UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 19 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 19 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 71 SFC 983 215 20.6 9.6 49 11.0 14.0 150 6 295.2 296.6 287.9 317.3 7.65 2 976 278 22.2 8.2 41 14.0 13.9 157 9 297.4 298.7 288.1 317.9 7.00 3 969 341 22.4 7.4 38 15.0 13.6 164 11 298.2 299.4 288.1 317.9 6.67 4 925 747 19.4 7.4 46 12.0 12.4 200 25 299.1 300.4 288.6 319.8 6.99 5 896 1020 16.8 6.8 52 10.0 11.0 210 22 299.2 300.5 288.6 319.7 6.93 6 850 1466 12.8 7.8 72 5.0 9.9 220 21 299.6 301.0 289.6 322.6 7.83 7 845 1516 12.4 8.2 76 4.2 9.9 224 22 299.6 301.1 289.8 323.5 8.10 8 828 1686 11.2 8.2 82 3.0 9.4 238 24 300.1 301.6 290.1 324.5 8.27 9 821 1757 11.0 7.6 80 3.4 9.0 244 25 300.6 302.1 290.0 324.3 8.00 10 819 1777 10.8 7.0 77 3.8 8.6 246 25 300.6 302.0 289.8 323.4 7.69 11 815 1818 11.0 5.0 66 6.0 7.6 249 26 301.3 302.5 289.2 321.3 6.72 12 800 1973 11.0 -1.0 43 12.0 4.9 255 26 302.9 303.7 287.5 316.4 4.44 13 799 1983 10.8 -0.2 46 11.0 5.2 255 26 302.8 303.6 287.8 317.1 4.72 14 796 2015 10.6 3.6 62 7.0 6.8 256 25 302.9 304.0 289.2 321.6 6.23 15 783 2152 9.4 5.1 74 4.3 7.0 260 25 303.0 304.3 290.0 324.1 7.05 16 769 2301 8.8 -0.2 53 9.0 4.2 265 23 303.9 304.9 288.3 318.9 4.90 17 767 2323 8.6 -0.4 53 9.0 4.0 266 23 304.0 304.9 288.3 318.7 4.84 18 763 2366 8.4 -1.6 49 10.0 3.4 268 23 304.2 305.0 288.1 317.8 4.46 19 761 2388 9.0 -5.0 37 14.0 2.5 268 23 305.1 305.7 287.3 315.8 3.46 20 752 2486 9.4 -13.6 18 23.0 0.4 269 20 306.5 306.9 286.1 312.3 1.78 21 738 2642 8.6 -15.4 17 24.0 -0.4 267 15 307.3 307.6 286.2 312.4 1.56 22 723 2812 7.6 -9.4 29 17.0 0.3 263 12 308.0 308.5 287.5 316.3 2.59 23 714 2915 6.8 -13.2 22 20.0 -1.0 259 14 308.3 308.6 286.9 314.5 1.93 24 709 2973 7.4 -22.6 10 30.0 -2.3 257 16 309.5 309.7 286.2 312.5 0.88 25 708 2984 7.4 -21.6 11 29.0 -2.2 257 16 309.7 309.9 286.4 312.9 0.96 26 706 3008 7.4 -18.6 14 26.0 -1.8 256 16 309.9 310.2 286.8 314.0 1.25 27 704 3031 7.4 -5.6 39 13.0 1.3 256 17 310.2 310.8 289.2 321.5 3.58 28 700 3078 6.8 -3.2 49 10.0 1.9 255 19 310.0 310.8 289.8 323.5 4.31 29 677 3351 4.4 -3.6 56 8.0 0.5 269 22 310.3 311.1 289.9 323.9 4.33 30 671 3424 4.0 -6.0 48 10.0 -0.6 268 22 310.7 311.3 289.4 322.2 3.64 31 662 3533 3.0 -5.0 56 8.0 -0.7 264 23 310.7 311.5 289.8 323.3 3.98 32 647 3719 1.8 -8.2 47 10.0 -2.6 258 24 311.4 312.0 289.2 321.6 3.18 33 645 3744 1.6 -6.4 55 8.0 -2.0 257 24 311.5 312.2 289.7 323.1 3.67 34 641 3794 1.2 -2.2 78 3.4 -0.5 254 24 311.6 312.5 291.0 327.5 5.08 35 639 3819 0.8 -3.2 75 4.0 -1.2 253 24 311.4 312.3 290.6 326.2 4.73 36 635 3870 0.4 -2.3 82 2.7 -0.9 250 25 311.5 312.5 291.0 327.4 5.09 37 629 3946 0.0 -4.4 72 4.4 -2.1 247 25 311.9 312.7 290.5 325.7 4.39 38 619 4074 -0.9 -3.6 82 2.7 -2.2 243 26 312.3 313.2 290.9 327.2 4.74 39 609 4204 -2.1 -5.1 80 3.0 -3.5 241 28 312.4 313.2 290.6 325.9 4.30 40 597 4362 -3.7 -4.9 91 1.2 -4.3 240 29 312.3 313.1 290.7 326.3 4.45 41 588 4482 -4.5 -7.2 81 2.7 -5.7 240 30 312.7 313.4 290.2 324.8 3.79 42 583 4549 -4.7 -11.7 58 7.0 -7.4 240 31 313.2 313.8 289.3 321.9 2.68 43 582 4562 -4.3 -18.3 33 14.0 -8.9 240 31 313.9 314.2 288.4 319.0 1.55 44 581 4576 -4.3 -19.3 30 15.0 -9.1 240 31 314.0 314.3 288.3 318.8 1.43 45 578 4617 -4.5 -17.5 35 13.0 -8.9 241 31 314.3 314.6 288.7 319.8 1.67 46 574 4672 -4.7 -18.7 33 14.0 -9.3 243 31 314.6 314.9 288.6 319.7 1.52 47 572 4699 -4.5 -24.5 19 20.0 -10.1 244 31 315.2 315.4 288.2 318.3 0.92 48 553 4965 -4.9 -37.9 6 33.0 -11.7 251 30 317.8 317.8 288.3 318.7 0.26 49 520 5446 -8.3 -36.3 8 28.0 -14.0 260 32 319.3 319.4 288.9 320.5 0.33 50 516 5506 -8.9 -28.9 18 20.0 -13.8 261 32 319.3 319.4 289.3 321.7 0.68 51 514 5536 -8.9 -35.9 9 27.0 -14.4 261 32 319.7 319.7 289.0 320.9 0.35 52 500 5750 -10.3 -33.3 13 23.0 -15.2 265 33 320.5 320.6 289.4 322.1 0.46 53 484 6000 -12.3 -31.3 19 19.0 -16.4 265 36 321.0 321.1 289.7 323.1 0.58 54 400 7430 -21.9 -46.9 8 25.0 -24.9 280 40 326.5 326.6 290.9 327.1 0.14 55 300 9470 -38.9 -45.9 48 7.0 -39.4 285 46 330.5 330.6 292.1 331.3 0.21 56 250 10690 -49.7 -53.7 63 4.0 -49.8 285 69 332.2 332.2 292.4 332.6 0.10 57 217 11604 -55.4 -63.2 37 7.8 -55.6 285 92 337.1 337.1 293.6 337.2 0.04 58 200 12120 -58.7 -68.7 26 10.0 -58.8 285 62 339.8 339.8 294.3 339.9 0.02 59 188 12508 -61.3 -72.3 22 11.0 -61.4 280 48 341.7 341.7 294.7 341.7 0.01 60 150 13920 -59.1 -82.1 4 23.0 -59.3 275 49 368.3 368.3 300.2 368.3 0.00 61 100 16410 -67.1 -86.1 5 19.0 -67.2 255 22 398.1 398.1 304.9 398.1 0.00 62 96 16656 -67.9 -86.9 5 19.0 -68.0 259 25 401.2 401.2 305.3 401.2 0.00 63 93 16848 -66.1 -87.1 4 21.0 -66.2 254 26 408.4 408.4 306.3 408.4 0.00 64 88 17183 -66.1 -87.1 4 21.0 -66.2 257 22 414.9 414.9 307.1 414.9 0.00 65 87 17253 -66.1 -87.1 4 21.0 -66.2 252 22 416.3 416.3 307.3 416.3 0.00 66 84 17467 -63.1 -87.1 3 24.0 -63.3 250 25 426.6 426.6 308.4 426.6 0.00 67 79 17844 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 266 31 432.5 432.5 309.1 432.5 0.00 68 74 18247 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 279 26 445.3 445.3 310.4 445.3 0.00 69 70 18590 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 265 13 447.7 447.7 310.6 447.7 0.00 70 69 18678 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 281 12 449.5 449.5 310.8 449.5 0.00 71 56 19974 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.7 275 27 488.1 488.1 314.1 488.1 0.00 72 52 20437 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -62.0 325 21 493.0 493.0 314.4 493.0 0.00 73 50 20680 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.4 235 6 497.6 497.6 314.8 497.6 0.00 74 47 21061 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.0 314 14 505.1 505.1 315.3 505.1 0.00 75 41 21909 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.9 292 13 533.7 533.7 317.2 533.7 0.00 76 38 22383 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.4 321 11 541.3 541.3 317.6 541.3 0.00 77 35 22895 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -60.2 273 14 557.8 557.8 318.5 557.9 0.00 78 32 23460 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.9 270 20 582.5 582.5 319.8 582.5 0.01 79 31 23662 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.8 257 13 585.1 585.1 319.9 585.1 0.01 80 30 23870 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -57.3 280 22 592.2 592.3 320.3 592.3 0.01 81 24 25304 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -54.8 250 26 641.7 641.7 322.4 641.8 0.01 82 23 25580 -52.9 -84.9 1 32.0 -55.3 250 29 647.8 647.8 322.6 647.9 0.01 83 20 26490 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -53.0 240 42 685.3 685.3 324.0 685.4 0.02 84 19 26827 -48.3 -82.3 1 34.0 -52.4 240 42 698.5 698.5 324.4 698.7 0.02 85 19 26827 -48.3 -82.3 1 34.0 -52.4 240 42 698.5 698.5 324.4 698.7 0.02 86 18 27180 -50.9 -83.9 1 33.0 -54.4 252 42 701.2 701.2 324.5 701.3 0.02 87 17 27553 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -53.7 260 41 716.6 716.6 325.0 716.8 0.02 88 15 28366 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -55.8 246 44 734.1 734.1 325.5 734.2 0.02 89 13 29295 -49.9 -83.9 1 34.0 -54.6 260 38 773.0 773.1 326.5 773.3 0.03 90 12 29819 -49.5 -83.5 1 34.0 -54.6 260 43 792.4 792.4 327.1 792.6 0.03 91 11 30386 -51.1 -84.1 1 33.0 -55.9 251 46 806.5 806.5 327.4 806.8 0.03 92 11 30386 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.8 251 46 813.1 813.1 327.5 813.4 0.03 93 11 30386 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.8 251 46 813.1 813.1 327.5 813.4 0.03 94 11 30386 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.8 251 46 813.1 813.1 327.5 813.4 0.03 95 10 31010 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -55.3 240 50 834.0 834.0 328.1 834.4 0.04 96 9.3 31481 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -56.9 244 57 843.1 843.2 328.2 843.4 0.03 97 8.7 31916 -47.7 -82.7 1 35.0 -54.6 248 63 875.7 875.7 329.0 876.2 0.05 98 7.9 32546 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -57.2 253 72 885.0 885.0 329.1 885.4 0.04 99 7.1 33246 -46.1 -83.1 1 37.0 -54.7 259 83 934.7 934.7 330.1 935.3 0.06 100 7.0 33340 -46.9 -81.9 1 35.0 -55.1 260 84 935.2 935.2 330.1 935.9 0.07 101 6.8 33532 -47.5 -82.5 1 35.0 -55.5 940.5 940.5 330.2 941.1 0.06 TRP 188 12508 -61.3 -72.3 22 11.0 -61.4 280 48 341.7 341.7 294.7 341.7 0.01 WND 217 11604 -55.4 -63.2 37 7.8 -55.6 285 92 337.1 337.1 293.6 337.2 0.04 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5679.00 m Freezing level: 629.00 mb = 3945.72 m = 12945.13 ft Wetbulb zero: 745.15 mb = 2562.27 m = 8406.28 ft Precipitable water: 0.90 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 45.62 % Est. max temperature: 25.36 C = 77.65 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 834.90 mb = 1616.22 m = 5302.50 ft T: 11.69 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.40 C/km ThetaE index: 11.89 C Layer 769.0- 738.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 652.98 mb = 3644.49 m = 11956.84 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.93 g/kg Conv temperature: 36.46 C = 97.64 F Cap Strength: 7.09 C Lifted Index: 6.56 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 8.54 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.72 C Showalter Index: 4.68 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 41.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 23.10 C Cross Totals Index: 18.10 C K Index: 20.90 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 281.99 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.03 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 6.88 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.71 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 69529.16 J/kg Cap Strength: 6.85 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 777.10 mb = 2214.38 m = 7264.92 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 278 at 19 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 983 215 150 6 -3.0 5.2 | 110 23 -21.6 7.8 1 940 610 195 23 6.0 22.2 | 153 28 -12.6 24.8 2 925 747 200 25 8.6 23.5 | 159 28 -10.0 26.1 3 907 914 205 22 9.3 19.9 | 158 24 -9.3 22.5 4 875 1219 220 21 13.5 16.1 | 165 19 -5.1 18.7 5 850 1466 220 21 13.5 16.1 | 165 19 -5.1 18.7 6 814 1829 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 207 13 5.9 11.5 7 784 2134 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 221 9 6.1 6.9 8 756 2438 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 233 4 3.4 2.6 9 729 2743 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 115 8 -7.6 3.6 10 703 3048 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 163 7 -2.1 7.0 11 700 3078 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 178 8 -0.2 7.5 12 676 3353 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 233 4 3.4 2.6 13 651 3658 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 217 8 5.1 6.8 14 626 3962 245 25 22.7 10.6 | 197 14 4.1 13.2 15 603 4267 240 29 25.1 14.5 | 201 18 6.6 17.1 16 580 4572 240 31 26.8 15.5 | 205 20 8.3 18.1 17 558 4877 250 30 28.2 10.3 | 217 16 9.6 12.9 18 500 5750 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 249 15 14.3 5.5 19 478 6096 265 37 36.9 3.2 | 252 19 18.3 5.8 20 423 7010 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 282 23 22.8 -4.7 21 406 7315 285 39 37.7 -10.1 | 291 21 19.1 -7.5 22 400 7430 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 282 21 20.8 -4.3 23 389 7620 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 282 21 20.8 -4.3 24 314 9144 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 272 21 21.3 -0.9 25 301 9449 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 282 20 19.9 -4.2 26 300 9470 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 290 28 25.9 -9.3 27 250 10690 285 69 66.6 -17.9 | 288 50 48.1 -15.3 28 217 11604 285 92 88.9 -23.8 | 287 73 70.3 -21.2 29 207 11887 285 92 88.9 -23.8 | 287 73 70.3 -21.2 30 200 12120 285 62 59.9 -16.0 | 288 43 41.3 -13.4 31 188 12497 290 57 53.6 -19.5 | 296 39 35.0 -16.9 32 188 12508 280 48 47.3 -8.3 | 281 29 28.7 -5.7 33 179 12802 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 273 25 25.3 -1.2 34 163 13411 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 266 35 34.4 2.6 35 150 13920 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 273 30 30.3 -1.7 36 121 15240 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 264 24 23.4 2.6 37 115 15545 275 50 49.8 -4.4 | 273 31 31.3 -1.8 38 110 15850 285 42 40.6 -10.9 | 291 24 22.0 -8.3 39 100 16410 255 22 21.3 5.7 | 198 9 2.7 8.3 40 99 16459 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 259 3 3.4 0.7 41 94 16764 250 27 25.4 9.2 | 210 14 6.8 11.8 42 90 17069 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 223 6 4.4 4.6 43 85 17374 245 21 19.0 8.9 | 182 11 0.5 11.5 44 81 17678 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 239 16 13.9 8.3 45 74 18288 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 285 7 7.1 -1.9 46 70 18590 265 13 13.0 1.1 | 124 7 -5.6 3.7 47 70 18593 285 11 10.6 -2.8 | 88 8 -7.9 -0.3 48 60 19507 245 18 16.3 7.6 | 168 10 -2.2 10.2 49 57 19812 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 251 8 7.4 2.6 50 55 20117 280 28 27.6 -4.9 | 284 9 9.0 -2.3 51 52 20422 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 25 18 -7.6 -16.5 52 50 20680 235 6 4.9 3.4 | 114 15 -13.6 6.0 53 50 20726 350 15 2.6 -14.8 | 53 20 -15.9 -12.2 54 45 21336 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 83 6 -6.0 -0.8 55 43 21641 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 112 9 -8.6 3.5 56 41 21946 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 67 7 -6.8 -2.9 57 39 22250 335 10 4.2 -9.1 | 66 16 -14.3 -6.5 58 35 22860 275 14 13.9 -1.2 | 107 5 -4.6 1.4 59 34 23165 260 17 16.7 3.0 | 162 6 -1.8 5.5 60 32 23470 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 209 3 1.4 2.6 61 30 23774 250 9 8.5 3.1 | 119 12 -10.1 5.7 62 30 23870 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 291 3 3.1 -1.2 63 28 24384 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 297 11 9.5 -4.9 64 26 24689 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 10 4 -0.7 -3.9 65 25 24994 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 196 11 3.1 10.5 66 23 25603 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 215 15 8.7 12.5 67 22 25908 285 28 27.0 -7.2 | 299 10 8.5 -4.7 68 21 26213 245 33 29.9 13.9 | 214 20 11.4 16.5 69 20 26490 240 42 36.4 21.0 | 217 30 17.8 23.6 70 19 26822 240 42 36.4 21.0 | 217 30 17.8 23.6 71 17 27432 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 247 25 22.8 9.9 72 16 28042 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 244 21 18.9 9.2 73 15 28346 245 44 39.9 18.6 | 225 30 21.3 21.2 74 14 28651 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 256 27 26.3 6.5 75 13 29261 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 244 21 18.9 9.2 76 12 29870 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 247 26 23.8 10.1 77 10 31010 240 50 43.3 25.0 | 222 37 24.7 27.6 78 7 33340 260 84 82.7 14.6 | 255 66 64.2 17.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 248.0 at 25.0 knts Storm direction: 278.0 at 18.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.7 neg: 1.5 tot: 4.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 88.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 248.6 neg: -11.4 tot: 237.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 79.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.55 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.0 stream: 7.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.11 Bulk Shear: 61.40 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 190 16 140 25| 21.7 0.0 21.7|153.1 0.0 153.1 306.2 0.96| 23.5 22.6 1000 200 19 151 24| 10.2 0.0 10.2|172.4 -2.9 169.5 169.5 0.77| 16.6 12.7 1500 210 20 157 22| 8.6 0.0 8.6|206.8 -2.9 203.9 135.9 0.79| 14.1 11.1 2000 223 22 168 19| 7.0 0.0 7.0|229.8 -2.9 226.9 113.5 0.77| 13.2 10.2 2500 232 21 173 16| 3.2 0.0 3.2|231.2 -11.4 219.8 87.9 0.49| 13.4 6.6 3000 236 20 173 14| 2.7 1.5 4.1|248.6 -11.4 237.2 79.1 0.55| 13.0 7.1 4000 242 21 181 13| 2.0 2.3 4.3|254.7 -23.8 230.9 57.7 0.43| 11.9 5.2 5000 243 23 189 13| 2.4 1.9 4.2|293.0 -23.8 269.2 53.8 0.47| 10.7 5.0 6000 248 25 201 13| 2.8 1.6 4.3|326.7 -23.8 302.9 50.5 0.49| 9.8 4.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251019.00.gif