UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 18 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 18 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 109 SFC 987 215 12.0 8.1 77 3.9 9.9 200 9 286.2 287.4 283.6 305.4 6.87 2 978 292 12.4 6.4 67 6.0 9.2 206 13 287.4 288.5 283.3 304.8 6.17 3 951 529 11.2 5.2 67 6.0 8.0 224 24 288.5 289.5 283.4 305.0 5.83 4 937 654 11.8 2.8 54 9.0 7.2 229 27 290.3 291.2 283.2 304.7 4.99 5 925 763 13.2 0.2 41 13.0 6.8 225 26 292.8 293.6 283.4 305.1 4.19 6 924 772 13.2 0.2 41 13.0 6.8 226 26 292.9 293.6 283.5 305.2 4.20 7 918 827 14.0 5.0 55 9.0 9.1 229 27 294.3 295.3 285.9 311.6 5.96 8 910 901 13.8 5.8 58 8.0 9.4 234 29 294.8 295.9 286.5 313.3 6.36 9 907 929 13.8 6.8 63 7.0 9.9 235 29 295.1 296.3 287.1 314.9 6.84 10 895 1041 14.0 7.0 63 7.0 10.0 233 27 296.4 297.7 287.7 316.9 7.03 11 890 1089 15.2 9.2 67 6.0 11.6 232 26 298.1 299.6 289.4 322.2 8.23 12 871 1271 14.0 9.0 72 5.0 11.0 232 22 298.7 300.2 289.7 323.0 8.30 13 851 1467 13.6 7.6 67 6.0 10.1 240 16 300.3 301.7 289.7 323.1 7.71 14 850 1477 13.6 7.6 67 6.0 10.1 240 16 300.4 301.8 289.8 323.2 7.72 15 846 1517 13.8 6.8 63 7.0 9.7 232 20 301.0 302.4 289.6 322.8 7.34 16 774 2260 8.0 6.1 88 1.9 6.9 271 14 302.5 303.9 290.4 325.3 7.65 17 758 2433 7.6 6.5 93 1.1 7.0 279 17 303.9 305.4 291.2 328.0 8.04 18 756 2454 7.4 6.1 91 1.3 6.6 280 17 303.9 305.4 291.0 327.4 7.84 19 739 2642 6.6 5.3 91 1.3 5.9 280 14 305.0 306.4 291.1 327.9 7.58 20 728 2765 6.2 2.8 79 3.4 4.4 280 12 305.9 307.1 290.4 325.5 6.44 21 706 3016 4.4 0.9 78 3.5 2.5 276 12 306.6 307.7 290.0 324.3 5.79 22 700 3086 3.8 0.9 81 2.9 2.3 275 12 306.7 307.8 290.2 324.6 5.84 23 681 3309 1.8 -0.2 87 2.0 0.8 269 13 306.9 307.9 289.9 323.9 5.54 24 659 3573 0.0 -2.7 82 2.7 -1.3 263 14 307.8 308.6 289.5 322.5 4.76 25 656 3609 0.0 -4.2 73 4.2 -2.0 262 15 308.2 309.0 289.2 321.4 4.27 26 648 3707 -0.5 -2.7 85 2.2 -1.6 260 15 308.7 309.6 289.9 323.7 4.84 27 639 3819 -1.3 -3.0 88 1.7 -2.1 260 15 309.0 309.9 289.9 323.9 4.80 28 633 3894 -1.9 -4.5 82 2.6 -3.1 260 16 309.1 310.0 289.6 322.7 4.33 29 632 3907 -2.1 -5.5 77 3.4 -3.6 260 16 309.1 309.8 289.2 321.6 4.02 30 627 3970 -2.5 -4.7 85 2.2 -3.5 260 16 309.3 310.1 289.6 322.7 4.30 31 618 4085 -2.9 -8.9 63 6.0 -5.4 265 16 310.1 310.7 288.8 320.1 3.15 32 608 4214 -3.3 -7.1 75 3.8 -5.0 272 16 311.1 311.8 289.6 322.8 3.69 33 601 4305 -3.9 -4.4 96 0.5 -4.1 276 17 311.5 312.3 290.5 325.9 4.59 34 594 4398 -3.7 -4.6 93 0.9 -4.1 279 19 312.7 313.6 290.9 327.2 4.58 35 580 4586 -4.7 -7.3 82 2.6 -5.8 285 25 313.7 314.4 290.5 325.9 3.81 36 569 4737 -5.7 -7.4 88 1.7 -6.4 285 27 314.3 315.0 290.7 326.6 3.86 37 549 5016 -7.1 -10.1 79 3.0 -8.3 284 31 315.8 316.4 290.6 326.3 3.23 38 539 5160 -8.1 -9.7 88 1.6 -8.8 283 33 316.3 317.0 290.9 327.3 3.40 39 530 5290 -8.9 -11.4 82 2.5 -9.9 283 35 316.9 317.4 290.7 326.7 3.02 40 527 5334 -8.7 -13.7 67 5.0 -10.5 282 36 317.6 318.1 290.5 325.9 2.52 41 507 5633 -10.7 -16.7 61 6.0 -12.7 281 40 318.7 319.1 290.5 325.5 2.04 42 500 5740 -11.7 -16.7 66 5.0 -13.3 280 42 318.8 319.2 290.5 325.7 2.07 43 486 5957 -13.5 -17.0 75 3.5 -14.6 277 41 319.2 319.6 290.6 326.1 2.08 44 476 6114 -14.7 -15.9 91 1.2 -15.1 275 40 319.6 320.0 291.0 327.3 2.33 45 468 6243 -15.1 -17.1 85 2.0 -15.7 274 40 320.6 321.1 291.1 327.8 2.14 46 462 6340 -15.7 -16.8 91 1.1 -16.0 274 40 321.1 321.5 291.3 328.5 2.22 47 458 6406 -16.1 -18.3 83 2.2 -16.8 274 40 321.4 321.8 291.2 328.1 1.97 48 444 6639 -17.9 -18.9 92 1.0 -18.2 273 41 322.0 322.3 291.3 328.5 1.93 49 435 6791 -18.7 -20.7 84 2.0 -19.3 272 41 322.8 323.2 291.3 328.6 1.69 50 423 6999 -20.7 -23.4 79 2.7 -21.4 272 41 322.9 323.2 291.0 327.6 1.37 51 420 7052 -21.1 -23.1 84 2.0 -21.6 271 41 323.0 323.3 291.1 327.9 1.42 52 418 7087 -21.3 -24.7 74 3.4 -22.1 271 41 323.2 323.5 291.0 327.5 1.23 53 413 7176 -21.9 -25.5 73 3.6 -22.7 271 42 323.6 323.8 291.0 327.6 1.16 54 412 7193 -22.1 -25.7 73 3.6 -22.9 271 42 323.5 323.7 291.0 327.5 1.14 55 400 7410 -23.7 -26.2 80 2.5 -24.2 270 42 324.2 324.4 291.2 328.1 1.13 56 300 9450 -39.1 -42.1 73 3.0 -39.4 275 40 330.3 330.3 292.1 331.5 0.31 57 250 10670 -48.1 -52.0 64 3.9 -48.3 270 40 334.6 334.6 293.1 335.1 0.13 58 200 12110 -57.1 -70.1 18 13.0 -57.3 275 32 342.3 342.3 294.9 342.4 0.02 59 150 13920 -61.7 -82.7 4 21.0 -61.9 270 38 363.8 363.8 299.4 363.8 0.00 60 128 14889 -67.1 -85.1 6 18.0 -67.2 285 32 370.9 370.9 300.7 371.0 0.00 61 100 16380 -66.7 -85.7 5 19.0 -66.8 280 35 398.9 398.9 305.0 398.9 0.00 62 97 16566 -64.3 -86.3 3 22.0 -64.5 280 35 407.0 407.0 306.1 407.0 0.00 63 92 16889 -65.9 -86.9 4 21.0 -66.1 274 26 410.1 410.1 306.5 410.1 0.00 64 91 16956 -64.5 -86.5 3 22.0 -64.7 271 20 414.1 414.1 307.0 414.1 0.00 65 82 17594 -64.1 -87.1 3 23.0 -64.3 291 14 427.5 427.5 308.6 427.5 0.00 66 75 18139 -66.3 -88.3 3 22.0 -66.5 307 17 433.9 433.9 309.3 433.9 0.00 67 70 18560 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.4 330 22 447.3 447.3 310.6 447.3 0.00 68 68 18737 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.4 320 24 453.1 453.1 311.1 453.1 0.00 69 58 19715 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.2 306 12 479.6 479.6 313.4 479.7 0.00 70 50 20630 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.1 245 10 495.7 495.7 314.7 495.7 0.00 71 49 20755 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.4 349 1 500.5 500.5 315.0 500.5 0.00 72 46 21145 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.1 240 10 507.7 507.7 315.5 507.7 0.00 73 44 21421 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.6 227 12 521.0 521.0 316.4 521.0 0.00 74 37 22503 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.7 278 17 547.5 547.5 317.9 547.5 0.00 75 36 22675 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.0 286 20 556.5 556.5 318.5 556.5 0.00 76 35 22852 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -60.0 295 24 558.4 558.4 318.6 558.4 0.00 77 33 23222 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.6 322 19 572.1 572.1 319.3 572.1 0.01 78 30 23820 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -61.2 230 9 580.3 580.3 319.7 580.3 0.00 79 28 24252 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.5 225 11 594.0 594.0 320.3 594.1 0.01 80 27 24483 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -56.8 233 12 612.6 612.6 321.2 612.7 0.01 81 23 25522 -50.1 -84.1 1 34.0 -53.2 238 27 656.1 656.1 322.9 656.2 0.01 82 20 26430 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -56.1 260 41 672.4 672.4 323.5 672.5 0.01 83 19 26760 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -56.3 260 42 681.7 681.7 323.9 681.8 0.01 84 19 26760 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -56.3 260 42 681.7 681.7 323.9 681.8 0.01 85 17 27481 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -53.6 259 28 717.2 717.2 325.0 717.4 0.02 86 16 27876 -51.7 -84.7 1 33.0 -55.2 253 27 722.6 722.6 325.1 722.7 0.02 87 16 27876 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -54.1 253 27 727.8 727.8 325.3 728.0 0.02 88 14 28746 -51.1 -85.1 1 34.0 -55.2 241 42 752.8 752.8 326.0 752.9 0.02 89 14 28746 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -54.4 241 42 756.8 756.8 326.1 757.0 0.02 90 11 30312 -53.1 -86.1 1 33.0 -57.2 239 53 799.3 799.3 327.3 799.4 0.02 91 10 30930 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -55.5 250 56 832.5 832.5 328.0 832.8 0.03 92 9.7 31129 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -55.3 842.1 842.1 328.2 842.4 0.03 93 9.0 31619 -50.6 -85.1 1 34.4 -56.2 250 66 855.9 856.0 328.5 856.2 0.03 94 8.5 31991 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -56.9 866.7 866.7 328.8 867.0 0.03 95 8.0 32386 -48.9 -84.9 1 36.0 -55.6 892.2 892.2 329.2 892.5 0.04 96 7.7 32637 -49.1 -85.1 1 36.0 -55.9 901.2 901.2 329.4 901.5 0.04 TRP 128 14889 -67.1 -85.1 6 18.0 -67.2 285 32 370.9 370.9 300.7 371.0 0.00 WND 9.0 31619 -50.6 -85.1 1 34.4 -56.2 250 66 855.9 856.0 328.5 856.2 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5631.00 m Freezing level: 656.00 mb = 3609.27 m = 11841.30 ft Wetbulb zero: 672.85 mb = 3405.53 m = 11172.88 ft Precipitable water: 1.22 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 76.45 % Est. max temperature: 26.92 C = 80.46 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 930.54 mb = 712.49 m = 2337.54 ft T: 12.55 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.84 C/km ThetaE index: 3.55 C Layer 728.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 666.56 mb = 3480.99 m = 11420.45 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.02 g/kg Conv temperature: 33.16 C = 91.68 F Cap Strength: 11.60 C Lifted Index: 11.42 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 15.49 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.56 C Showalter Index: 2.93 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 44.60 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 25.30 C Cross Totals Index: 19.30 C K Index: 30.00 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 270.55 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.48 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 48.88 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 9.89 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 50334.42 J/kg Cap Strength: 11.61 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 837.34 mb = 1602.82 m = 5258.55 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 296 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 987 215 200 9 3.1 8.5 | 143 20 -12.0 15.8 1 942 610 230 28 21.4 18.0 | 194 26 6.3 25.3 2 925 763 225 26 18.4 18.4 | 187 26 3.3 25.7 3 909 914 235 29 23.8 16.6 | 200 25 8.6 24.0 4 876 1219 230 24 18.4 15.4 | 188 23 3.3 22.8 5 850 1477 240 16 13.9 8.0 | 175 15 -1.3 15.4 6 845 1524 230 21 16.1 13.5 | 183 21 1.0 20.8 7 815 1829 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 167 11 -2.6 10.7 8 785 2134 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 159 9 -3.2 8.4 9 757 2438 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 200 5 1.6 4.4 10 730 2743 280 12 11.8 -2.1 | 148 6 -3.3 5.3 11 700 3086 275 12 12.0 -1.0 | 153 7 -3.2 6.3 12 651 3658 260 15 14.8 2.6 | 178 10 -0.3 10.0 13 626 3962 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 184 10 0.6 10.1 14 603 4267 275 16 15.9 -1.4 | 188 6 0.8 6.0 15 580 4572 285 25 24.1 -6.5 | 264 9 9.0 0.9 16 558 4877 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 271 13 12.9 -0.2 17 500 5740 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 270 26 26.3 0.1 18 497 5791 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 270 26 26.3 0.1 19 477 6096 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 261 25 24.7 3.9 20 400 7410 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 255 28 26.9 7.4 21 388 7620 270 43 43.0 -0.0 | 255 29 27.9 7.4 22 327 8839 255 44 42.5 11.4 | 236 33 27.4 18.7 23 313 9144 255 41 39.6 10.6 | 234 30 24.5 18.0 24 300 9450 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 261 25 24.7 3.9 25 262 10363 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 246 18 16.9 7.4 26 250 10670 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 254 26 24.9 7.4 27 217 11582 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 258 37 35.9 7.4 28 200 12110 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 255 17 16.8 4.6 29 179 12802 280 28 27.6 -4.9 | 259 13 12.5 2.5 30 171 13106 290 33 31.0 -11.3 | 284 16 15.9 -3.9 31 150 13920 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 252 24 22.9 7.4 32 148 14021 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 248 19 17.9 7.4 33 134 14630 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 262 27 26.7 3.7 34 128 14889 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 273 16 15.8 -0.9 35 127 14935 285 31 29.9 -8.0 | 273 15 14.8 -0.7 36 121 15240 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 268 21 21.3 0.9 37 115 15545 280 51 50.2 -8.9 | 272 35 35.1 -1.5 38 104 16154 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 303 21 17.8 -11.6 39 100 16380 280 35 34.5 -6.1 | 266 19 19.4 1.3 40 94 16764 280 36 35.5 -6.3 | 267 20 20.3 1.1 41 89 17069 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 153 9 -4.2 8.3 42 77 17983 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 44 4 -2.9 -2.9 43 73 18288 305 18 14.7 -10.3 | 7 3 -0.4 -3.0 44 70 18560 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 19 12 -4.1 -11.7 45 70 18593 315 25 17.7 -17.7 | 346 11 2.6 -10.3 46 66 18898 325 23 13.2 -18.8 | 9 12 -1.9 -11.5 47 63 19202 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 44 4 -2.9 -2.9 48 57 19812 305 11 9.0 -6.3 | 100 6 -6.1 1.0 49 54 20117 355 10 0.9 -10.0 | 80 14 -14.2 -2.6 50 50 20630 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 152 13 -6.0 11.6 51 49 20726 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 116 17 -15.1 7.4 52 47 21031 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 152 12 -5.7 10.8 53 45 21336 225 11 7.8 7.8 | 154 17 -7.3 15.1 54 43 21641 230 15 11.5 9.6 | 168 17 -3.6 17.0 55 41 21946 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 97 8 -7.4 0.9 56 39 22250 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 159 9 -3.2 8.4 57 35 22860 295 24 21.8 -10.1 | 293 7 6.6 -2.8 58 32 23470 340 15 5.1 -14.1 | 56 12 -10.0 -6.7 59 30 23774 115 2 -1.8 0.8 | 116 19 -16.9 8.2 60 30 23820 230 9 6.9 5.8 | 148 15 -8.2 13.1 61 29 24079 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 148 19 -10.1 16.0 62 27 24384 235 11 9.0 6.3 | 156 15 -6.1 13.7 63 26 24689 230 15 11.5 9.6 | 168 17 -3.6 17.0 64 25 24994 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 214 14 7.5 11.3 65 23 25603 235 27 22.1 15.5 | 197 24 7.0 22.8 66 22 25908 235 30 24.6 17.2 | 201 26 9.5 24.6 67 20 26430 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 240 29 25.3 14.5 68 19 26822 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 241 30 26.3 14.6 69 18 27127 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 255 17 16.8 4.6 70 17 27432 260 28 27.6 4.9 | 226 17 12.5 12.2 71 16 27737 255 27 26.1 7.0 | 217 18 11.0 14.3 72 16 28042 250 27 25.4 9.2 | 212 20 10.3 16.6 73 15 28346 225 38 26.9 26.9 | 199 36 11.8 34.2 74 14 28956 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 230 34 26.2 22.4 75 12 29566 225 49 34.6 34.6 | 205 46 19.5 42.0 76 10 30930 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 235 46 37.5 26.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 265.9 at 22.4 knts Storm direction: 295.9 at 16.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.4 neg: 0.3 tot: 2.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 18.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 168.1 neg: -80.4 tot: 87.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 29.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.19 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.6 stream: 2.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.05 Bulk Rich Number: 1.58 Bulk Shear: 30.89 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 224 20 178 22| 19.6 0.0 19.6|123.6 -13.9 109.6 219.2 0.79| 24.1 18.9 1000 228 24 186 23| 8.7 0.0 8.7|155.3 -45.0 110.4 110.4 0.54| 17.3 9.4 1500 230 22 185 22| 4.0 0.0 4.0|158.2 -64.2 94.0 62.7 0.30| 16.8 5.1 2000 235 20 183 19| 3.4 0.0 3.4|160.4 -75.0 85.4 42.7 0.22| 14.6 3.2 2500 241 19 185 16| 2.9 0.0 2.9|165.5 -80.1 85.4 34.1 0.18| 13.4 2.4 3000 245 18 184 15| 2.4 0.3 2.7|168.1 -80.4 87.6 29.2 0.19| 11.6 2.2 4000 250 17 184 13| 2.2 0.7 2.9|177.6 -80.4 97.1 24.3 0.22| 9.7 2.2 5000 260 19 197 11| 2.9 1.1 4.0|197.1 -80.5 116.6 23.3 0.29| 9.7 2.8 6000 266 22 219 11| 2.4 1.6 4.1|197.1-111.7 85.4 14.2 0.21| 9.2 1.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251018.12.gif