UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 19 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 19 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 28 SFC 978 215 18.2 10.2 60 8.0 13.4 150 12 293.2 294.6 287.5 316.2 8.01 2 976 233 19.0 9.0 52 10.0 13.1 152 13 294.2 295.5 287.3 315.5 7.39 3 965 331 19.4 8.4 49 11.0 13.0 162 21 295.5 296.8 287.6 316.4 7.18 4 949 477 18.8 8.8 52 10.0 12.9 177 33 296.4 297.7 288.2 318.2 7.50 5 948 486 18.8 8.8 52 10.0 12.9 177 33 296.4 297.8 288.2 318.3 7.51 6 925 700 20.2 11.2 56 9.0 14.6 200 45 300.0 301.6 290.7 326.6 9.06 7 921 737 20.8 11.8 56 9.0 15.1 200 44 301.0 302.7 291.4 328.9 9.48 8 879 1139 18.0 11.0 64 7.0 13.6 207 40 302.1 303.8 291.7 330.0 9.42 9 851 1416 16.4 7.4 55 9.0 11.0 205 40 303.2 304.6 290.6 326.0 7.61 10 850 1426 16.4 7.4 55 9.0 11.0 205 40 303.3 304.7 290.6 326.1 7.62 11 793 2012 11.2 7.7 79 3.5 9.1 213 36 303.9 305.4 291.4 328.8 8.34 12 781 2139 10.2 5.8 74 4.4 7.6 215 35 304.1 305.5 290.7 326.4 7.42 13 773 2225 9.4 5.1 74 4.3 6.9 215 34 304.1 305.5 290.5 325.6 7.14 14 764 2322 8.6 6.2 85 2.4 7.2 215 33 304.3 305.7 291.1 327.7 7.81 15 758 2387 8.4 4.3 75 4.1 6.1 215 33 304.8 306.0 290.5 325.6 6.88 16 743 2552 7.0 5.2 88 1.8 6.0 213 33 305.0 306.4 291.0 327.6 7.49 17 727 2731 6.0 4.4 89 1.6 5.1 210 35 305.8 307.1 291.0 327.7 7.23 18 713 2891 5.2 3.1 86 2.1 4.1 212 38 306.6 307.9 290.9 327.1 6.72 19 707 2960 5.0 1.5 78 3.5 3.1 214 40 307.1 308.3 290.5 325.6 6.04 20 700 3041 4.4 2.4 87 2.0 3.3 215 42 307.4 308.6 290.9 327.3 6.51 21 699 3053 4.4 2.5 87 1.9 3.4 215 42 307.5 308.7 291.0 327.6 6.57 22 693 3123 4.4 -0.2 72 4.6 2.0 215 43 308.2 309.3 290.3 325.0 5.45 23 687 3194 4.0 -0.9 70 4.9 1.5 215 44 308.6 309.5 290.2 324.7 5.22 24 677 3313 3.6 -2.4 65 6.0 0.6 215 46 309.4 310.3 290.0 324.2 4.74 25 630 3893 -1.3 -4.3 80 3.0 -2.7 213 51 310.3 311.1 290.0 324.1 4.41 26 623 3982 -1.9 -6.0 73 4.1 -3.7 212 51 310.6 311.3 289.6 322.9 3.92 27 618 4046 -1.1 -12.1 43 11.0 -5.4 212 51 312.2 312.7 288.8 320.1 2.44 28 612 4124 -1.1 -22.1 19 21.0 -7.5 211 51 313.1 313.3 287.6 316.7 1.06 29 610 4150 -1.1 -21.1 20 20.0 -7.4 211 51 313.4 313.6 287.8 317.3 1.16 30 607 4190 -1.3 -17.3 28 16.0 -6.8 211 51 313.6 313.9 288.4 318.9 1.62 31 600 4282 -1.7 -18.7 26 17.0 -7.4 210 51 314.2 314.4 288.4 319.0 1.46 32 585 4483 -3.3 -15.3 39 12.0 -7.6 210 58 314.6 314.9 289.1 321.1 1.99 33 579 4565 -3.7 -17.7 33 14.0 -8.4 210 61 315.0 315.3 288.9 320.5 1.64 34 573 4647 -4.5 -14.5 46 10.0 -8.2 211 61 315.0 315.4 289.4 322.2 2.17 35 569 4703 -4.1 -28.1 13 24.0 -10.4 212 61 316.1 316.3 288.2 318.5 0.66 36 563 4786 -4.5 -22.5 23 18.0 -9.9 213 59 316.6 316.8 288.9 320.4 1.12 37 560 4829 -4.7 -26.7 16 22.0 -10.6 214 59 316.9 317.0 288.6 319.5 0.77 38 559 4843 -4.9 -25.9 18 21.0 -10.6 214 59 316.8 317.0 288.6 319.7 0.83 39 550 4970 -6.1 -20.1 32 14.0 -10.5 215 57 316.8 317.1 289.2 321.6 1.41 40 541 5099 -7.1 -24.1 24 17.0 -11.9 214 56 317.2 317.3 288.9 320.6 1.01 41 537 5157 -7.5 -19.5 38 12.0 -11.3 213 55 317.3 317.6 289.5 322.5 1.52 42 531 5245 -8.1 -19.1 41 11.0 -11.6 213 54 317.7 318.0 289.7 323.0 1.59 43 508 5588 -10.5 -25.5 28 15.0 -14.4 211 50 318.8 319.0 289.4 322.1 0.94 44 503 5664 -11.1 -24.1 33 13.0 -14.6 210 49 319.0 319.2 289.6 322.7 1.08 45 501 5695 -11.1 -20.1 47 9.0 -13.8 210 48 319.3 319.6 290.2 324.6 1.55 46 500 5710 -11.3 -20.3 47 9.0 -14.0 210 48 319.3 319.6 290.1 324.4 1.52 47 497 5756 -11.7 -20.7 47 9.0 -14.4 211 48 319.3 319.6 290.1 324.4 1.48 48 494 5802 -12.1 -20.1 51 8.0 -14.5 211 48 319.4 319.7 290.2 324.7 1.57 49 469 6196 -14.9 -26.9 35 12.0 -17.8 212 48 320.7 320.9 289.9 323.8 0.90 50 466 6244 -13.7 -38.7 10 25.0 -18.1 210 48 322.8 322.8 289.9 323.8 0.29 51 463 6293 -13.3 -41.3 8 28.0 -18.0 209 47 323.9 323.9 290.2 324.7 0.22 52 462 6310 -13.3 -42.3 7 29.0 -18.0 208 47 324.1 324.1 290.2 324.8 0.20 53 430 6852 -15.9 -48.9 4 33.0 -20.3 207 47 327.5 327.5 291.1 327.9 0.10 54 400 7390 -20.7 -43.7 11 23.0 -23.8 210 50 328.1 328.1 291.4 328.9 0.20 55 384 7691 -23.5 -44.5 13 21.0 -26.1 211 50 328.3 328.3 291.5 329.0 0.19 56 300 9450 -36.7 -43.7 48 7.0 -37.4 220 44 333.6 333.7 293.0 334.7 0.27 57 250 10680 -47.5 -51.6 63 4.1 -47.7 235 48 335.4 335.5 293.3 336.0 0.13 58 209 11840 -53.9 -62.8 33 8.8 -54.1 255 92 343.0 343.0 295.1 343.2 0.04 59 200 12120 -55.5 -65.5 28 10.0 -55.7 260 69 344.9 344.9 295.5 345.0 0.03 60 150 13930 -62.7 -79.7 8 17.0 -62.9 250 49 362.1 362.1 299.1 362.1 0.00 61 127 14953 -66.5 -85.5 5 19.0 -66.6 260 33 372.9 372.9 301.1 372.9 0.00 62 100 16410 -65.9 -86.9 4 21.0 -66.0 250 38 400.4 400.4 305.3 400.4 0.00 63 84 17470 -65.3 -87.3 3 22.0 -65.5 265 27 422.1 422.1 308.0 422.1 0.00 64 79 17845 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.1 252 15 434.5 434.5 309.3 434.5 0.00 65 75 18164 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.1 235 21 438.9 438.9 309.8 438.9 0.00 66 73 18331 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.2 243 25 446.6 446.6 310.6 446.6 0.00 67 70 18590 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.8 290 22 450.7 450.7 310.9 450.7 0.00 68 61 19435 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.8 294 12 466.5 466.5 312.4 466.6 0.00 69 59 19641 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -61.7 256 13 476.0 476.0 313.1 476.0 0.00 70 57 19854 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.7 216 15 480.7 480.7 313.5 480.7 0.00 71 55 20075 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.3 241 15 484.2 484.2 313.8 484.2 0.00 72 52 20424 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.3 281 25 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 73 51 20546 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.3 308 16 502.3 502.3 315.1 502.3 0.00 74 50 20670 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.9 335 7 503.7 503.7 315.2 503.8 0.00 75 47 21056 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.1 327 10 509.9 509.9 315.7 509.9 0.00 76 41 21905 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.1 299 13 527.7 527.7 316.8 527.7 0.00 77 32 23453 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.2 266 16 575.5 575.5 319.5 575.6 0.01 78 30 23860 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.7 235 14 587.9 587.9 320.0 587.9 0.01 79 28 24297 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -57.3 238 18 604.6 604.6 320.8 604.6 0.01 80 22 25846 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -54.8 263 32 658.5 658.5 323.0 658.6 0.01 81 20 26460 -53.9 -85.9 1 32.0 -56.3 265 25 671.2 671.2 323.4 671.3 0.01 82 19 26790 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -56.6 267 22 680.5 680.5 323.8 680.6 0.01 83 15 28310 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -56.6 263 33 730.1 730.1 325.4 730.2 0.01 84 14 28757 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -55.4 251 43 751.4 751.4 326.0 751.6 0.02 85 11 30315 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -57.7 263 56 796.3 796.4 327.1 796.5 0.02 86 10 30930 -52.3 -86.3 1 34.0 -56.9 270 52 824.3 824.3 327.8 824.5 0.02 87 9.2 31472 -50.9 -85.9 1 35.0 -56.3 266 53 849.6 849.6 328.4 849.8 0.03 88 8.9 31688 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -56.9 265 54 854.6 854.6 328.5 854.8 0.03 89 7.3 32998 -43.7 -82.7 1 39.0 -53.4 257 56 937.1 937.1 330.1 937.7 0.06 90 7.0 33280 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -53.8 255 57 946.7 946.8 330.3 947.3 0.06 91 6.9 33377 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -53.9 950.6 950.7 330.4 951.3 0.06 TRP 127 14953 -66.5 -85.5 5 19.0 -66.6 260 33 372.9 372.9 301.1 372.9 0.00 WND 209 11840 -53.9 -62.8 33 8.8 -54.1 255 92 343.0 343.0 295.1 343.2 0.04 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5682.00 m Freezing level: 642.47 mb = 3739.02 m = 12266.98 ft Wetbulb zero: 668.48 mb = 3415.19 m = 11204.55 ft Precipitable water: 1.13 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 57.25 % Est. max temperature: 28.46 C = 83.23 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 868.08 mb = 1246.13 m = 4088.32 ft T: 17.38 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.88 C/km ThetaE index: 4.01 C Layer 851.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 744.76 mb = 2532.75 m = 8309.43 ft Mean mixing ratio: 8.57 g/kg Conv temperature: 29.88 C = 85.78 F Cap Strength: 4.45 C Lifted Index: 2.86 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 7.40 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.30 C Showalter Index: 1.86 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 46.40 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 27.70 C Cross Totals Index: 18.70 C K Index: 33.10 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 252.69 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.31 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 37.32 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.64 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 55486.80 J/kg Cap Strength: 4.45 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 810.92 mb = 1823.21 m = 5981.59 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 240 at 34 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 978 215 150 12 -6.0 10.4 | 80 36 -35.2 -6.3 1 935 610 190 43 7.5 42.3 | 140 34 -21.7 25.7 2 925 700 200 45 15.4 42.3 | 152 29 -13.8 25.6 3 902 914 200 41 14.0 38.5 | 145 27 -15.2 21.9 4 871 1219 210 39 19.5 33.8 | 150 20 -9.7 17.1 5 850 1426 205 40 16.9 36.3 | 148 23 -12.3 19.6 6 810 1829 210 38 19.0 32.9 | 148 19 -10.2 16.2 7 781 2134 215 35 20.1 28.7 | 143 15 -9.1 12.0 8 753 2438 215 32 18.4 26.2 | 131 14 -10.8 9.5 9 726 2743 210 35 17.5 30.3 | 139 18 -11.7 13.6 10 700 3041 215 42 24.1 34.4 | 164 18 -5.1 17.7 11 648 3658 215 51 29.3 41.8 | 180 25 0.1 25.1 12 600 4267 210 51 25.5 44.2 | 172 28 -3.7 27.5 13 577 4572 210 62 31.0 53.7 | 183 37 1.8 37.0 14 555 4877 215 58 33.3 47.5 | 188 31 4.1 30.8 15 500 5710 210 48 24.0 41.6 | 168 25 -5.2 24.9 16 475 6096 215 50 28.7 41.0 | 179 24 -0.5 24.3 17 456 6401 205 45 19.0 40.8 | 157 26 -10.2 24.1 18 400 7390 210 50 25.0 43.3 | 171 27 -4.2 26.6 19 387 7620 210 50 25.0 43.3 | 171 27 -4.2 26.6 20 371 7925 215 50 28.7 41.0 | 179 24 -0.5 24.3 21 327 8839 220 35 22.5 26.8 | 147 12 -6.7 10.1 22 313 9144 220 42 27.0 32.2 | 172 16 -2.2 15.5 23 300 9450 220 44 28.3 33.7 | 177 17 -0.9 17.0 24 250 10668 230 48 36.8 30.9 | 208 16 7.6 14.2 25 250 10680 235 48 39.3 27.5 | 223 15 10.1 10.9 26 239 10973 235 49 40.1 28.1 | 224 16 11.0 11.4 27 209 11840 255 92 88.9 23.8 | 263 60 59.7 7.1 28 207 11887 255 92 88.9 23.8 | 263 60 59.7 7.1 29 200 12120 260 69 68.0 12.0 | 277 39 38.8 -4.7 30 179 12802 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 297 13 11.4 -5.8 31 171 13106 235 31 25.4 17.8 | 106 4 -3.8 1.1 32 163 13411 215 33 18.9 27.0 | 135 15 -10.3 10.4 33 150 13930 250 49 46.0 16.8 | 270 17 16.9 0.1 34 141 14326 250 55 51.7 18.8 | 265 23 22.5 2.1 35 127 14935 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 351 6 0.9 -5.7 36 127 14953 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 343 11 3.3 -10.9 37 121 15240 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 343 11 3.3 -10.9 38 115 15545 250 46 43.2 15.7 | 274 14 14.0 -0.9 39 104 16154 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 16 7 -1.9 -6.7 40 100 16410 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 299 7 6.5 -3.7 41 94 16764 250 37 34.8 12.7 | 306 7 5.6 -4.0 42 85 17374 260 34 33.5 5.9 | 338 12 4.3 -10.8 43 81 17678 275 14 13.9 -1.2 | 40 23 -15.2 -17.9 44 77 17983 235 15 12.3 8.6 | 64 19 -16.9 -8.1 45 74 18288 235 25 20.5 14.3 | 75 9 -8.7 -2.3 46 70 18590 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 19 26 -8.5 -24.2 47 67 18898 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 22 26 -9.5 -23.8 48 60 19507 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 42 29 -19.2 -21.3 49 57 19812 210 15 7.5 13.0 | 80 22 -21.7 -3.7 50 55 20117 245 15 13.6 6.3 | 56 19 -15.6 -10.3 51 52 20422 280 25 24.6 -4.3 | 12 21 -4.6 -21.0 52 50 20670 335 7 3.0 -6.3 | 49 35 -26.2 -23.0 53 47 21031 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 44 35 -24.2 -25.3 54 45 21336 290 8 7.5 -2.7 | 48 29 -21.7 -19.4 55 41 21946 300 13 11.3 -6.5 | 38 29 -17.9 -23.2 56 37 22555 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 36 25 -14.7 -20.5 57 34 23165 300 12 10.4 -6.0 | 40 29 -18.8 -22.7 58 32 23470 265 16 15.9 1.4 | 41 20 -13.2 -15.3 59 30 23774 295 16 14.5 -6.8 | 32 28 -14.7 -23.4 60 30 23860 235 14 11.5 8.0 | 64 20 -17.7 -8.6 61 29 24079 245 12 10.9 5.1 | 58 22 -18.3 -11.6 62 28 24384 235 20 16.4 11.5 | 68 14 -12.8 -5.2 63 26 24689 255 24 23.2 6.2 | 30 12 -6.0 -10.5 64 25 24994 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 61 15 -12.7 -7.2 65 24 25298 245 17 15.4 7.2 | 55 17 -13.8 -9.5 66 23 25603 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 337 15 5.7 -13.6 67 21 26213 260 28 27.6 4.9 | 8 12 -1.6 -11.8 68 20 26460 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 16 15 -4.3 -14.5 69 20 26518 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 10 21 -3.6 -21.2 70 19 26822 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 26 16 -7.3 -14.7 71 17 27432 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 346 27 6.6 -26.2 72 16 28042 250 31 29.1 10.6 | 1 6 -0.1 -6.1 73 15 28346 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 345 14 3.7 -13.8 74 14 28956 245 48 43.5 20.3 | 256 15 14.3 3.6 75 12 29566 255 61 58.9 15.8 | 272 30 29.7 -0.9 76 10 30930 270 52 52.0 -0.0 | 306 28 22.8 -16.7 77 7 33280 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 274 26 25.9 -1.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 210.3 at 44.8 knts Storm direction: 240.3 at 33.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.2 neg: 0.6 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 89.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 456.0 neg: -44.0 tot: 412.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 137.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.58 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 14.3 stream: 8.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.09 Bulk Rich Number: 0.65 Bulk Shear: 57.82 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 186 31 119 30| 39.2 0.0 39.2|388.1 0.0 388.1 776.3 0.96| 45.9 44.2 1000 196 36 133 27| 17.8 0.0 17.8|401.0 -21.3 379.6 379.6 0.76| 28.5 21.7 1500 200 37 138 25| 11.9 0.3 12.2|401.1 -26.5 374.6 249.7 0.67| 21.1 14.1 2000 203 37 140 23| 8.2 0.3 8.5|401.1 -36.5 364.6 182.3 0.58| 17.4 10.0 2500 205 36 140 21| 6.6 0.7 7.3|408.9 -44.0 364.9 146.0 0.53| 15.1 8.0 3000 207 37 142 21| 7.2 0.6 7.8|456.0 -44.0 412.1 137.4 0.58| 14.3 8.3 4000 209 40 152 21| 5.4 1.3 6.7|478.4 -64.5 413.8 103.5 0.53| 12.1 6.4 5000 210 44 161 23| 4.7 1.0 5.7|546.7 -90.6 456.0 91.2 0.47| 11.8 5.6 6000 210 45 163 23| 4.0 0.8 4.8|572.4-151.6 420.8 70.1 0.38| 11.0 4.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251019.12.gif