UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025102012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 20 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 20 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 55 SFC 981 215 10.0 9.1 94 0.9 9.5 270 15 284.7 286.0 283.5 305.2 7.41 2 947 507 7.6 7.6 100 0.0 7.6 281 25 285.2 286.4 283.2 304.4 6.92 3 925 701 6.6 6.6 100 0.0 6.6 290 31 286.1 287.2 283.2 304.6 6.62 4 853 1363 3.2 3.2 100 0.0 3.2 312 27 289.2 290.2 283.5 305.3 5.65 5 850 1392 3.0 2.4 96 0.6 2.7 310 26 289.3 290.2 283.2 304.6 5.35 6 848 1411 2.8 2.6 99 0.2 2.7 309 26 289.3 290.2 283.3 304.8 5.44 7 846 1430 2.8 1.0 88 1.8 2.0 309 25 289.5 290.3 282.8 303.4 4.86 8 813 1751 0.2 0.0 99 0.2 0.1 312 24 290.0 290.9 282.8 303.6 4.70 9 799 1891 0.0 -0.1 99 0.1 -0.0 315 24 291.3 292.1 283.4 305.0 4.75 10 712 2810 -2.9 -3.0 99 0.1 -3.0 293 21 297.8 298.6 285.5 310.7 4.31 11 700 2945 -3.5 -3.7 99 0.2 -3.6 290 19 298.6 299.4 285.7 311.1 4.15 12 558 4705 -13.7 -15.1 89 1.4 -14.2 285 14 306.6 307.0 286.5 313.3 2.12 13 500 5530 -19.7 -20.8 91 1.1 -20.0 300 11 309.0 309.3 286.6 313.8 1.46 14 449 6317 -25.9 -27.3 88 1.4 -26.2 317 11 310.9 311.1 286.7 313.9 0.91 15 433 6578 -28.1 -29.1 91 1.0 -28.3 319 10 311.3 311.5 286.8 314.0 0.80 16 427 6678 -29.1 -30.7 86 1.6 -29.3 320 10 311.3 311.4 286.6 313.7 0.69 17 423 6745 -29.7 -30.7 91 1.0 -29.9 323 10 311.4 311.5 286.6 313.8 0.70 18 420 6795 -30.1 -32.4 80 2.3 -30.4 328 9 311.5 311.6 286.6 313.6 0.60 19 410 6966 -31.3 -33.2 83 1.9 -31.6 344 8 312.1 312.2 286.8 314.1 0.57 20 408 7001 -31.5 -32.2 93 0.7 -31.6 347 8 312.3 312.4 286.9 314.4 0.63 21 406 7035 -31.9 -33.5 86 1.6 -32.1 350 8 312.2 312.3 286.8 314.1 0.56 22 403 7087 -32.3 -33.5 89 1.2 -32.4 355 7 312.3 312.4 286.8 314.3 0.56 23 402 7105 -32.7 -35.2 78 2.5 -33.0 357 7 312.0 312.1 286.6 313.7 0.48 24 400 7140 -32.9 -34.8 83 1.9 -33.1 360 7 312.2 312.3 286.7 314.0 0.50 25 391 7300 -34.5 -35.8 88 1.3 -34.6 3 7 312.2 312.3 286.6 313.8 0.46 26 389 7336 -34.9 -37.0 81 2.1 -35.1 4 7 312.1 312.2 286.6 313.6 0.41 27 380 7499 -36.1 -37.6 86 1.5 -36.2 7 7 312.6 312.7 286.8 314.0 0.40 28 379 7518 -36.3 -39.3 74 3.0 -36.6 8 7 312.6 312.7 286.6 313.8 0.33 29 374 7610 -36.7 -41.0 64 4.3 -37.1 10 7 313.3 313.3 286.8 314.3 0.28 30 373 7629 -36.7 -41.7 60 5.0 -37.1 25 2 313.5 313.5 286.9 314.4 0.26 31 372 7647 -36.7 -45.7 39 9.0 -37.3 35 3 313.7 313.8 286.9 314.4 0.17 32 369 7704 -35.7 -59.7 7 24.0 -36.8 65 4 315.8 315.8 287.4 315.9 0.03 33 368 7723 -35.9 -60.9 6 25.0 -37.0 76 5 315.8 315.8 287.4 315.9 0.03 34 362 7837 -35.9 -55.9 11 20.0 -36.9 137 8 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.5 0.05 35 359 7895 -35.7 -55.7 11 20.0 -36.7 168 9 318.3 318.3 288.2 318.5 0.06 36 358 7915 -35.9 -62.9 5 27.0 -37.0 179 10 318.3 318.3 288.2 318.4 0.02 37 354 7993 -36.3 -55.3 12 19.0 -37.3 178 11 318.8 318.8 288.4 319.0 0.06 38 352 8032 -36.5 -62.5 5 26.0 -37.6 175 11 319.0 319.0 288.5 319.1 0.02 39 351 8052 -36.5 -56.5 11 20.0 -37.5 173 12 319.3 319.3 288.6 319.5 0.05 40 341 8253 -36.5 -62.5 5 26.0 -37.6 157 14 321.9 321.9 289.3 322.0 0.03 41 340 8273 -36.5 -57.5 10 21.0 -37.5 159 14 322.2 322.2 289.5 322.4 0.05 42 328 8523 -37.5 -64.5 4 27.0 -38.5 181 16 324.1 324.1 290.0 324.2 0.02 43 313 8847 -36.9 -69.9 2 33.0 -38.1 209 18 329.3 329.3 291.5 329.4 0.01 44 304 9049 -38.7 -69.7 2 31.0 -39.7 227 19 329.6 329.6 291.6 329.6 0.01 45 300 9140 -37.9 -68.9 2 31.0 -39.0 235 20 332.0 332.0 292.3 332.0 0.01 46 283 9541 -37.3 -73.3 1 36.0 -38.6 229 17 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.4 0.01 47 250 10390 -39.9 -74.9 1 35.0 -41.0 210 18 346.7 346.7 295.9 346.8 0.01 48 233 10868 -41.3 -76.3 1 35.0 -42.3 222 21 351.7 351.7 297.0 351.7 0.01 49 216 11381 -40.7 -76.7 1 36.0 -41.9 213 25 360.3 360.3 298.8 360.3 0.01 50 200 11900 -43.3 -78.3 1 35.0 -44.3 200 26 364.2 364.2 299.5 364.2 0.00 51 161 13339 -50.5 -81.5 1 31.0 -51.1 206 31 375.4 375.4 301.5 375.4 0.00 52 159 13420 -50.1 -81.1 1 31.0 -50.7 205 34 377.4 377.4 301.8 377.4 0.00 53 150 13800 -51.7 -82.7 1 31.0 -52.2 225 35 381.0 381.0 302.4 381.0 0.00 54 121 15179 -57.9 -84.9 2 27.0 -58.2 210 24 393.8 393.8 304.3 393.8 0.00 55 108 15896 -59.3 -85.3 2 26.0 -59.6 238 35 404.2 404.2 305.7 404.2 0.00 56 107 15955 -59.3 -85.3 2 26.0 -59.6 243 33 405.2 405.2 305.9 405.2 0.00 57 104 16133 -59.3 -84.3 3 25.0 -59.6 259 26 408.5 408.5 306.3 408.6 0.00 58 100 16380 -58.9 -84.9 2 26.0 -59.2 280 16 413.9 413.9 307.0 413.9 0.00 59 96 16634 -61.1 -86.1 2 25.0 -61.4 277 14 414.5 414.5 307.0 414.5 0.00 60 88 17174 -61.3 -87.3 2 26.0 -61.6 257 13 424.5 424.5 308.2 424.5 0.00 61 83 17538 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 281 16 435.4 435.4 309.4 435.4 0.00 62 74 18248 -63.7 -87.7 2 24.0 -64.0 215 7 441.0 441.0 310.0 441.1 0.00 63 70 18590 -62.1 -87.1 2 25.0 -62.4 240 21 451.5 451.5 311.0 451.5 0.00 64 65 19047 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.6 240 16 460.8 460.8 311.8 460.8 0.00 65 61 19442 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.6 210 18 476.3 476.3 313.1 476.3 0.00 66 59 19649 -60.9 -86.9 2 26.0 -61.3 202 21 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 67 56 19975 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.7 221 25 488.1 488.1 314.1 488.1 0.00 68 50 20680 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -62.0 85 3 498.6 498.6 314.8 498.6 0.00 69 46 21194 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.1 124 10 505.3 505.3 315.3 505.3 0.00 70 43 21610 -61.1 -87.1 2 26.0 -61.7 228 10 521.5 521.5 316.4 521.5 0.00 71 41 21904 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.8 235 10 525.7 525.7 316.6 525.7 0.00 72 39 22214 -60.9 -86.9 2 26.0 -61.6 235 11 536.8 536.8 317.3 536.8 0.01 73 39 22214 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.6 235 11 536.8 536.8 317.3 536.8 0.00 74 38 22375 -61.1 -87.1 2 26.0 -61.7 237 12 540.3 540.3 317.5 540.3 0.01 75 33 23259 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -58.3 287 10 573.1 573.1 319.3 573.2 0.01 76 30 23860 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -59.6 250 19 585.2 585.2 319.9 585.2 0.01 77 26 24764 -56.3 -83.3 2 27.0 -57.9 295 25 615.9 615.9 321.3 616.0 0.01 78 21 26113 -58.7 -85.7 2 27.0 -60.2 292 20 647.4 647.4 322.6 647.5 0.01 79 20 26420 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.5 280 21 658.9 658.9 323.0 659.0 0.01 80 18 27085 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -59.2 277 20 681.0 681.0 323.8 681.1 0.01 81 17 27449 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -56.7 263 20 703.1 703.1 324.6 703.2 0.01 82 16 27839 -53.9 -85.9 1 32.0 -56.8 250 20 715.4 715.4 324.9 715.5 0.02 83 16 27839 -53.9 -85.9 1 32.0 -56.8 250 20 715.4 715.4 324.9 715.5 0.02 84 15 28252 -55.5 -85.5 1 30.0 -58.1 250 27 723.4 723.4 325.1 723.6 0.02 85 14 28693 -54.1 -85.1 1 31.0 -57.2 255 33 742.6 742.6 325.7 742.8 0.02 TRP 373 7629 -36.7 -41.7 60 5.0 -37.1 25 2 313.5 313.5 286.9 314.4 0.26 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5475.00 m Freezing level: 799.00 mb = 1890.57 m = 6202.58 ft Wetbulb zero: 803.64 mb = 1844.12 m = 6050.19 ft Precipitable water: 0.88 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 95.52 % Est. max temperature: 14.99 C = 58.98 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 967.81 mb = 327.22 m = 1073.56 ft T: 9.08 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.27 C/km ThetaE index: 1.40 C Layer 846.0- 813.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 930.50 mb = 652.17 m = 2139.62 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.69 g/kg Conv temperature: 11.12 C = 52.01 F Cap Strength: 5.56 C Lifted Index: 6.00 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.44 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.28 C Showalter Index: 6.12 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 44.80 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 22.70 C Cross Totals Index: 22.10 C K Index: 24.90 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 91.80 Risk: None Energy Index: 1.87 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 16.18 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.69 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.00 J/kg Cap Strength: 5.92 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 927.89 mb = 675.32 m = 2215.60 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 922.89 mb = 719.69 m = 2361.15 ft Equ Level (EL): 902.89 mb = 898.78 m = 2948.71 ft B at Equ Level: 13.94 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 752.89 mb = 2364.81 m = 7758.47 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 328 at 15 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 981 215 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 210 14 7.2 12.3 1 935 610 285 28 27.0 -7.2 | 255 20 19.3 5.0 2 925 701 290 31 29.1 -10.6 | 266 21 21.4 1.7 3 901 914 305 30 24.6 -17.2 | 286 18 16.8 -4.9 4 868 1219 320 31 19.9 -23.7 | 313 17 12.1 -11.5 5 850 1392 310 26 19.9 -16.7 | 290 13 12.1 -4.4 6 836 1524 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 275 11 11.1 -0.9 7 805 1829 315 24 17.0 -17.0 | 297 10 9.2 -4.7 8 775 2134 315 22 15.6 -15.6 | 293 8 7.8 -3.3 9 746 2438 300 20 17.3 -10.0 | 257 10 9.5 2.3 10 718 2743 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 256 13 12.2 3.0 11 700 2945 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 240 12 10.1 5.8 12 691 3048 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 240 12 10.1 5.8 13 638 3658 290 20 18.8 -6.8 | 244 12 11.0 5.4 14 589 4267 285 21 20.3 -5.4 | 241 14 12.5 6.8 15 544 4877 285 11 10.6 -2.8 | 197 10 2.8 9.4 16 503 5486 305 11 9.0 -6.3 | 192 6 1.2 6.0 17 500 5530 300 11 9.5 -5.5 | 194 7 1.7 6.8 18 482 5791 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 196 8 2.2 7.6 19 462 6096 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 191 4 0.7 3.8 20 425 6706 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 164 5 -1.3 4.6 21 400 7140 360 7 -0.0 -7.0 | 124 9 -7.8 5.3 22 373 7620 10 7 -1.2 -6.9 | 121 10 -9.0 5.4 23 373 7629 25 2 -0.8 -1.8 | 141 14 -8.6 10.5 24 357 7925 185 10 0.9 10.0 | 163 23 -6.9 22.2 25 342 8230 155 14 -5.9 12.7 | 151 28 -13.7 25.0 26 300 9140 235 20 16.4 11.5 | 200 25 8.6 23.7 27 300 9144 230 19 14.6 12.2 | 195 25 6.8 24.5 28 287 9449 235 16 13.1 9.2 | 194 22 5.3 21.5 29 274 9754 215 21 12.0 17.2 | 188 30 4.3 29.5 30 262 10058 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 210 19 9.6 16.9 31 251 10363 210 17 8.5 14.7 | 182 27 0.7 27.0 32 250 10390 210 18 9.0 15.6 | 183 28 1.2 27.9 33 240 10668 225 20 14.1 14.1 | 194 27 6.4 26.4 34 200 11887 205 29 12.3 26.3 | 187 39 4.5 38.6 35 200 11900 200 26 8.9 24.4 | 182 37 1.1 36.7 36 191 12192 200 27 9.2 25.4 | 182 38 1.5 37.6 37 183 12497 220 25 16.1 19.2 | 195 33 8.3 31.4 38 167 13106 210 24 12.0 20.8 | 187 33 4.2 33.1 39 152 13716 200 44 15.0 41.3 | 188 54 7.3 53.6 40 150 13800 225 35 24.7 24.7 | 205 41 17.0 37.0 41 138 14326 240 24 20.8 12.0 | 208 28 13.0 24.3 42 125 14935 210 18 9.0 15.6 | 183 28 1.2 27.9 43 120 15240 210 26 13.0 22.5 | 189 35 5.2 34.8 44 114 15545 210 33 16.5 28.6 | 192 42 8.7 40.9 45 109 15850 235 37 30.3 21.2 | 214 40 22.5 33.5 46 100 16380 280 16 15.8 -2.8 | 220 12 8.0 9.5 47 94 16764 275 13 13.0 -1.1 | 205 12 5.2 11.1 48 89 17069 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 186 16 1.6 15.7 49 85 17374 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 222 17 11.2 12.3 50 81 17678 290 14 13.2 -4.8 | 216 9 5.4 7.5 51 77 17983 275 1 1.0 -0.1 | 151 14 -6.8 12.2 52 73 18288 205 8 3.4 7.3 | 167 20 -4.4 19.5 53 70 18590 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 205 25 10.4 22.8 54 67 18898 210 22 11.0 19.1 | 186 31 3.2 31.3 55 63 19202 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 190 12 2.2 12.3 56 60 19507 195 20 5.2 19.3 | 175 32 -2.6 31.6 57 57 19812 210 23 11.5 19.9 | 187 32 3.7 32.2 58 55 20117 230 26 19.9 16.7 | 203 31 12.1 29.0 59 52 20422 305 16 13.1 -9.2 | 240 6 5.3 3.1 60 50 20680 85 3 -3.0 -0.3 | 138 16 -10.8 12.0 61 50 20726 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 153 5 -2.0 4.1 62 47 21031 105 10 -9.7 2.6 | 130 23 -17.4 14.9 63 45 21336 140 10 -6.4 7.7 | 145 24 -14.2 19.9 64 43 21641 235 10 8.2 5.7 | 181 18 0.4 18.0 65 39 22250 235 11 9.0 6.3 | 184 19 1.2 18.6 66 37 22555 240 13 11.3 6.5 | 191 19 3.5 18.8 67 35 22860 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 187 7 0.9 7.3 68 32 23470 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 191 11 2.1 10.5 69 30 23774 315 11 7.8 -7.8 | 180 4 0.0 4.5 70 30 23860 250 19 17.9 6.5 | 208 21 10.1 18.8 71 29 24079 245 16 14.5 6.8 | 199 20 6.7 19.0 72 28 24384 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 234 18 14.1 10.4 73 26 24689 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 257 16 15.7 3.7 74 25 24994 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 284 10 9.8 -2.5 75 24 25298 260 19 18.7 3.3 | 215 19 10.9 15.6 76 22 25908 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 252 9 8.7 2.8 77 20 26420 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 236 16 12.9 8.6 78 19 26518 295 20 18.1 -8.5 | 250 11 10.3 3.8 79 16 27127 250 20 18.8 6.8 | 210 22 11.0 19.1 80 15 27432 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 221 30 19.5 22.2 81 12 28042 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 252 39 37.2 12.3 82 11 28346 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 258 29 28.7 5.9 83 8 29261 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 249 34 32.2 12.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 297.6 at 19.4 knts Storm direction: 327.6 at 14.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.1 neg: 2.9 tot: 7.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 30.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 158.7 neg: -57.5 tot: 101.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 33.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.27 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.6 stream: 2.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 2.54 Bulk Shear: 6.37 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 282 23 244 17| 18.3 0.0 18.3| 78.9 0.0 78.9 157.8 0.92| 19.0 17.5 1000 296 27 268 16| 12.4 0.0 12.4|147.6 0.0 147.6 147.6 0.93| 17.5 16.2 1500 301 26 275 15| 8.3 2.9 11.2|154.3 -31.9 122.3 81.5 0.53| 16.1 8.6 2000 304 26 279 14| 6.2 2.7 8.9|158.1 -36.8 121.3 60.7 0.47| 13.3 6.3 2500 304 25 276 13| 5.0 2.9 7.9|158.1 -46.8 111.3 44.5 0.35| 12.0 4.2 3000 302 24 271 12| 4.1 2.9 7.1|158.7 -57.5 101.2 33.7 0.27| 10.6 2.9 4000 299 23 264 12| 3.1 2.3 5.4|160.3 -59.1 101.2 25.3 0.26| 8.3 2.2 5000 297 21 256 11| 2.6 2.2 4.8|160.3 -85.6 74.7 14.9 0.11| 7.9 0.8 6000 298 19 251 10| 2.4 1.8 4.3|161.1 -87.3 73.8 12.3 0.09| 7.1 0.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251020.12.gif