19 26518 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 275 7 6.7 -0.6 76 19 26822 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 7 16 -2.0 -15.5 77 18 27127 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 9 7 -1.0 -6.5 78 17 27432 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 39 12 -7.7 -9.6 79 16 27737 295 12 10.9 -5.1 | 66 14 -12.4 -5.6 80 15 28042 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 108 10 -9.7 3.1 81 15 28346 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 273 11 10.7 -0.6 82 14 28651 290 33 31.0 -11.3 | 327 14 7.8 -11.8 83 13 28956 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 293 8 7.6 -3.3 84 12 29566 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 272 13 12.7 -0.6 85 11 30175 290 39 36.6 -13.3 | 316 19 13.4 -13.9 86 10 30720 270 35 35.0 -0.0 | 273 12 11.7 -0.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 238.6 at 31.0 knts Storm direction: 268.6 at 23.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.3 neg: 0.9 tot: 7.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 113.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 235.5 neg: -13.8 tot: 221.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 73.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.62 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.7 stream: 6.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.04 Bulk Rich Number: 0.52 Bulk Shear: 59.16 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 204 14 125 21| 21.9 0.0 21.9|154.1 0.0 154.1 308.3 0.82| 27.7 22.6 1000 217 17 134 18| 11.7 0.0 11.7|159.7 0.0 159.7 159.7 0.78| 15.3 12.0 1500 222 19 142 17| 10.4 0.0 10.4|196.8 0.0 196.8 131.2 0.81| 13.5 10.9 2000 228 21 151 15| 7.5 0.0 7.5|203.3 -4.5 198.9 99.4 0.70| 11.8 8.3 2500 230 22 154 15| 6.0 1.1 7.1|203.3 -13.8 189.5 75.8 0.58| 10.6 6.1 3000 233 23 159 14| 6.3 0.9 7.2|235.5 -13.8 221.7 73.9 0.62| 10.7 6.7 4000 238 26 174 13| 4.7 1.3 6.0|241.6 -14.2 227.4 56.8 0.58| 9.1 5.2 5000 240 29 186 14| 3.8 1.5 5.2|248.0 -40.1 208.0 41.6 0.47| 8.1 3.9 6000 239 31 192 16| 3.2 1.7 4.8|266.2 -58.6 207.6 34.6 0.40| 8.0 3.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251021.12.gif